Idan da farko lokacin shigar da samar da ruwa, dinki, da ƙarfe kawai ko jefa bututun ƙarfe a koyaushe lokacin gudanar da gas. Sauran hanyoyin kawai ba. A yau, samfuran daga polymers ana ƙara amfani da shi, kuma, musamman bututun pipy. Suna ƙara bincika analogs na ƙarfe daga kasuwa, da duk godiya zuwa ƙaramin farashi, sauƙi a cikin wurare dabam dabam, aiki na dogon lokaci. Polari Pe Pole yana ƙara sauƙi na shigarwa - akwai abubuwan da aka shigar da hannu. Ya dace sosai, alal misali, tare da na'urar samar da ruwa ko tsarin shayarwa a cikin ƙasar.
Bututun polyethylene ciyawar ruwa yana tafiya cikin sauƙi, sauƙaƙe, yana buƙatar kulawa
Kaddarorin, mutunci, mutunci,
Ana amfani da bututun polyethylene don jigilar ruwa da abubuwa masu haɓakawa. A cikin wallafe-wallafen Zaka iya biyan dalabi da aka sauyawa: A cikin Sigar Rasha ta kasance, a cikin ƙasa - x don strosted polyethylene.
Suna da kyawawan kaddarorin:
- Abubuwan da ke cikin tsaka tsaki ne, ba ya amsa ko da hydrochloric acid. Godiya ga waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin ayyukan masana'antu.
- Ba da son, babu abubuwa daban, ba sa tasiri da ɗanɗano na ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa. Wannan yana ba su damar amfani da su yayin gina bututun ruwa don abin da aka kewaya ruwa, wanda za'a iya ci.
- Ganuwar ciki na bututun polyethylene suna da santsi, babu abubuwa da aka jinkirta a kansu. Ko bayan shekaru da yawa, ba ajiya a kansu.
Bututun polyethylene na iya zama diami na daban-daban, tare da kauri daban-daban
- Ganuwar santsi suna da juriya na ruwa. Thesectionarancin tsayayya - matatun mai ƙarfi don yin famfo ana buƙata, ƙarancin wutar lantarki ana kashe wutar lantarki.
- Rai a karkashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun - kimanin shekaru 50. Amma wannan adadi yana raguwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki ko matsin lamba.
- A sauƙaƙewa, mai nauyi kaɗan, kwanciyar hankali a cikin shigarwa.
- Kada ku yi nufin igruna, kar a corrod.
- Tubes polyethylene tare da diamita na har zuwa 160 mm za'a iya haɗa shi ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. An sanya su kawai ba tare da wani kayan aiki ba, wanda ya dace da "yanayin filin", alal misali, a cikin ƙasar. Manyan diamita suna welded tare da kayan aiki na musamman, amma galibi ana amfani dasu a masana'antu.
Fitar Matsakaici don bututun polyethylene ana karkatar da kawai a shafin haɗin
- Polyethylene baya kashe sauti. Don haka irin wannan bututun ko tsarin dumama shine "shuru".
- Farashin polyethylene bututun mai da 30-40% kasa da irin karfe.
- Tuni mafi ƙarancin ruwa ko tsarin mai dumama yana da sauƙi don yin alƙawari. A wurin da ya dace, an yanke bututun, an saita dacewa da ake so wanda aka sa wanda za'a iya haɗa kowane ɗayan.
Kyakkyawan saitin kaddarorin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa bututun polyethylene yana ƙara zama sananne. Amma saboda babu abin mamaki, kuna buƙatar sanin kasawarsu. Ba su da yawa, amma suna da muhimmanci sosai.
- Polyethylene yana ƙonewa, kuma ya bambanta abubuwa masu cutarwa yayin mulkin.
- Rauni na rauni zuwa ultraanolet. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar rana, kayan ya zama mai rauni da rauni. Amma wannan cuta ba ta ƙarƙashin bututun polyethylene, ne waɗanda suka kasance kwanan nan na tallace-tallace.
- Babban zazzabi yana kara sau 10 fiye da karfe. Don hana wannan hasara, an saita biyan diyya.
- Lokacin da daskarewa ruwa a cikin bututun, polyethylene na iya karyewa. Saboda haka, lokacin amfani da bututun polyethylene don shirya samar da ruwa mai zaman kansa ko infora, an ɗora shi a sama, ana amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin dumama (sanye da kebul).
