Faranti na mamaye wa kanka. Zane

An tsara faranti don raba ginin a matakan (benaye). Idan faranti suna tsakanin benayen, to, wannan shi ne abin mamaki, idan sama da bene na ƙarshe, to, mai rufi. Bambancin ya ta'allaka ne kawai a cikin ikon da ke ciki. Karuwan da bukatun ga ƙarfi ne, kuma AMINCI ana gabatar da wadannan ginin Tsarin, kamar yadda su ne babban m abubuwa da kuma gane load daga dukan kasa, ciki har da benaye, partitions, kayan aiki, furniture da kuma wucin gadi lodi.

Plese of overlappings na iya zama:

• Ya danganta da kayan: ƙarfafa kankare, kankare, katako, ƙarfe, hade;
• daga hanyar aiwatar da kari ko monolithic;

Daya ko wani nau'in slabs rufin ana amfani da shi dangane da fasalin ƙira na ginin, matsakaicin nauyin a kan abin da aka ruwa da shigarwa. Sa'annan za mu bincika yadda ake yin bulala da hannuwansu.

Misali na lissafin Monolithic Slab

Kafin a ci gaba da kera murhun, yana da kyau a sanya shi lissafi. Sannan wani misali na lissafin jirgin sama na jirgin sama ya mamaye abin ƙyalli a cikin fitilance.

Tushen bayanai don lissafin

Girman ginin tare da Monolithic overlapping dauki girman 6x6 m ya kasu kashi a tsakiyar bangon bango (Fasa 3M). Kauri mai kauri zai dauki 160 mm, yayin da aikin aiki na tsayin daka zai zama 13 cm2 ^ 5 cm2 ^ 5 kilogiram 5 ^ 5 kg / cm2) za a yi amfani da shi don kera farantin. M karfe a-500C (Rs = 4500kg / cm2 * 10 ^ 6 kg / cm2).

Overlapping kaya

A cike da kaya zai kunshi nauyi: a cikin maganganun slabs (a cikin maganganunmu 160 mm), ciminti sun yi nauyi da kauri na mm 30 mm, cirewa sukan yi nauyi tare da karye-tsaren tayali, nauyin da zai yuwu. Dukkan bayanai suna raguwa a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa tare da ƙoshin lafiya.

Lissafin slabs don nakasa don ƙura

Tsarin mulkin:

Yanzu muna buƙatar zaɓi sashen giciye na ƙarfafa, saboda wannan zamu ayyana matsakaicin lokacin:

da kuma ingantaccen na AO tare da nisa na farantin b = 1 (m):

Yankin da ake buƙata na sassan giciye zasuyi daidai da:

Sabili da haka, don haɓaka mita 1 na 1, ana iya amfani da slack da aka jefa tare da sanduna 5 tare da diamita na 8 mm a mataki na 200 mm. Yankin na Armature Cross sashen zai zama kamar = 2.51cm2.

Mun kusanci lissafin faranti a kan lalata don ƙira. Daga tushen tushen, mun san cewa nauyin dindindin a kan abin da ya gabata shine 0.63t / m² da

Layin na wucin gadi a kan abin da aka zage shi daidai yake da 0.2ST / M².

Lissafta mafi girman lokacin da na dogon lokaci:

Da matsakaicin lokacin nauyin gajeren lokaci:

Mun sami daidaito wanda ke la'akari da nau'in nauyin kaya da kuma shirin saukarwa s = 5/48 - don katako tare da nauyin da aka rarraba ƙasa (Table na 31, "Jagora

Dangane da ƙirar kankare da karfafa tsarin kankare daga m kankare "). Y '= Y = 0 (Tebur 29 "Jagora zuwa ƙirar kankare da karfafa tsarin kankare daga m kankare").

Cikakken bayani don tantancewa: K1KR; K1L; K2l.

