Yanayin Analog a cikin incubator na gida.
Incubator tare da hannuwanku
Labarin ya bayyana asalin asalin gidan incubatory, a cikin abin da dumama qwai ya ci gaba da ci gaba, ba tare da inclusions da rufe wani mai zafi na thermostat.
A cewar ka'idodin Yammacin Turai, duk masana'antar da aka kera don amfani sun kasu kashi uku:
Ingancin ingancin (dauke da kayan halitta) - game da farashin yana samuwa ga mai da yawa sakamakon;
Inganci da matsakaici (na iya ƙunsar albarkatu da ƙari, ba cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam) - an yi nufin "amfani da 'cikin ciki, I.e. rarraba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta masana'anta, da kuma p. Amurka tare da babban matakin samun kudin shiga na yawan jama'a;
· Ingancin inganci (ya kunshi mafi sauƙi (ya kunshi, incl, inccewa ga lafiyar ɗan adam) - an yi niyya ne kawai don fitar da ƙasashe da kuma ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin siyarwa). Bayanin ƙididdigar ƙarshe na ƙarshe ya nuna cewa wani sashi na yawan mutanen kasarmu na nufin rukuni na talauci. A yau, a cikin abincin iyalai na Rasha, akwai mai arha na Yammacin Turai, kamar "ƙafafun Bush", waɗanda ke cutar da lafiyar mu. Kuna iya yin sauri sosai game da wannan, amma zaku iya yin "Mini-kiwo" Mini-kiwo "don samar da cikakken samfuran furotin. Muna magana ne game da incubator na gida, farashin kagarar abin da ba zai zama nauyi ga tsarin gidan yanar gizon ba: 12-15 Abubuwan da suka shafi tsoffin al'amura (na iya zama tsoffin al'amuran), da kuma gidaje, firiji na gida. Irin wannan "mai ba da abinci" yana da amfani ba kawai ga mazaunin karkara ba, har ma da wani ɓangare na 'yan ƙasarmu, da damisin mu, kazalika da ƙananan gonaki.
Babban kumburin kowane incubator, kamar yadda ka sani, shine theermostat. A cikin sanannen wallafen kimiyya da fasaha zaku iya samun yawancin shirye-shirye masu yawa waɗanda zasu ba ku damar yin irin wannan na'urar. Zabi anan yana da fadi sosai kuma cikin mafita na makamantarwa, kuma a cikin kayan aikin. Duk da bambance bambancen bambance-bambance, akwai wani yanayi wanda ya haɗu da su: Dukansu suna aiki a cikin abin da ake kira "yanayin da ake kira (dumɓu-dumu-ɗan dumama). Ba za a iya gane wannan mafi kyau ba, saboda Ya saba wa ka'idar "Dabi'a". A zahiri, ba ya tsalle daga zuƙo zuƙowa kowane minti 3-5 daga gida. Teay qwai ya faru ci gaba da tsananin ƙimar zazzabi. Saboda haka, lokacin da yake gina kansa incubator, aikin da aka saita don gane wannan yanayin a cikin aikin thermostat: ci gaba (ko "Analog). Daidaitawar riƙe yawan zafin jiki ya zama ± 0.3 ° C. Iyakar iko (The Mristor) ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar bugun jini. An nuna makircin yankin thermostat a cikin Hoto na 1.
Fig.1 Tunani na theirmostat.
Ya juya mafi sauƙin amfani da tattalin arziki mai sauki. Yana aiki haka. A lokacin hada hade, kashi mai dumama yana aiki da cikakken iko. Kamar yadda yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa a cikin incubator, ƙarfin dumama ya ragu sosai. A cikin yanayin aiki, lokacin da aka kai yawan zafin jiki 38.2 ° C, daidaitaccen daidaito an kafa shi, a cikin buɗe zafin da ke buɗe tashar da ke tattare da shi. Auna da aka nuna cewa a cikin yanayin aiki, wanda ke incubator yana cin abinci daga hanyar sadarwa game da 10-12 w (yawan ƙwai mai zafi na iya kaiwa guda 300 guda 3). Ganin cewa lokacin shiryawa yana da kwanaki 21-31 (dangane da nau'in tsuntsu), dattara na ƙarshe da yanke hukunci ne wajen kimanta farashin samarwa.
Dalilin abubuwan da aka tsara na da'irar da ke tattare da Allamahroror.
