If you decide to make repairs in your apartment, whether it is the overhaul of the entire space or repair of sexual coating, then without aligning the floor, you can hardly do. Even in the new apartment, the base of the floor from concrete slabs is very often uneven, especially in the places of joints. In the old apartments, where people live for a long time, the state of the upper part of the concrete floor is not just bad, but we can only dream about high-quality repairs in the apartment.
Before aligning, it is necessary to carefully measure all the irregularities of the concrete floor.
Floor preparation for alignment
To determine the method of alignment of the floor and purchase the necessary materials, it is necessary to pre-perform the floor level measurement. To do this, first need to dismantle the floor covering and conduct a study of irregularities.For measurements, a long level is used, with which they determine the evenness of all sections of the floor. The surface of the concrete floor becomes uneven or due to the erase and appearance of Shcherbinok during operation, or due to the laid crooked at the construction stage of concrete slabs. Often there are cases when both reasons are present.
Using the level, checks the planes of the plated plates and the highest point of the floor is noted. Then the elevated and erased parts of the plates are studied and the deepest sweep is observed. The preliminary determination of the desired height of the floor level raising is extremely important, since with a significant lift of this level, serious difficulties are possible: doors will not be able to open or interfere with the operation of the heating battery. Often, time and means to eliminate these troubles are more than the alignment itself.
Floor alignment methods
Installing pin lights.
Usually, the floor covering is the last, which is dismantled during preparation for repair work, and the first thing is restored. Simply put, the floor must be aligned until the walls and the ceiling. To date, 2 methods of alignment of concrete base are known:
- By lighthouses;
- Device of bulk floor.
If the area of the room is small, and the difference in the minimum and maximum points of the plane of the floor does not exceed 35 mm, then the optimal version will be a liquid floor device. If the differences between the points are large, then the concrete floor can be aligned on the beacons exhibited.
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By stopping your choice on one of the options, it is important to understand that the ideal way to align the concrete floor has not yet invented, and each of the ways has its advantages and cons. And it is very important before you begin to align, understand them so that in the future do not do nonsense in the process.
Lineama alignment
Floor screed circuit.
This method today is the most common among lovers every home to do with their own hands. It is best suited for floor alignment in large rooms: halls, living rooms. By applying this method, initially on a concrete basis, you need to put and fix special lighthouses - metal rails, which are in the future serve as a guide for the device of a new floor tie.
The main advantage of this method is a device of high-quality and durable screed, including on large surfaces, with minimal costs of funds and time to work. But it can be stuck such a surface from 10 to 30 days, depending on the thickness of the screed layer and the room temperature. If you need to align the concrete floor to quickly, then this method will have to abandon.
To fulfill the alignment you will need tools:
- a vacuum cleaner;
- Perforated corners;
- Master OK:
- Rule.
Before aligning the floor, its base is needed thoroughly, and even better - we swap to remove the accumulated dust and dirt. Metal perforated corners are most often used as lighthouses. Lighthouses need to be installed along the room: the first and last - at a distance of 30 cm from the side walls, the rest - at an equal distance from each other, while the step between them should not exceed 1 m.
Installation is performed in this order. By making the floor marking, strictly along the lines "split" in a step of 20-25 cm with pellets of a predetermined cement or gypsum solution. These cakes are placed in a vertical line and aligned in the level of beacons, deepening them into the solution or lifting and lining the bottom of the smaller sizes.
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Floor screed tools: metal beams, construction level, construction mixer, large capacity.
When the solution grab slightly and fixes the beacons, the empty space remains under them is filled with a solution. At this stage, there is still an opportunity to correct the lighthouses, achieving the most flat horizontal. After that, beams should be given time to firmly fix in solution and only then go to the alignment of the floor.
For alignment, a freshly prepared cement solution is used. The optimal thickness of the solution resembles a thick sour cream. A thicker solution will be difficult to dissolve, and too liquid will not be durable enough, and it will dry for a very long time.
The leveling process must be started from the far from the inlet door of the angle, moving to the door. The first and second row are poured at the same time. Then the fill of the last and the penultimate row is also performed. Then the fill is performed by one row on each side, converted to the central one.
The cement mortar is poured between the mounted beacons and roll up a trowel to fill out all the remaining emptiness inside the screed. After filling in a solution of a row on the lighthouses, a rule is set and carried out 2-3 times, leveling the solution in a healer with lighthouses.
The fill and alignment of each subsequent row must be performed very carefully, constantly controlling the thickness of the solution, since it cannot be absolutely the same, and in places of contact with the already laid solution there may be influx, which reduces the effort to create a smooth surface.
The last row is filled and lines in small portions, the space actually filled with solution should not exceed the length of the elongated hands. This is the most complex and time-consuming part of all work to equalize the surface of the concrete floor. Then the laid tie need to give time to dry. Only after complete drying can be processed to further repair.
Device of bulk
This is the fastest and simple performed, but far from the cheapest way to align the floor. For alignment of concrete surfaces, special self-leveling mixtures are used. Such a mixture is enough just to pour onto a concrete base, and due to its specific properties, it will be cut off with a thin layer on the surface, filling all irregularities.When aligning the surface in this way, you need to get such tools:
- vacuuming:
- foam roller;
- needle roller;
- crapplains.
As with the alignment of sex by lighthouses, you first need to clean its surface. At the end of purification, the concrete surface is processed by a special primer for bulk floors. After the primer, you can proceed to dilution of the self-leveling mixture, strictly follow the instructions printed on its packaging.
The bay of the self-leveling solution of the floor, it is necessary to walk in different directions of the needle roller to remove air bubbles in the diluted mixture. It is necessary to work with the roller in a special studded shoe - kraskaskostups, and the needles in the roller should be longer than the height of the filling floor in its deepest place.
It dries up such a sex in just a few hours, after which you can start repairing. Such a drying rate is explained by both the specific composition of the mixture and the thickness of the injection layer, which does not exceed 3-4 mm.
Despite the speed and simplicity, this method is still not ideal.
It is not suitable if the height of the height of the surface to be aligned is greater than 3 mm.
It is bad for filling the floor on large areas, since the self-leveling mixture is rapidly collapsing, and it is elementary not enough time to qualitatively perform treatment with a roller surface with a spilled surface.
Floor alignment simultaneously with tile laying
Such alignment cannot be considered a full-fledged way, in fact this type of tile laying technology on the floor. It provides a smooth horizontal laid on the concrete base of the tile, and not the most concrete floor.
First, with the help of the level at the bottom of the perimeter of the walls, a marker is applied a label marker marking the future horizontal of the laid tile. Then, actually laying the tile is performed, and the level of the laid tile is regulated by the number of adhesive composition superimposed on its base. However, in such a way, it is possible to align irregularities in 2-3 mm, at large differentials it will not help.
Alignment of the concrete base of the floor does not apply to the number of complex construction operations, such work requires an artist who is not high qualified, and attention and patience. Therefore, for its implementation, there is no need to resort to the services of construction companies, you can safely be taken for work yourself, saving the means to perform more complex repair operations by professionals.
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