An dogara da tushe na son samun komai ba tare da banda ba. Kuma daya daga cikin abin dogara da abin da ya fi tsinkaya shi ne bel. Amma gidajen bel na monolithic na Monolithic an gina shi tsawon lokaci: kawai a kan taron sifofin forming daga kwana uku, har ma har zuwa saƙa da kuma jira aan 'yan kwanaki har sai ya sami akalla rabin ƙarfin. Zai ɗauki aƙalla makonni biyu ko uku. Da kyau, idan akwai irin wannan ajiyar lokaci, kuma idan ba haka ba? Akwai wata hanya: mutane masu hankali sun zo da wani ɓangare na aikin don canja wuri zuwa kamfanin - akwai ƙafar kankare - FBS. Daga cikin wadannan, an kira wani tushe, wanda ake kira - bel din band. Kafuwar daga FBBs mai sauki ne don sanya kanka.
A lokacin da amfani da irin wannan fasaha, an tattara harsashin ginin daga karfafa kankare na daban-daban da girma dabam. Sabili da haka, ana kiran shi da yawa toshe ko ƙungiyar. Duk wannan nau'in iri ɗaya ne.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Mafi mahimmanci da yawa na tarin bel ɗin tarin daga FBS shine ƙaramar albarkatun lokacin da ya zama dole don masana'anta. Majalisar ta dauki kwanaki kadan.
Babban hasara: ba monolithic, sabili da haka yana yiwuwa a sanya ko'ina kuma ba koyaushe ba. A yadda aka saba akwai ribbons daga tubalan a kan bushe, ba karkatar da ƙasa da ƙasa. A karkashin sauran yanayi, ana buƙatar lissafin, kuma mafi kyau - ƙwararru.
Gidauniyar Buga Gidauniyar
Ya kamata a lura cewa dole ne a lura da tushe mai prefabricated da kyau a hankali da infulated. Hakanan dole ne su zama dole su yi hutu mai waraya. Waɗannan sune yanayin da ake buƙata don aikin su na al'ada.
Idan muka kwatanta da kintinkiri monolithic da toshe Gidauniyar, to, irin wannan hoto an gano:
- Monolithic an gina dogon lokaci, toshewa - da sauri.
- Za'a iya yin ribb ɗin Monoliyanci ba tare da haya kayan kyauta (kodayake yana da wuya a yi ba tare da umarnin kankare ba). Don tattara tushe daga fbs tare da hannayensu, kuna buƙatar yin ruwan fashewar, ko aƙalla winch.
- Idan ka yi ginin da kanka, to yana da rahusa fiye da toshe. Idan ma'aikatan da aka yi hayar ko aikin da aka yi hayar, zai yi tsada, maimakon, mafi tsada: girman aikin ya fi, kuma waɗannan sune ƙarin farashi.
- Monolith ya fi dawwama fiye da ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ƙarfi shine kusan 20-30% mafi girma. Wannan yana ba shi damar amfani da kintinkiri na monolithic akan loam da yumbu.
A hanyoyi da yawa, da tef monolithic tef. Amma idan ƙarfinsa da amincin sa ba za su iya nema ba, to, masana'antar ce kawai a cikin asara lokaci. Lokacin da 'yan kwangila masu aiki, wannan kuma bata da kuɗi. Saboda ƙasa suna da ƙarfin aiki na al'ada, da ruwa na ƙasa ba kusa da mita 2 daga zurfin kafuwar, yana da ma'ana a sanya gidan a gidauniyar ƙasa.
Tubalan tushe: Nau'in, girma, Alamar
A cikin gini mai zaman kansa, ana amfani da nau'ikan katanga da yawa. Don na'urar ta kafuwar tef ɗin Styef mafi sau da yawa suna amfani da nau'ikan biyu kawai:
- FBS yanki ne na tushe. Gina mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da suke magana game da irin wannan toshe na toshe, ana nuna shi, karfafa kankare (tare da karfafa) kashi ba tare da voids ba. Waɗannan ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar launuka iri-iri ne masu girma dabam, suna hawa madaidaiciya hannayen karfe a saman farfajiya. Wani lokaci a gefen bangarorin, tashoshin tashoshin tsaye, waɗanda ke ambaliyar ruwa da mafita. Daga cikin wadannan toshe, ana tattara kayan gas na tushe.