Transistors vt1, VT2 suna samar da kwatancen yanayi na sauƙin sauƙin guda ɗaya. VD9 Doode ya kunshi a akasin shugabanci ya yi rawar da ke tattare da makami mai zafi, wanda aka sanya a cikin ɗakin shiryawa. Lokacin da zazzabi ya ƙasa da aiki, juriya na mawuyacin zamani yana rufe, da transistor ya buɗe a farkon kowane cibiyar sadarwa da aka yi yana kan cikakken iko. A lokacin da zazzabi a cikin shiryawa an taru, an tashe chember Thermal juriya vd9 yana raguwa, transplet din VT3 ya shiga jihar mai kashewa ya fara shunt da Capacoor C1. Lokaci na caji yana ƙaruwa, analoge na watsawa guda ɗaya (VT1, VT2) zai kunna daga baya. Lokacin da suke nufi da Myafinka zai zama ƙasa, ikon ƙirar mai dumama zai ragu. Lokacin da aka kai zafin jiki na aiki a ɗakin, transistor vt3 za a kusan buɗe, ikon da aka kunna Myafinka zai zama kadan. Zai ba da zafi da yawa a cikin ɗakin tun tana rasa ramuka na iska. Irin wannan yanayin ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi zai kiyaye tsawon lokaci har yaushe. Idan zazzabi a cikin ɗakin ya fara sauke (alal misali, don buɗe ƙofar kyamara), sannan juriya na hakki zai zama da sauri, za a cajin kyamaren hanzari. Analoge na transter mai transror, kuma a cikin tausayawa zai kasance a baya, da kuma hanyar sadarwar, da hanyar sadarwa, yawan zafin zai zama ƙari. Don haka zai zama har sai zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa aiki ɗaya. Idan zafin jiki ya karu a sama da aiki, juriya na sensor sentor zai zama karami, fashewar VT3, ta kashe, kashi mai ɗaukar hoto zai kashe daga cibiyar sadarwa. Tare da rage zafin jiki, tsari zai tafi a gaban shugabanci. ROYRO mai canzawa R6 yana saita darajar zafin jiki na aiki a ɗakin da aka yiwa. DogaraDron vd8 yana tabbatar da aikin analogue na translor mai musayar hanya guda. Idan an cire shi, daidaitaccen kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin incubator zai zama daidai da ± 1.5 ° C, wanda, ba shakka, ba ya halatta. VD5 Doode yana kare VT1, masu tallata kalmomin VT2 daga rushewa. A madadin haɗe da Tivilans VD6, VD7 ana iya maye gurbin VD7 tare da ƙara ɗaya, a cikin ɗauko wutar lantarki daidai yake da adadin haɓaka VDO7 da VD7. R3 REBRORORORCor ne ke tantance wutar lantarki ta bude hanyar bude hanyar fassara. A matakin farko, maimakon shi ya hada da babban tsayayya da 20 com, shigen karami ne na dan lokaciAn cimma shi ta hanyar aiki mai tsayayye na thermostat a cikin yanayin aiki. Kashe Hellallostat, auna juriya na musayar mai tsayayya, da kuma akai jure yana da alaƙa maimakon hakan. Wannan aikin yana da alhakin, kuma yana iya maimaita maimaita sau da yawa don zabar cikakken daidaito R3, Hakanan yana iya zama dole don taƙaitawar ƙimar rakodin R2. Resportor na VT3 dole ne ya sami madaidaicin madaidaicin β = 60-100. Babban ƙimar amplification coodpation sanya thermostat sun yi hankali sosai, har ma da ƙananan hawa a cikin ɗakin zafin rana yana canza yanayin aikinta: ya zama "oscilatory". Karamin ƙimar ƙimar rage yawan zafin jiki daidai.
Mataki na a kan batun: gama fasaha da zane da zane
Kashi.