Waɗannan duka kafirci ne. Yanzu game da iri. Ta hanyar samar da akwai nau'ikan bututu guda uku:
- babban matsin lamba;
- karamar matsin lamba;
- Daga polyetchylen polyethylene (sau da yawa ja, kamar yadda yawancin lokuta da aka yi amfani da su don kwanciya tsarin dumama da dhs).
Stitetched Polyethylene yana canja wurin jigilar mahalli na mahalli
A cikin wadannan sunayen, wani muhimmi comatox ya ta'allaka ne. Lokacin da suke magana game da babban ko ƙarancin bututun polyethylene, suna nufin hanyar samar da su. Amma sau da yawa ana samunsa azaman yanki na amfani. Da gaske, wannan hanyar. Bututun da ke samarwa a matsin lamba ba su da yawa. Ana iya amfani dasu kawai don tsarin matsin lamba (ba tare da famfo ba). Don tsarin samar da matsi na matsi, an yi su, amma ƙarfin an yi shi ne a kuɗin kauri. Tare da kauri na yau da kullun na bangon, yankin su na amfani dashi shine tsintsiya, lambobin ruwa, lavety, da sauransu. Anan ingancin su shine mafi kyau duka.
A cikin matsin lamba bututun, inda babban matsin lamba, ƙarancin matsin lamba polyethylene ana amfani da shi. Sun fi karfi amma, a lokaci guda, mafi rauni, ya buge sosai. Wannan kuma ba kyau sosai. Amma suna tsayayya da mahimmancin matsin lamba ba tare da wata lahani ba. Kuma har yanzu dole ne in faɗi cewa duka nau'ikan bututun polyethylene sun dace kawai ruwan sanyi - ba za su iya narke ba, zasu iya narke.
Ana amfani da bututun pelyethylene Polyethylene lokacin da ake amfani da ƙasa mai ɗumi.
Amma nau'in na uku an yi shi da polyethylete - wannan zaɓi ne tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, sassauƙa. Babban matsin lamba (har zuwa 20 atm) da yanayin zafi har zuwa + 95 ° C suna da yawa irin waɗannan samfuran, da kuma tsarin dumama. Af, irin wannan nau'in polymer suna sa bututun ƙarfe-filastik. Koyaya, akwai "amma" - wannan nau'in ba a welded. A lokacin da shigar da bututun daga stitted polyethylene, ana amfani da suxings tare da gas. Nau'in Majalisar na biyu shine manne, lokacin da gidajen abinci na abubuwan da aka haɗa suna da alama tare da manne.
Alama da diamita
Tubes polyethylene akasari yawanci baƙi ne ko shuɗi mai haske, daga stitted polyethylene na iya samun launin ja mai haske. Suna fenti da yawa - don sauƙaƙa bambanta da za a bambanta da sauran polymers. Za'a iya amfani da rawaya mai shuɗi a jikin bango, idan an tsara shi don ruwan sanyi, rawaya, idan ana amfani dashi don bututun gas. Tsarin saki yana cikin Bays tare da tsawon mita 20 zuwa 50 (yawanci ƙananan diamita) da yanki na mita 12 (ko tsawon da ake so ta yarjejeniya).
Misali na ƙayyadaddun fasahar fasaha pe
Motsi na bututun polyethylene sun bambanta a cikin kewayon da yawa - daga 20 mm zuwa 1200 mm. Ana amfani da ƙananan samfuran ƙananan (har zuwa 40 mm) don bututun ruwa da kuma tsarin dumama a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, dumama da tsarin dumama. Manyan takaran diamita sun riga sun riga sun kasance cikin samarwa. Ga gidaje masu zaman kansu da gidaje ba a amfani dasu.
Yawan polyethylene
Don masana'anta na bututu, ana amfani da polyethylene daban-daban. Yana nuna yawan lambobin da suke tsaye bayan canzawa:- Pe32 - ya fara farko, yana da mafi ƙasƙanci. A yau, don samar da bututun bututu ba a amfani da su ba.