Munyi la'akari da curvature na axis tare da aikace-aikacen lokaci guda na ɗan gajeren lokaci, da dadewa da dindindin:

Yanzu ya kasance don tantance matsakaicin ƙyalli a tsakiyar farkon:

Ana aiwatar da yanayin, yana nufin cewa karfafa gwiwar ø8 a-500c a mataki na 200 mm gaskiya ne!

Monolithic faranti ya mamaye gareji

Koda gina tsarin kamar slabs za a iya yi da hannayensu. Bari mu kalli na'urar aiki don garejin. Za mu toshe spen tare da dogon mm mai tsayi 4300, saboda haka za a kera faranti 4500 mm. A kowane gefe, murhun zai dogara da tubalin bulo na 100 mm.

Kayan don kera faranti

Yadda ake shafawa slabs dillallaid tare da hannuwanku? Don masana'anta na murhun da muke buƙata:

• Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun H75 / 750 x 4500 mm, za a yi amfani dashi azaman tsari mai cirewa;
• Kafafan katako tare da tsawo na 150 mm da kauri na 25 - 30 mm;
• Armature tare da diamita na 16 mm;
• Raga tare da sel 100x100 tare da diamita na 5 mm;
• screed tare da diamita na 8 mm, guda 2 a kowace farantin;
• Class B20.

Tsarin masana'antu tare da hannuwanku

Takardar kwararru ta lalace ta hanyar mai wuya. A ƙarƙashin takardar kuna buƙatar sanya abubuwan murƙushe (katako na katako, guda 4). Muna shirya tsari daga allon kusa da gefen takardar.

Mun sanya karfafa gwiwa a cikin kowane nau'in tire (5 inji mai kwakwalwa). A kariyar kariya Layer na kankare dole ne 25-30 mm. Ga guda kudaden shiga na ƙarfafa ƙarfafa ƙarfafa (shafi na 4) don jigilar farantin (a cikin yanayinmu, tare da ɗaga shi har zuwa tsawo na matakin gage). A saman slab, mun aza grid, wanda kuma ya kamata a kiyaye shi ta Layer na kankana 30 mm.

Mataki na farko akan taken: Labulen Ziyarawa ga Window Sill akan Windows

Domin takardar bene mai kwararru da kyau a bayan kankare, yana buƙatar sanya lubricated tare da mai (ko'ina) ko a gashi tare da fim ɗin polyethylene. Amfani da kankare akan farantin daya zai zama 0.4 m3. An shirya kankare a cikin mahauta mai maye, zuba da kuma vibator ya makale. Kuna iya cire farantin kawai bayan kwanaki 7 lokacin da kankare sauke 70% ƙarfi.

Hakanan zai yiwu a rufe na'urar kai tsaye a bangon. Za a yiwa zanen gado na ƙwararru, ana yin su ƙarfafa aiki da tsari na tsari ya gamsu. Kankare yana ƙaruwa a cikin crane a cikin Bader kuma cika cikin tsotse mai ƙarfi. A karkashin gyaran da kake buƙatar shigar da kayan tallafi a lokacin saitin ƙarfin kankare. Wannan hanyar za ta fi tsada, don haka zanen gado na ƙwararru suna kasancewa a cikin abin da aka ruwaito.

Nawa ne kudin da ya yi don yin slab ya mamaye?

Yanzu mun ƙididdige farashin farantin masana'antu tare da jimlar yanki na 29 M2 da tsawo na 150 mm. Kudaden don kankare - $ 335, farashin ƙwararru H75 - $ 400, ƙarfafa - $ 235, ayyukan crane $ 135. A sakamakon haka, muna samun adadin $ 970. Irin wannan farashin zai zama ko don samar da slab dama a gareji, wato, sana'a ce ta kasance a kankare.

Idan slabs na mamaye shi da hannayensu a duniya, farashin abin da ya gabata zai kasance ɗan rahusa, muna cire farashin zanen gado na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Jimlar zai juya $ 705.