Ana amfani da thermostat dindindin R2, R3, R5 Rubuta MLT, SP-0.25, R1-MLT-2, R6-1, Capacitor C1-MBM, K71-5 zuwa wutar lantarki aƙalla 160 v , MP-39, MP-31, CT-501, KT-310, KT-3107, T3-503, T3- a kan KT-611 , CT 503, VD1- VD1- VD4 Tins- on KD202K, KD2202L, KD202R, KD202R, On20B. T1 - T3 transists na iya samun wasu haruffa. P-N-sauyin transists mp-40, mp-41, za a iya amfani da MP-42, za a iya amfani da MP-4, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26, za a iya amfani da MP-26 a matsayin firikwensin mai zafi vd6. KU1 za a iya maye gurbin KU201K. Titan VD6, VD7, VD8-ON D814A. Relay K1 shine shigo da TSG1, tare da biyu na rufewa da biyu na buɗe lambobi. Ana lissafin coil na kunshin K1 akan ƙarfin lantarki na 220 V. Tsarin dumama - madaukai na partel na fitilu (ɗayan a saman kyamara, ɗayan yana cikin ƙasa). A cikin kowane sarkar - biyu sun mamaye kwararan fitila na haske kowanne. Jimlar ƙarfin ƙarfin dumama kada ya wuce 100 w ta amfani da CU na--agaƙwalwar da muke yi. The Mymrorm Jikin jan karfe ko kayan ado na aluminium tare da yanki na akalla 9 cm2, wanda zai yi aikin radiyo mai zafi. Idan karfin dumama ya wuce 100 w, to an maye gurbin vs1 da aka maye gurbinsa da CU202H ko Cu202M, kuma dole ne ya yi shaye shaye shaye-shaye-shaye-≥ - VD4 dole ne tsayayya da karuwar nauyin yanzu. A cikin marubucin, lokacin da aka yi amfani da Thermostat, an yi amfani da kwamitin rubutu da aka sanya shi da aka shirya. Idan akwai kwarewar da suka dace, zaku iya yin bindigogin katako, ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan da aka nuna a cikin siffa.2.
Fig.2 Kudin Farashi.
Daidaitawa.
Jikin incubator shine dakin wasan kwaikwayon maƙallaci. Don waɗannan dalilai, firiji ya kasa kyau. An cire shi daga gare ta "Injessies": shelves, racks, daskarewa ɗaki. A bakin kofa, almakashi na karfe ya yanke wani taga kusoshi mai kusurwa wanda aka gyara farantin gilashin kwayoyin halitta tare da taimakon sukurori. Gobs tsakanin farantin da ƙofar suna shafawa tare da putty. Girman girman taga yakamata ya kasance wanda duk trays a cikin shiryawa da aka nuna. A ciki ƙofar, a gaban taga, a cikin manoma na gida, auren da asirin gidan da aka karfafa shi tare da iyakokin auna: 0-50 ° C (HOM. 3).
Fig.3 na waje na incubator.
Kula da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio don fitilun fitila don hasken wuta. Ya kamata a kunna shi a kan canjin da ke cikin wuri mai dacewa a waje na incubator. A ciki ƙofar da incubator, ƙananan fan sizini an ƙarfafa shi, wanda ke aiki don mix iska kuma a daidaita zafin jiki a ɗakin. An jagoranci kai tsaye na iska daga fan fan ɗin da aka ja-gora tare da bangon kyamarar, neman cewa ba ya fada cikin trays tare da qwai. Idan yawan ƙwai ƙwai ba ya wuce guda 100, to, zaku iya yi ba tare da fan ba. Lapits na da ya kafa fitilu a ko'ina kuna da duka a kan shiryawa da aka nuna. Baya ga dumama, a cikin lmascencece, za ku iya samun bayani game da bayani game da halin yanzu incubator:
Mataki na a kan batun: alkalami fensir: masu girma dabam: shiges, shigarwa da umarnin kulawa
· Ƙauyen haske-halayyar sa na qwai na qwai,
Orai mai haske yanayin aiki,
Rashin haske yayi magana game da overheating (wannan na iya faruwa a lokacin rani, lokacin da na yanayi ya yi zafin jiki a cikin dakin da incubator ke girma da zazzabi a cikin shiryuwar shiryawa). An rufe fitilun a cikin ƙananan kayan incubator an rufe shi da grille na ƙarfe saboda kajin, ba za a karye ba. Bugu da kari, lattice korafa zafin da ke gudana zuwa daga fitilun. A cikin koli na shiryawa a cikin sanannen wuri, yana da kyawawa don ƙarfafa gashi hygrometer don auna zafin iska.
Sannan ci gaba zuwa masana'antar trays. Su ne firam na katako na katako wanda ke da raga da ƙarfe. Ana haɗa ƙananan suttura aluminum a gefen bangon ɓangaren trays (Fig. 4). Sun riƙe trays a cikin ɗakin da aka shiryu.
Fig.4 trays.
