Asali tushe don shigarwa wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki tare da masanin ilimin kimiyyar Michael Fahay a 1831, wanda ya gina diski na Fahay, wanda yake daya daga cikin masu samar da sufuri na farko. Bayan haka, ana inganta masu samar da masu aikin lantarki a koyaushe a cikin ɗaya da rabi. Asynchronous da kuma sauran hanyoyin haruffa, daya da uku, ba tare da kulawa da kai da tare da shi ba. Menene banbanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan?
Gwararrakin synchronous
A cikin Starchratator Substatat, an yi wutar lantarki tare da daidaituwa na yawan juyawa na mai duba da maimaitawa da mai rotor. An ƙirƙiri ikon wajan lantarki ko Emf lokacin da aka ƙirƙira filin da maganakin Magnetic ya ƙetare lokacin iska. A cikin irin wannan janareta, mai jujjuyawa shine na dindindin ko kuma mai lantarki wanda ke da adadin sanda da yawa. Wani mai juyi biyu, wanda ke da saurin juyawa na 3000 Rpm, an sanya shi a cikin jerin abubuwan ajiyar waje, kuma a cikin babban kwararrun masu samar da wutar lantarki, mai jujjuyawa yana haskaka wutar lantarki, Rotor ta juya tare da mita na 1500 rpm.
Bayan fara janareta na saba, mai jujjuyawa yana haifar da filin runetic, amma sannu-sannu adadin juyinta yana ƙaruwa da EMF yana ƙaruwa da EMF yana ƙaruwa da EMF yana ƙaruwa da ƙara ƙaruwa. A fitarwa, ana sarrafa kwanciyar hankali na wutar lantarki ta amfani da rukunin daidaitawa ta atomatik (AVR), wanda ya canza filin ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin iska iska mai iska. A lokacin da masu aiki da hankali na kwastomomi, "Annawa Halin" na iya faruwa, wato, lokacin da aka kunna nauyin rashin daidaituwa, janareta ya faɗi. Kuma a cikin batun lokacin da ake samar da nauyin ƙarfin, akasin haka, janareta ya dace da ƙarfin lantarki ya dace.
Amfanin da aka gyara na kwastomomi shine ingantacciyar wutar lantarki a kayan fitarwa, amma hakkin su shine dabi'ar da ke girma kuma wuce matakin da AVr ya fi dacewa da su naúrar.
Mai janareta na sitter yana da ikon samar da takaice akan bayar da irin wannan halin yanzu wanda zai iya wuce darajar maras sau da yawa. Tun da wasu kayan aikin lantarki wanda ya haɗa da injin lantarki, ɗakunan motsa jiki, yana buƙatar haɓaka yanayi a cikin hanyar sadarwa, mafi kyawun abinci na gaba ɗaya zai zama kawai maye gurbinsu.
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Jami'in Asynchronous
Rotation na rotor a cikin irin masu samar da jakar kadan gaba da juya na Tarilover, wanda ya halicci shi. Irin wannan masana'antar lantarki sun haɗa da masu rotors tare da nau'ikan iska - gajere da lokaci. A cikin wata janareta asynchronous, da ka'idar aiki daidai take da a cikin yanayin sihiri - mai juyawa ya haifar da jujjuyawar iska, wanda mai juyawa ya haifar da stator da iska iska ta EMF. Amma bambanci ya ta'allaka ne cewa mitar ɗin da aka juya abin da ake juyawa, shine, daidaiton ta ba ta da inganci. Abin da ya sa mitar da wutar lantarki ke nan, wacce wutar lantarki ake samarwa, da wutar lantarki, ta dogara da ingantaccen aikin motar injin injin.
Asynchronoous alamun suna da babban kariya daga ayyukan daga waje kuma suna da ƙananan-kula da gajerun da'irori, don suna da girma ga injunan walda. Wadannan janareto ma da dace domin musanya na'urorin da cewa suna da wani ohmic (aiki) load, wanda ya canza kusan duk wutar lantarki kawota ta su, to aikin - kwakwalwa, lighting fitilu, kitchenware, heaters, da dai sauransu
Babban mai bata aiki (farawa) nauyin, wanda ya faru lokacin da aka kunna, alal misali, kayan aikin kayan aiki, amma mai janareta dole ne ya yi tsayayya da shi. Kuma wannan shi ne abin da muke ɗauka cewa kuna buƙatar matsar da katako mai nauyi, wanda aka sanya a saman kwance. Don matsar da trolley, ya zama dole don samun ƙarin ƙoƙari, wanda ake buƙata don kula da motsinta. Yanayin iri ɗaya ne wanda ke faruwa lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da tsarin compressor ko tsayayye-tsarin, injin lantarki da kowane mai aikin lantarki, sabili da haka, kawai janareta na lantarki na iya jingina da shi.
Ana biyan diddige na tsakiya a cikin Cikin Cikin Gidaje na tsakiya ko masu ɗaukar kaya, kazalika da amfani da sashe na musamman na igiyoyi na musamman da masu canzawa.
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A asynchronous Algnchretator yana da babban abin damuwa - daga baya ikon girman nauyin kaya. Amma, duk da wannan, ya fi sauƙi ga yin zane kuma mai rahusa fiye da Analog. Bugu da kari, masu samar da wutar lantarki na zamani suna da zane mai rufewa, wanda zai iya samar musu da kyakkyawar kariya daga danshi da gurbataccen waje.