Wanda aka tattara-monolithic overlaps (smp) tare da nasu hannayensu

An tsara Serm na Tzhbs azaman madadin zuwa na katako da kayan monolithic ƙarfafa m playcrete m play plestlow. SMP TZHBS ƙirar ƙira ce, haɗe shi a matakin hawa a cikin daskararren abin da ya mamaye shi.

Kyakkyawan fasalin SMP Tzhbs shine cewa an yi duk abubuwan da aka kwantar da hankali da mafita. Don samar da SMP da ya dace da tattalin arziƙi, ya kamata a aiwatar da duk abubuwan da aka ambata daga cikin kayan masana'antu a kan kayan aikin zamani.

Abun da SMP Tzhbs

An tattara bene Monolithic tare da:

• Katako na sashe na 2-hanyar da aka yi da damuwa kankare;
• Tubalai masu yawa daga Keramzite dage farawa tsakanin katako;
• Mai karfafa gwiwar kankare hada-hadar laying a cikin m zane.

Abvantbuwan amfãni na smp tzhbs

• Babban ƙarfin, har zuwa 1000 kg / m2.
• Ƙi don yin belin monolithic.
• Babban zafi da rufin sauti.
• Da yiwuwar kwanciya a cikin voids na sadarwa ta injiniya.
• Yawan abubuwa masu yawa a kowace murabba'i mai yawa.
• Yiwuwar hawa hawa tare da hannuwanku.

Dutsen Fasaha SMP

1. Isar da abubuwan smp akan shafin ginin. Motocin motoci ne na r / n aƙalla tan 3.5 tare da crane-manipulator. Jirgin jirgi daya yana ba da isar da kayan don 30 mylup. Ana yin amfani da amfani ta hannu ta hannu ko crane-manipulator.

2. Na'urar ta slab na mamaye da nasu hannuwansu fara da salo na mita 20 akan bango a cikin 70 cm karin aiki da kuma tare da taimakon akalla 10 cm.

3. kwanciya katangar jama'a tsakanin manyan mutane tsakanin kantuna.

4. Gyara matsanancin haske masonry.

5. Yana sanya grid ɗin na ƙarfafa grid a duk yankin na ninka.

6. Zuba monolithic kankare, hada katako da blocks tubalan a cikin tsari guda. Kankare yana haifar da sarari tsakanin murhun m da katako, ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsari mai wuya.

Bambance-bambancen na'urar na iyalai don tattara-Monolithic overlap

A kan smp, Tzhbs, zaku iya sa bebunan kowane nau'in halitta. A matsayin misali, Linetleic da filayen parquet suna la'akari. Jerin yadudduka ana nuna shi a cikin ƙasa zuwa shugabanci sama.

Linoleam bene

1. Yashi Layer tare da kauri na 30 mm.
2. Fiberboard mai laushi tare da kauri na 12 mm.
3. Ruwa mai hana fita daga boba.
4. Ciminti-yashi screed daga alama m 150 40 mm lokacin farin ciki.
5. Jeri Layer na polymer sumunti tare da kauri daga 8 mm.
6. PVC Linoleum a kan wani sauti mai zafi wanda aka sanya a kan bustylate.

Gidan bene

1. Yashi Layer tare da kauri na 30 mm.
2. Kwakwalan katako tare da sashin giciye na 80 × 40 mm, dage farawa tare da fage na 400 mm.
3. Parquet Board 20 mm.

Tsawon lokacin da aka zage shi tare da bene na ƙarshen shine 340 mm (240 mm bene).