- FL - Tubalan Tubalan. Da nau'in trapezium. Zauna a kan tattalin tsari da aka shirya kuma ba za su ƙara ƙaruwa da kawo tushe na tushe ba.
Nau'in ginin harsashin ginin da za'a buƙata don tarin gidajen bel din
Lokacin da kafa gidauniyar bel, wajibi ne don samar da waƙoƙi don kwanciya da kuma taƙaita tsarin injiniyan: samar da ruwa, sewers, wutar lantarki, masu dumama. Kada ku manta game da tsarin iska kuma ku bar ramuka a ƙarƙashin samfurin don yin bar iska ta shiga cikin sararin samaniya ko ginin ƙasa. Don wannan, toshe tare da tashar don kwanciya sadarwa na iya zama da amfani: fb.
Girman girma da nau'ikan tubalan suna mulkin ta 13579-78. Ga mahimmancin mai haɓakawa, girman da halaye na aiki suna da mahimmanci. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna wani ɓangare na ma'aunin abin da nau'ikan da kuma masu girma dabam da aka ƙaddara.
Bayyanar daga cikin ruwan sama, al'ada girman tubalan tushe
Alamar bisa ga Gens
Don sauƙaƙa amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, a cikin sunayen sunayen allo guda na yana da bayani game da girman su da nau'in su.
Tattaunawar farko. Na gaba - adadi da ke bayyana lissafi a cikin Decimeters ;.
- na farko - tsawon (9, 12,24);
- Na biyu (ta hanyar dash ko aya) shine nisa (3,4,5);
- Na uku - tsayi (3.6);
Alamar Tubalan Kotun Kafofin Kafofin Kasa
Idan akwai tsayi da nisa, tsayin FRB shine yawanci 580 mm (a cikin alamar "6"). Yi toshe tare da tsawo na 280 mm na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin tsari.
Bayan haka, bayan alkalumma akwai haruffa tsara nau'in nau'in kankare:
- T ne (cakuda cakuda cakuda tare da ruble). Mafi wuya naúrar girma. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in a cikin ginin tushe.
- P - mai kyau tare da tara kererzitobetone. Da karami mai nauyi, amma kuma karancin karfi, shima karin hygroscopic.
- C - daga silicate kankare (asali ne mai ban sha'awa - lemun tsami). Wannan nau'in tubalan yana jin tsoron rigar, saboda ba a amfani dashi a cikin ginin tushe.
Misali, FBS 24.4.6 An yanke -t -t: wani rectangular toshe na babban yawa karfafa karfafa kankare. Tsawon 2380 mm, nisa 400 mm, tsawo 580 mm. Ta hanyar analogy, zaku iya fahimtar mahimmin zane.
Masu girma dabam na FRBs toshe gwargwadon GOST
Kwanciya na fom tubalan
Zaɓin faɗuwar faɗar shine saboda kauri daga bangon bango wanda yake sama. Tsawon katafar an zaba shi saboda su zauna, idan za ta yiwu, gaba daya tef. Amma har ma da gogewa da magini a cikin zaɓin tlocks ba kuskure ne: wasu wuraren da ba su da rinjaye sun kasance, wanda har ma da ƙananan abubuwa ba sa zama (ana kiran su da kyau). Wadannan rukunin yanar gizo suna kusa da tubalin tururuwa. Idan masonry ya zama mara daidaituwa, to, yana plastering: zai fi dacewa a yi amfani da ruwa da rufi.
Yawanci, tattara Beld Beld ya ƙunshi layuka da yawa. Adireshinsu na musamman ya dogara da girman da ake buƙata na tef. Sau da yawa ana dage farawa a ƙasa zurfin ƙasa. Hakanan la'akari da matsayin mahimmancin tushe.
FASAHA BIYU BATSA. A lokacin da kwanciya da tubalan-matashin kai, wasu yankuna sun kasance fanko. An haɗa su bayan shigarwa
Lokacin shigar da tubalan kankare na kowane irin, ana amfani da wannan doka kamar yadda tubalin yana kwanciya: seams kada ta yi daidai. A saboda wannan, an sanya su ne domin tekun layin da ya gabata ya mamaye dutsen jikin a cikin Row. A halin yanzu (a tsaye a tsaye) tsakanin tsayawa kusa da abubuwan da aka cika da maganin ciminti-yashi.