Yana da kyau a yi nau'ikan trays guda biyu da suka bambanta kawai a ƙasa: tare da manyan ƙwayoyin da ƙarami. Ana amfani da trays tare da manyan sel (25 × 25 mm) ana amfani dasu a farkon matakin, kafin ƙaddamar da qwai. Manyan sel suna ba da kyakkyawan iska da kuma daidaituwa na ƙwai. A lokacin da ake tiredi, an canza ƙwai cikin trays tare da ƙananan sel (5 × 5 mm) saboda kajin yana bayyana bai faɗi ba daga trays ta ƙasa. Yawan trays sun tabbata ne ta girman ɗakin da aka nuna. Yana da mahimmanci kada a overdo shi: kayan aikin tattarawa ya rage ambaton iska ga ƙwai kuma ta rage mafita kajin lafiya. Abubuwan da ba su cika ba na incuborator yana ƙara farashin kayayyakin da aka gama. Yakamata a dauki nesa tsakanin trays 10-12 cm. Girman tire ya zama don ya iya dacewa, kimanin guda 50 kwai ƙwai, ko guda 40 guda. A kasan dakin da aka nuna yana sanye da karamin wanka da ruwa. Ana buƙatar kula da yanayin zafi na al'ada a cikin incubator: 60-80%. An daidaita darajar zafi a kan hygrometer gashi. Idan zafi bai wuce da aka ƙayyade ba, sannan maye gurbin wanka mafi girma a cikin girman idan an rage tsananin zafi-girman wanka. A low zafi, da fitar da danshi daga qwai ya karu, harsashi ya yi dorewa, dole ne ka yi amfani da kajin don ciyar da ƙarin makamashi lokacin da. Tare da high zafi a cikin ɗakin da aka yi, an kafa shi, iska tana samun wani ƙanshi mara dadi, kajin yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa masu lafiya. Bugu da kari, da zafi ya dogara da matsanancin incubator: karancin zafi a kaikaici yana nuna mahimman adadin "wanda ba a san shi ba a cikin ɗakin da aka kwarara zuwa trays. A cikin kwaskwarimar aiki daidai ba zai zama wani kamshi mara kyau ba.
Ya kamata a faɗi kalmomi da yawa game da firikwensin thermal. Matsayinta a cikin ɗakin an ƙaddara shi gwaji. Yana da kyawawa cewa an haɗe shi a mafi girman ma'ana inda mafi girman zafin jiki. A madaidaiciyar kwarara ta iska daga fan bai faɗi a kansa ba, in ba haka ba gwamnatin zazzabi za a gurbata Recie.
Idan cim ma cire haɗin wutar lantarki ta gaggawa, wajibi ne don kula da wani madadin wutar lantarki (Fig. 5). Don waɗannan dalilai, batirin baturi na 12-volt daga nau'in motar fasinjoji 6t-55 ko 60 ya dace. Iyãwarsa isa su kula da yawan zafin jiki a cikin incubator a 34-38 ° C for 36-40 hours (idan incubator jiki da aka yi daga cikin firiji). A wannan yanayin, fitilun wutar lantarki biyu daga wutar lantarki biyu daga fitattun motoci masu dumama. Da fitilu suna da alaka a juna sequentially, da thermostat a cikin wannan hali ba a amfani da su. K1 Reray tare da buɗe lambobin sadarwa Sa1 ya haɗa da hanyar sadarwa 220 tare da na thermostat. Lokacin da hanyar sadarwa tana da ƙarfin lantarki na 220 v, sadakoki suna buɗe, dumama yana tare da fitilun Labaran E1 - E4, baturin yana caji ne daga caja. Idan irin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin cibiyar sadarwa vuya, da gudun ba da sanda K1 ne de-da kuzari, da SA1 lambobi suna rufe da alaka da baturi tare da E5, E6 fitilu. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki shine 220 v, gaba daya tsari yana akasin haka. Irin wannan yanayin aikin incubatator yana hana dogon overcoing na qwai, a yanayin kwatsam juya wutar lantarki.
Mataki na kan batun: shigarwa na bangels na MDF a kan rufi tare da Kleimers
Fig.5 gaggawa samar da wutar lantarki.
Kafin saukar da incubator, yana fuskantar shi don kwanaki 1-2 a idle, yana bincika zazzabi a mafi ƙasƙanci da mafi girma trays. Bai kamata ya banbanta da 0.5 ° C. Don samun wani abin dogara sakamakon, likita thermometers ake amfani, wanda aka sanya a kan dan lokaci trays haka cewa su karatu ne a fili bayyane ta hanyar da taga a cikin shiryawa jam'iyya kofa. Dole ne a aiwatar da ƙarin daidaitawar zafin jiki da bayan saukar da incubator a rana ta fari, saboda Bayyanar qwai a cikin tire yana canza rarraba ƙwayar zafi. Shaidar boko thermometers ne idan aka kwatanta da alamomi na babban ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, karfafa a cikin masallãci tsit. A lokacin shiryawa zamani, wajibi ne a sake shirya trays sau daya a rana bisa ga wani takamaiman makirci: motsi su daga kasa zuwa sama ko mataimakin versa zuwa matakin da watsa na dumama zafin jiki a cikin manya da ƙananan trays na incubator. A cikin yanayin yanayi, zuƙowa yana haifar da wannan hanyar akai-akai, yana motsa a cikin gida tare da beak.