Monolithic Slab overlap yi da kanka don gida

Farantin da aka yi amfani da su a gidaje galibi ana yin su ne da kankare. Waɗannan nau'ikan tsarin masana'antar ne da kuka yi kawai kawai kuna buƙatar sanya yadda kawai ake aiwatar da tsarin ginin. Suna da kyawawan kaddarorin aiki, amma akwai wani zaɓi tare da mafi kyawun halaye. Wannan shine slab mai narkewa, kuma ana iya yin hakan da kansa, ba tare da tsari ba daga kamfanoni masu tanadi. Irin wannan murhun ba kawai umarnin girman girma fiye da talakawa karfafa kankare, amma baya bukatar kwarewa ta musamman ko kayan aiki na musamman don kera shi.

Mataki na a kan Topic: Homogenic Linoleum: Mene ne, heterogeneous kwanciya, Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci, Fasaha ta Yuro

Idan aka kwatanta da irin nazarin faranti na kwayar faranti da aka samar a masana'antu, gulmar monolithic yana da fa'idodi da yawa:

• Designirƙirar ba zata sami seams ba, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfi a kai, tunda nauyin a kan kafuwar an rarraba shi a ko'ina, tare da duka farfajiya. Don haka, karkara da amincin ginin yana ƙaruwa.
• Monolithic cika yana sa ya yiwu a yi gwaji tare da shimfidar wuri a cikin gidan, kamar yadda ya dogara kai tsaye ga ginshiƙan. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar kusurwa daban-daban da guntun abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda suke da wuya a zaɓi mutum slags na overlapping. Wannan yana buɗe yanki mai faɗi don ra'ayoyin ƙira.
• A ƙarshe, ƙirar monolithic tana ba ku damar samar da baranda mai lafiya ba tare da wani ƙarin tallafi ba. Irƙira baranda ba ya zama tilas ba, amma mutane da yawa suna so su a gidan ƙasa, don haka me zai hana.

Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ɓataccen Monolithic tare da hannayenku, ba tare da yin hayar ƙaho na ma'aikata ba kuma ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki masu rikitarwa ba. Ya isa ya yi komai a hankali, da kyau kuma cikin aminci da aminci. Bugu da kari, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan inganci don wurarenku.

Fararen na'urar Monolith

Don yin farantin monolithic, kuna buƙatar zane. Duk wani shiri ya fara da makirci da lissafi. Zai fi kyau a yi oda a ofishin gina, amincewa da lissafin kwararru. Sakamakon zai gaya mani abin da ya kamata ya zama ƙimar farantin da ya dace da aikin farantin, wanda ke ƙarfafa kayan kwalliya don shi don zaba kuma wanda ya fi dacewa da kayan da ake ciki shine mafi kyawun amfani. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin cika duk ƙididdigar da kanka da mahimmanci, akwai shirye-shirye akan Intanet don abin da wannan aikin yake. Gidan talakawa na ƙasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da sparit of 12 miters, wanda ya dace da daidaitattun masu girma dabam da kuma kauri daga 180 zuwa 200 mm, wannan shine mafi girman girma.

Don ƙera sabon monolithic slab, za a buƙaci kayan da ke gaba:

• Karfe Fittings da ciwon diamita 10, ko, azaman zaɓi, 12 mm da na'urar lanƙwasa don shi.
• Kankare tare da alamar M 350. Hakanan zaka iya yin maganin kankare kanka, hadawa yashi, ciminti da ruble.
• Tsarin tsari da tallafi don goyan bayan ta, zaku buƙaci tallafi guda a kowace murabba'in mita.
• Filastik filastik a ƙarƙashin sake ƙarfafa kayan aiki don gyarawa.

Ba dole ba ne tsari na allura ba lallai ne ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa da ake yi da su ba:

• Idan da ake ciki na ginin ya fi na mita 7 mita ko kuma aikin da ba a nuna ba da tallafi don ginshiƙai, dole ne kuyi lissafi na slab slab.
• Mataki na farko shine sanya tsari don fara aiki.
• Ana sake kunna murhun tare da sandunan ƙarfe waɗanda aka yiwa firam ɗin.
• Kankare da aka zuba.
• Ta amfani da mai zurfi, an yi hatimi don haɓaka ƙarfi.