Don bayar da ƙirar mafi girma kuma ga jijiya na duk abubuwan da ke cikin tsari guda ɗaya, ana tsinkaye abubuwa akan kowane layi. Ya danganta da nau'in ƙasa da nauyin ginin, aji na ruwa a-ni - ana amfani da A-iii. Yawan sandunan da aka ƙaddara da ƙirar lokacin da ƙira, zasu iya zama daga guda 2 zuwa 5. A lokacin da kwanciya da haɗa mashaya, duk ka'idojin karfafa gwiwar gyaran ribbon an cika shi da ɗaure kusancin kusurwa, saukaka yana faruwa a wannan tsarin. Bambancin kawai shine cewa ƙarfafa bel ɗin ɗaya ne. A saman bel ɗin mai ta ƙarfafa, an saita mafita, a kanta, tare da yin hijira na seams, ana saita tursasawa masu zuwa.
Don nemo gidauniyar daga FBBs tare da hannayensu, an ƙarfafa shi
Dangane da waɗannan ka'idodin, Gidauniyar belin tarin zai zama mai dorewa kuma abin dogara.
Za mu gina tushe daga fbs tare da hannuwanku
Fasaha ta gina ginin ƙasa, musamman a matakin shiri, ba ya bambanta sosai da sauran nau'ikan: na farko digging da knob. Bambanci a cikin ƙaramin aiki mai ƙarfi na kera kan tef da kanta kuma shi ne cewa ba lallai ba ne don yin tsari.
Shirye-shiryen gindin kafa shingen Block:
- An cire wani ƙasa mai daƙar ƙasa, an fitar dashi ko adana shi a shafin.
- Abu na gaba ya zo sarkup. Idan an samar da ginshiki a cikin gidan, an sanya shinge idan ginshiki ba - an sanya tef ɗin. Alamar an yi ta amfani da cregs da igiyoyi. Ana bikin tef a bangarorin biyu, yana nuna faɗin bango.
- Na gaba sune aikin ƙasa. An cire ƙasa zuwa matakin da aka shirya.
- Kasan ramin ko lilin da aka daidaita da pre-tram.
A lokacin da taro tubalan, kar ka manta ka bar ramuka don tsarin injiniya: karya harsashin ba a yarda
- The Layer yashi ko ruble yana barci kuma yana trambed da kyau ta amfani da vibroplitites. Tace jagora ba zai ba da hatimin da ake buƙata ba. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da faranti masu tsawanta. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙasa ba ta da girma sosai. Irin wannan aiki mai sauƙi, azaman sandar yashi mai sanyaya-rami mai santsi, yana ba da damar haɓaka mahimmanci.
- Biyu yadudduka na ruwa da aka tsallake a kan gindi da aka compacted.
- Shigar Gidauniyar Tuban-matashin kai Flow. An shimfida su a kwance a sararin sama. Duba daidaitaccen wurin da matakin ginin ko matakin. Gibs tsakanin su suna cike da maganin ciminti-yashi.
- An yiwa karfafa gwiwa, a saman mafita Layer na akalla 2-3 cm.
- An sanya fbs da aka sanya tubalan tare da watsi da SeAM. Babu Junction ya kamata ta yi daidai. Mafi karancin gudun hijira shine 0.4 tsawo na toshe. Idan FBBs yana amfani da tsayin 580 mm, to, kashe na dole ya fi Mm 240 mm.
- Idan akwai wani jeri na toshe, da okopoyas ya sake dagewa da mafita a kanta.
- Har ila yau, katangar kuma nuna gudun hijira na seams.
Yawan layuka ya dogara da girman da ya wajaba daga gindi da kuma zurfin ribbon. Yin dokoki don kwanciya toshe tare da ligation. Sai kawai don tattara harsashin daga fbs tare da hannayenku, zaku sami ingantaccen tushe don tsarin duka.