- Pea6 - yana da nisa mai nisa tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin, wanda shine dalilin da yasa matsa lamba ta tsallake, na iya karye. Wayar cututtukan ciki - wirope na ciki a cikin tsarin da ba matsin lamba (na ruwa na ruwa, da sauransu), lokaci-lokaci a sa a cikin gidajen samar da ruwa a cikin gidan. Daga polymer na wannan nau'in na iya sanya kayan kwance.
- P80 - yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin tsarin samar da ruwan sanyi a cikin gidan da waje, amma tare da m faɗin. Tare da babban kauri bangon, ana iya amfani da bango don dalilai na masana'antu.
- Pe100. A yanzu, bututun daga irin wannan kayan shine mafi dorewa, har ma da mafi wuya. Kuna iya amfani da kowane yanki don jigilar ruwa da gas mai ƙarfi. Alama da aka yi da stroked polyethylene bunsity 100, za a iya amfani da su a cikin wirning ruwan zafi da dumama.
Halayen kwatanci na Pe 80 da Pe 100
Abin da kuma kuma zai iya zama mai ban sha'awa: bututun polyethylene za'a iya karfafa. Gabaɗaya, ana samarwa ta hanyar lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa - a cikin ƙasa mai laushi - a cikin yanayin ƙasa, kayan yana matse shi ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe, sannan a aika zuwa daidaituwa, inda yake ba da sashin da ake so da girma. A cikin samar da bututun polyethylene, fibers na Capron, polystyrene ko polyvinyl chloride (PVC) suna bincika a cikin bango. Kayan aiki don wannan tsari yana da matukar rikitarwa, sabili da haka farashin karfafa pipees pipe yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Diamita na bututun polyethylene da abin da SDR
A cikin alamar bututun polymer akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci - ana nuna diamita na waje. Amma kauri mai kauri yana canzawa a manyan iyaka, wanda ya sa diamita na ciki ya kamata a lissafa shi - daga waje don ɗaukar kauri biyu. An wajabta kauri a cikin alamar an wajabta bayan jagorancin waje na diamita (yawanci saka * ko alamar "x"). Misali: 160 x 14.6. Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan bututun yana da waje na waje na 160 mm, kauri katuwar shine 14.6 mm. Zaka iya kirga diamita na ciki na bututun polyethylene: 160 mm - 14.6 mm * 2 = 130.8 mm.
Duk da haka a cikin alamar akwai canji SDR da wasu lambobi. Lambobin sune rabo daga diamita na waje zuwa kauri. Wannan mai nuna alamar yana nuna ƙarfin bangon bango da kuma ƙarfinsu na yin tsayayya da tsalle-tsalle.
Menene bututun SDR
Mafi karami mai nuna alamar SDR, mafi dorewa (amma kuma mai nauyi) bututu ne. Gaskiya ne, wannan gaskiyane a cikin samfuran guda ɗaya. Misali, Pe 80 SDR11 ya fi dorewa fiye da PE 80 SDR 17.
| Suna Pe Pepe | Halaye | Yankin aikace-aikacen |
|---|---|---|
| Pe 63 SDR 11 | Ƙananan yawa, rashin haƙuri da yawan zafin jiki | Pipel na ciki na ciki |
| PND PE-63 SDR 17.6 | Komawa 18599-2001 (2003), matsi ba ya fi 10 atm | Bututun ruwa na ciki tare da ƙarancin matsin lamba don kwararar ruwan sanyi |
| Pe 80 SDR 13.6 | Yawancinsu sun fi girma, amma za a tura bambance-bambance na zazzabi da kyau. | Bututun ruwa don samar da ruwan sanyi, tsarin ruwa |
| Pe 80 SDR 17 | Da yawa ya fi girma, amma zazzabi saukad da | Bututun ruwa duka biyu a cikin ɗakuna da waje, yana hana tsarin matsin lamba |
| Pe 100 SDR 26 | Babban yawa, ikon ɗaukar bambance bambance na zazzabi | Duk wani fasali don jigilar ruwa (ruwa, madara, ruwan lemo, da sauransu) |
| Pe 100 SDR 21 | Yawan kauri | Duk wani bututu, ciki har da gas |
| Pe 100 SDR 17 | Karuwar kauri bangon, har ma da babban taro | Sau da yawa ana amfani da dalilai na tabbatarwa |
| Pe 100 SDR 11 | Low matsin lamba polyethylene, babban ƙarfi, karuwar juriya | Ana iya amfani dashi lokacin shigar da masu tattara kaya, haɗu a kowane nau'in ƙasa |
Jerin bututu da kuma matsin lamba
Na gaba sigogi wanda zai iya fushi idan zabar jerin. Yana nuna harafin s, lambobi. Nuna ƙarar bango don tsayayya da matsi. Wannan shi ne rabo daga wannan matsin lambar da zai iya tsayayya (a bayyane a yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje) ga ma'aikacin. Mafi tayin, da karfi bututu.