Bayan tsayi bangon ya isa matakin da ake so, zaku iya ci gaba da ƙirƙirar slab na mamayewar.

Shigar da tsari

Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi a cikin ginin wani lokaci ana kiransa deck, kuma yana da shi ne cewa ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar murhu. Zaku iya yin hayan da aka shirya kawai, cirewa, wanda aka yi da karfe ko filastik. Hakanan zaka iya sanya shi kanka daga allon ko zanen plywood. Tabbas, haya ya fi sauƙi saboda ana cirewa kuma mai karfafa gwiwa, sabili da haka ana iya cire shi sauƙi. Bugu da kari, yana da na'urar telescopic, wanda ke ba ka damar daidaita tsawo.

Don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan da hannu da hannu kuna buƙatar ɗaukar zanen plywood ko allon. Abubuwan da aka yi da aka yi da allon suna buƙatar yin yaƙi da kyau, a hankali keɓaɓɓen sassan katako. Idan ramuka da ramuka sun kasance, kuna buƙatar amfani da fim ɗin hana ruwa ta hanyar juya tsarin tsari.

Yadda za a Sanya Formork?

• Da farko kuna buƙatar gina tallafin a tsaye. Idan yana da tsari na tsari, ana yin aikinsu ta hanyar rakunan ƙarfe tare da tsarin daidaitawa na telescopic. Kuna iya ɗaukar rajistan ayyukan katako. Nisa tsakanin racks da aka yi amfani da shi shine mita ɗaya. Dole ne a cire racks daga bango aƙalla don nesa na 20 cm.
• Ana saka riguna a saman kayan racks ɗin da aka shigar - waɗannan sandunan da ke tafe na musamman da ake buƙata don gudanar da tsari.
• A kan rassan za a locke wani bene na flywood, mai tsayayya da danshi. Ya kamata a sake farawa a kwance a cikin bango kusa, ba tare da barin ramuka ba.
• A saman gefen zane da aka yi amfani da shi ya zama daidai da wurin da ke gefen bango na bango, don haka ya zama dole don daidaita tsawo na racks zuwa matakin yarda.
• Wajibi ne a bincika wuri da sarari ta amfani da matakin ginin.

A wasu halaye, an rufe formoration don dacewa an rufe shi da fim tare da kaddarorin hana ruwa ko sanya shi tare da mai sarrafa motoci idan aka yi karfe. An yi shi ne don sauƙaƙe cirewar tsari da kuma sanya farfajiya na ƙwararrun ƙayyadadden da aka samu a zahiri. Abubuwan da aka yi harkar haya sun fi dacewa fiye da na gidajen itace, saboda suna iya yin tsayayya da nauyi masu nauyi - har zuwa tan 2, ba su fashe, ba sa faruwa ba, ba su iya faruwa tare da goyon baya na gida. Rental na ɗan lokaci na irin wannan racks yana kashe kusan 3 y. e. Daya murabba'i.

Mataki na kan batun: Balcony hade tare da daki: Cikakken bayani don karamin gida

Farantin mantuwa

Lokacin da aka shigar da ƙarfe ko kayan aikin da aka yi, yana buƙatar dangantaka da tsarin grid ɗin ƙarfafa. Don yin wannan, ana iya amfani da sandunan ƙarfe na ƙarfe yi ado da A-500C. Girman kwayar halitta na sakamakon gurbata ya zama kimanin 200 mm. Ana haɗa tafkunan amfani da amfani. Yawanci, sandunan ba su isa ba duk sarari, don haka dole ne ku haɗa guda guda. Saboda haka Grid yake m, ya zama dole don ninka lu'ulu'u na akalla 40 mm.

Dole ne a sanya grid din a jikin bangon, al'ada don tsarin tubali shine 150 mm kuma ƙari, don bangon da aka yi da mmated - ba kasa da 250 mm. Tsakanin yana iyakance daga cikin sandunan da aka jera da kayan aikin da yakamata ya kasance nesa da 25 mm.