Yadda ake sa fbs
A kowane jere, kwanciya tana farawa da sasanninta. Sannan aka nuna katangar a cikin wuraren cire maniyyi. Ana kiransu bacon, kuma a kansu sunã daidaita. An bincika ɗimbin nunin nunin su, ana gyara shi idan ya cancanta. Mafi sau da yawa, dole ne a tashe katangar sake, motsa kuma saka a wuri.
Bayan abubuwan da ake tayin sun bayyana, an bayyana maana masarufi - igiyoyi waɗanda suke daidaita su lokacin shigar da tubalan. Sun lura da iyakokin bango, domin FBBs sun tsaya mai ƙima da gungunnuwa da tsakiyar dutsen da ke ciki (matashin kai). Matsakaicin daidaitawa - 12 mm. Dukkanin layuka na gaba na tubalan ruwa suma suna iya bayyana daidai sama da tsakiya.
A lokacin da kwanciya toshe, ya zama dole a tabbatar cewa sun dace da ɗayan ba tare da babban ba
Igiyoyi sun fi dacewa a shimfiɗa a cikin 2-3 mm daga gefen saman shinge na tubalan fitila. Zai zama da sauƙi a nuna. An nuna shinge na tsakait daga mafi girma: da farko sanya komai tare da tsawon mita 2.4, sannan 1.2 sannan 0.9. Daidaitawar shigarwa ana gwada shi da dangi mai nuna alama, a tsaye - bututun.
Yadda za a zabi girman FITS Tubalan
Eterayyade nawa katange kuke buƙatar tushe, zaku iya zuwa zaɓi. Kuna iya yin shi akan kanku akan sikelin da aka zana akan sikelin. A kan shirin da kake aika da kowane toshewa akan sikelin guda.
Zaɓi girman toshe don tushe daga FBBs, dangane da mai sauƙi na: don ƙara ƙarfin ƙirar, kuna buƙatar amfani da masu girma dabam. Saboda haka, da farko zana toshe mita 2.4 a cikin sasare, to, idan an sanya su, ku zana su a wuraren ci gaba da sauki. Tsakanin su, kuma, sanya manyan tubalan da zasu iya dacewa a can. Inda ba su zama ba, sanya ƙaramin girma. Idan wasu lokuta suna kasancewa cikin abin da ko da ƙananan block (0.9 mita) ba a sanya shi ba, bai isa ba - waɗannan gibin suna cike da tubalin Masonry.
Abubuwa biyu na tushe na bel ɗin farko daga FBBs - tare da matashin kai da ba tare da (tef mai kyau-tef na asali)
Haka kuma, zana jere na biyu, ba manta game da yin hijira na seams ba. Idan ya cancanta, a cikin wannan hanyar zana na uku. Sannan ka yi la'akari da adadin adadin da ake buƙata na kowane size. Sakamakon shirin bai jefa ba: zai zama da amfani a gare ku lokacin shigar da ginin ƙasa wanda ya gabata a shafin.
Fass monry maganin
Don kwanciya da toshe shinge, daidaitaccen ciminti-yandy M-100 ana amfani dashi. Ana iya samun sa ta amfani da ciminti daban-daban da adadin yashi:
- A ɓangaren 1 na siminti m300 ya ɗauki sassan yashi 2.5 na yashi;
- A kan 1 sashe na ciminti m400 yashi ya rigaya 3 sassa;
- Lokacin amfani da yashi M500, an cushe sassa 4.
Da farko cakuda kayan bushewa kafin karban hade da launi da launi. Sannan a hankali 0.5 sassa na ruwa ana ƙara. Idan an samo mafita da kauri mai kauri, ruwa a hankali ya faɗi a cikin ƙananan rabo. Daidaitawa ya kamata ya zama kamar kirim mai tsami: ba ckin, amma kada su gudana.
Karka yi kokarin kara yawan ciminti. Wannan ba wai kawai ya kara karfin kankare ba, yayin da kake tsammani, kuma zai rage yawa. Don saita sansanin soja na kankare, yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen adadin adadin mai filler (a wannan yanayin yashi) da ruwa. Tare da rashin wannan / ko wasu, ƙarfinta zai zama ƙasa. A cikin mummunan yanayin, zai fasa da crumble.
Mataki na kan batun: labulen don bayar da hannayensu - Zaɓuɓɓuka masu sauƙi