Fasahar kudi.
A cikin trays sa sabo qwai, iyakokin waɗanda ba su wuce mako guda ba. Kafin wannan, suna da kyawawa don bincika Ovusiyope. Zaɓin zaɓi mafi sauƙi za'a iya yin shi a cikin minti 1-2: a cikin murfin akwatin mai dauke da almakashi a yanka rami tare da diamita na 50 mm. Teburin tebur an sanya shi a kan tebur domin a bude sashin bude. An rufe hula tare da farantin kwali tare da rami. Ovoscope shirye. Qwai ba tare da amfraɗi ba, kazalika da lahani na waje (mara daidaituwa, zaɓaɓɓun masu girma dabam, da sauransu). Idan farfajiya na qwai ya gurbata, bai kamata ya shafa shi da rigar rigar ba. Kamar yadda ake nema, bayan bincika OSOSPOPE, yawan nasarar hated kajin na iya kaiwa 90%, ba tare da ovoskop ba - kashi 60%.
Lokacin da aka sanya hannu a cikin trays, kowane kwai tare da fensir ko alkalami-alkalami a garesu, alal misali, a gefe guda lambar "1", kuma a daya, "2". Sau ɗaya a rana, qwai sun juya a cikin trays: Farkon lambar "1" a saman, gobe - lamba "2". Ana ba da lambar shiga da aka fara aiwatar da tsarin farawa, yawan qwai, lambobin da aka yiwa alama tare da wannan jam'iyyar. A gida, sau da yawa yana da sau da yawa dole ne a kawo ƙarshen ƙarshen ɓangaren farko na farkon tsari, isar da trays tare da wata ƙungiya ko tare da wani canje-canje da tsuntsu: ana buƙatar waɗannan canje-canje da za a yi rikodin. Qwai daga wani tsari suna alama da sauran lambobi, misali "3" da "4". Mujallar ta ba ku damar tsara lokacin fitowar matasa, har ma da ranar Matsakaici, wanda dole ne a aiwatar da shi a karo na biyu na ƙwararrun lokacin da aka shiryu ("Stagger" ). A wannan lokacin, qwai aka zaba ba tare da sching, kuma trays suna kafa a sake, da kuma wani tsari da aka shigar a kan vacation wuri. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar amfani da amfani da amfani da incubator. Kamar yadda 9-shekara kwarewa da aiki da kansa incubator, a lokaci guda a cikin masallãci akwai iya zama qwai iri-iri na tsuntsaye: kaza, agwagwa, dinya, turkey. Yana da mahimmanci kawai kada a rikita lokacin kwanciya qwai na kowane nau'in tsuntsu, kuma san kwanakinsu na rashin aikinsu.
Kowace rana, kimanin a lokaci guda, an cire trays tare da qwai daga cikin incubator kuma ya juya na 15-20 minti. Qwai suna sanyaya a wannan lokacin. Irin wannan tsarin mulki yana da cikakken daidaitawa tare da halitta: A Vivo Zuƙo sau ɗaya a rana ya bar gida don ciyarwa. Don ingantaccen aiki, ƙwai na waterfowl (ducks, geese) yayyafa da sanyawar ruwa. "Jawatattun ruwa" suna da tasirin fushi a cikin zuriya nan gaba: Yana girma da nauyi da tsayayya ga yanayin yanayin yanayi saukad. Yana don wannan dalili cewa marubucin ya ƙi juya trays ta atomatik. Hakanan a kai a kai bukatar canza ruwa a cikin wanka. Yawancin lokaci kaji an tsage a rana ta 19, ducklings da geussisy - a 26th. Idan duk hanyoyin sun kiyaye daidai, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga qwai yana faruwa tare don tsawon kwanaki 1-2. A ranar Valupa, lokacin da incubator ya cika da fakitin, an shigar da tray a cikin kyamara don karbar matasa. Sabon hathed kajin ya kamata a musanya shi sau da yawa a cikin wata alama ta daban don kada su tsoma baki har yanzu ba hataddamar da takwarorinsu ba. Bayan bushewa, ana cire kajin daga incubator.