Additionarin karfafa farantin na nan gaba yana da yawa ta amfani da ingantaccen tsarin firts. Gilashin an yi su biyu, wanda yake ƙasa a ƙasa, yana da kyau a nesa, ɗayan Grid, an sanya shi a ƙasa 20-25 mm daga saman gefen farantin.

A ƙarƙashin tayalan tayal, an sa clamps daga filastik don riƙe shi a nesa nesa. Suna cikin karuwa na mita 1, a waɗancan wuraren da ke tsallakan tsarin tsarin Rod ne.

Jimlar kauri an riga an lissafta shi a cikin rabo na 1:30, inda takaddar farko ta ke nufin kauri daga cikin samfurin nan gaba, kuma na biyu shine tsawon lokacin. Misali, idan daidaitaccen yanayin shine mita 6, to, nisa na farantin zai zama daidai 200 mm. Tun da karfafa gawar grid ɗin suna fitowa ne a saman gefuna na farantin, to, suna buƙatar raba shi a tsakaninsu da mm na 120-130 mm.

Ana buƙatar tsayar da 'yan bindiga don tsarma grid ɗin da aka sanya a cikin firam a nesa. Girman girman shelves na tsayin tsayin ya zama 350 mm, yayin da aka saita tsarin mita 1, ana saita tsayayyen abubuwa a cikin tsari na Checker, a madadin.

An sanya ƙarshen kulle a cikin zane tare da mataki na 400 mm, kai tsaye a ƙarshen firam. Tare da shi, murhun zai dogara da bango.

Haɗin Grid yana buƙatar grids biyu don ɗaukar nauyin azaman na'urar ƙarfafa guda ɗaya. Mataki yayin shigarwa ya kamata ya zama 400 mm, kuma juya zuwa yankin tallafi, ya zama dole a yanke shi har zuwa 200 mm.

Zuba farantin

Zaɓin mafi kyau shine don siyan madaidaicin kankare a masana'anta, daga kamfanonin ƙwararrun ƙwararru da ke tsayar da kayayyaki don ginin. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe aikin. Bugu da kari, idan ka kasance da kyau ka zuba kankare kuma daga mahautsini, farfajiya na farantin zai zama mai santsi da m. Amma masu zubing Daular zai buƙaci hutu da ba makawa saboda lokacin dafa sabon yanki na turɓayar tutoci, bi da bidi'a zai tafi ba a ba da izini ba, wanda ke barazanar parks da aka gama. Zai fi kyau cika tare da m Layer, kimanin 200 mm, aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Kafin aiwatar da cika tare da kankare, dole ne ku manta don kafa akwatunan fasaha na musamman a cikin tsari, an yi nufin ƙirƙirar chimneys ko iska. Bayan cika, kuna buƙatar amfani da mai zurfi na musamman don kankare. Wannan zai sanya tsarin slab ya more more m, saboda haka zai zama abin dogaro da inganci. Sannan kuna buƙatar yin haƙuri kuma ku bar yadiri a farfajiya don bushe da samun ƙarfi a lokacin tsawon kwanaki 28.

A bayan tsari na tsari, kana buƙatar saka idanu a hankali na farko bayan cike da rigar shi da ruwa mai sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda shine kawai a zuba kawai. Za'a iya cire formork a hankali daga wata daya bayan cika. Bayan haka, sabon farantin monolithic zai shirya shiri sosai.

Jimlar kudin kayan da na'urori da suka wajaba don samun mamayewar Monolithic, a matsayin mai mulkin, da yiwuwar satar tsari, siyan kankare da na ɗan gajeren lokaci kazalika da mai zurfi. A kan matsakaita kimantawa, kimanin 45-55 Cu an samu. Murabba'in murabba'i na abin da aka gina.