Uku lokaci-lokaci-lokaci janareta
Wasu mutane suna da tabbaci cewa janareta wutar lantarki guda ɗaya ta fi muni uku. Da dabaru daga waɗanda ba sa fahimtar wutar lantarki mai sauƙin fahimta - lokaci ɗaya yana ƙasa da uku, saboda haka mafi muni. A zahiri, zabi tsakanin wadataccen wutar lantarki dole ne a danganta da bukatun ƙarshen masu amfani.Batareor Wreather wanda ke da matakai uku don ciyar da rukuni uku na masu amfani da lamba guda ɗaya, kuma don ciyar da na'urorin uku.
Yana faruwa cewa an yi shimfidar shigarwar kashi uku a cikin gidan a kungiyoyi guda, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar kariya mai tsada sosai daga tsarin wutar lantarki, da shigarwa yana da tsada sosai. Kusan duk kayan aikin gidan zamani ba su da aure guda na zamani, kuma lokaci uku sun kasance tsoffin samfuran lantarki da murhun lantarki.
Motsa lantarki uku da yawa suna da babban rabo mai mahimmanci - tare da karfin madadin, alal misali, karfin kowane lokaci zai zama 3.3 KW. Daga cikin matakai, matsakaicin yiwuwar nauyin wutar lantarki na iya wuce 25% na maras muhimmanci, wanda shine 1/3 na jimlar gwal. Dangane da wannan, kwararre mutum guda yana da karfin iko na 4.5 kW zai fi ƙarfin jantaita uku da 10 kW.
Inverter Generat
Mai kula da Inverter yana da rukunin sarrafawa na lantarki wanda zai iya tabbatar da samar da kyakkyawan ingancin wutar lantarki, tare da rashin duk wani saukad da wutar lantarki. Inverter Masu matukar kyau ne ga abinci mai gina irin waɗannan masu sayen waɗanda suke buƙatar kawai a cikin abubuwan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Tsarin sarrafawa mai sarrafa kansa don tsarin sittorus an kafa shi kuma yana aiki a matakai uku: Yana samar da wutar lantarki tare da yawan 20 Hz; Sannan ya samar da na dindindin na yanzu 12 v; Bugu da ari, halin yanzu na yanzu yana canzawa zuwa wani mai canzawa wanda zai dace da yawan adadin HZ 50.
An kasujan janarelori guda uku cikin nau'ikan kayan aikin ƙwallon ƙafa:
- Ga mafi arha model, wani rectangular impestus yana da halin. Irin waɗannan samfurori na iya ciyar da kayan aikin wutar lantarki ne kawai. Wannan nau'in inverters kusan ba a sayar da shi ba, kamar yadda yake da ƙarancin shahararrun mutane da ƙarancin dama.
- Masu samar da matsakaiciyar yankin na iya samar da trapezoidal. Wannan yana ba su damar ciyar da kayan aikin gidan lantarki, kamar firiji. Amma ga mafi mahimmancin fasaha, irin wannan ingancin ƙarfin lantarki ba shi da isasshen ilimi.
- Tare da mai son sinusidal, mafi kyawun yanayin aikin kowane na'urori da aka kirkira - daga mafi sauki ga mafi wuya. Voltage na Sinusoidal yana da halaye masu kyau da daidai ya dace da duk sigogi na wutar lantarki, wanda hanyoyin sadarwa na lantarki ke samarwa. Kudin irin wannan inverters sun fi girma fiye da na wasu nau'ikan biyu.
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Abvantbuwan amfãni na masu janareta:
- Mafi karami mai nauyi da girma, idan idan aka kwatanta da masu tsaron gida mai sauƙi na wannan iko;
- Rashin amo yayin aiki, wanda aka samu sakamakon gaskiyar cewa sauyewar saurin gudu;
- Yara kaɗan mai amfani da mai, wanda aka samu ta hanyar sarrafa lantarki ta tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Mai janareta yana samar da irin wannan makamashi wanda a yanzu ake buƙata ga dukkan masu sayen, kuma yana raguwa tare da rage raguna ko kuma ƙara yawan masu amfani;
- Tunda suna dogara ne akan madadin mahaɗa, masu shiga cikin kayan aiki na takaice suna samar da kayan aiki mai zurfi sosai. Bugu da kari, a wasu samfuran masana'antu masu kwayar halitta akwai "overpofa yanayin", wanda mai koyon zai iya samar da iko da kashi 50% fiye da wanda maras muhimmanci. Amma wannan yanayin na iya aiwatar da kimanin minti 20-30;
- Kyakkyawan aiki akan gazawar - kimanin awa 3,000.
Rashin daidaituwa:
- Matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki shine awanni 8;
- da tsada mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta marasa gida na wannan iko;
- Sashin sarrafawa na lantarki yana da hankali sosai, kuma gyara yana da tsada sosai;
- Matsakaicin iko a cikin masu samar da irin wannan nau'in shine 7.2 KW, kuma babu samfurori waɗanda ke da ƙarin iko.
ƙarshe
Duk nau'ikan masu samar da masu farenta, banda inverter, ba za a iya amfani da injin kirki ba kawai a cikin samfurin masu amfani da wutar lantarki, amma kuma a cikin manyan tsarin janareta waɗanda ke samar da Megawatts na wutar lantarki.