Nominal matsin lamba pup na daban-daban na dabam tare da SDR daban-daban
A aikace, ba a daɗe mai nuna alama a cikin asusun, kamar yadda yake mafi "dakin gwaje-gwaje" fiye da ɗaya. Yawancin mafi mahimmanci na iya zama matsin lamba wanda aka ƙididdige bango. Wadannan bayanan an gabatar dasu a hoto da ke sama. Matsin matsin yana kan hanyar shiga cikin ginshiƙai da layin, nuna a cikin yanayi. Misali, pe 80 SDR PIPE 13.6, matsin lamba na PN10 (10 ATM). Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin jigilar masu jarida, zazzabi ba fiye da + 20 ° C da matsi ba fiye da 10 atm, rayuwar wannan bututun shekara 50 ce shekaru 50.
Ka'idodi
Baƙi da ka'idojin masana'antu an inganta su don daidaitaccen samfuran samfurori. Tsarin tsari bisa ga irin wannan kayan ya bayyana ba da daɗewa ba - tuni a cikin shekaru dubu - bayan 2000. Alamar yawanci tana nuna matsayin cewa wannan nau'in samfurin yana da alhakin. Da sunan ɗan kaset ɗin an ƙaddara shi da ikon yin amfani da aikace-aikacen (daga sunayen baƙi), amma giwayen da ba sana'a yana da sauƙin kewaya kasancewar launi (shuɗi - don ruwan sanyi, rawaya - don gas) .
Anan akwai ka'idodi ga Rasha:
- GASKIYA 185999-2001 POSEELD PODs daga polyethylene.
- Na ciki r 50838-2009 bututun polyethylene don bututun gas.
- Gents r-2008 matsin lamba matsa lamba Multi-layered don wadatar ruwa da tsarin dumama.
- Gents 32415-2019 matsi na thermoplastics da haɗa sassa a gare su don samar da ruwa da tsarin dumama. Yanayin fasaha
Hanyoyi don haɗa bututun polyethylene
Akwai ƙa'idodi don Ukraine:
- DSTU B B B.2.7-151: 2008 "bututun polyethylene don samar da ruwan sanyi"
- DSTU B B.2.5-32007 "bututun ba matsin lamba daga polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvylyl masu sarrafa su a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kayan ƙasa da tsari da tsarin katako
- DSTU B B B.2.7-73-98 "bututun polyethylene don samar da gas mai rinjaye"
Idan kuna so, dukkansu za a iya yin nazari. Mafi yawan sashi, sune alluna waɗanda aka nuna duka kewayon samfurin da ke nuna daga sigogi.
Misali na lakabi pepe
Ana amfani da alamar alama ga bututun polyethylene. Ana amfani da bayanan akan kowane mita ko haka. Na farko yana nuna sunan masana'anta, na iya tsayawa alamar kamfen. Wannan alamar ba wajibi bane, amma kyakkyawan alama - kamfanin ba ya tsoron kayan sa.
Misali na lakabi pepe
Biye da:
- Tsarin kayan bututun, a wannan yanayin - pe - polyethylene;
- Yankunan polyethylene - don wannan misali 80;
- Sannan bututun SDr - 11;
- Mai zuwa shine madaidaicin diamita da kauri na bango: 160 mm bututun ruwa na mm 160 na mm, 14.6 mm - bango kauri;
- A cikin matsayi na ƙarshe, Gost ko DSTU, wanda irin bututun ta yi.
Bututun da aka nuna a cikin hoto - don bututun gas, an jaddada sau uku - tare da daidaitattun launuka, da ke cikin ƙasa - 50838-2009 shine ma'aunin waɗanne bututun mai da aka samar .
Mataki na a kan taken: Bene na Galmiya a cikin gidan wanka: Pebbles a cikin ciki