A cikin kwalaye, kamar sauran shigarwa na dumama, ba duk zafi ba, wanda aka sanya shi a lokacin konewa ana amfani da shi. Presty mafi yawan zafi ganye tare da samfuran ƙonewa a cikin yanayi, ɓangaren an ɓace cikin ɓoyayyen gidaje da ƙananan ɓangaren da aka ɓace saboda ƙarancin isarwa. A karkashin metical m hance ne aka fahimta a matsayin asarar zafi saboda gazawa ko haifar da azabtar da ash da barbashi.
Daidaitaccen zafi na tukunyar jirgi shine rarraba zafi wanda aka saki lokacin da mai, don zafi mai amfani da aka yi amfani da shi don manufar ta, kuma a kan asarar zafi, wanda ya faru yayin aikin kayan aikin zafi.
Makirci na babban tushen yanayin zafi.
Darajar girma wanda zai iya kasancewa tare da ƙananan zafi na ƙirar dukkan man fetur a matsayin ƙimar ƙayyadaddun zafi.
Idan ana amfani da mai m ko ruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin tukunyar tafkin, ma'aunin zafi yana cikin kiloi dangi da kowane kilogram na man fetur, dangi da kowane mita na cubic. Kuma a cikin wannan, a wata harka, za a iya bayyana ma'aunin thermal a matsayin kashi.
Daidaitaccen ma'auni na zafi
Matsakaicin ma'aunin zafi na tukunyar tukunyar lokacin da gas za a iya bayyana gas ta hanyar tsari mai zuwa:
Kyakkyawan sigogi masu kyau suna ba da kayan aiki na tsarin dumama.
- QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6;
- Inda Qt shine adadin adadin zafin zafin da aka yi rajista a cikin wutar lantarki.
- Q1 - zafi mai amfani wanda ake amfani dashi don zafi da sanyaya ko kuma ku sami tururi;
- Q2 - asarar zafi, wanda ke tafiya tare da samfuran samfuran;
- Q3 - Halin zafi hade da rashin daidaituwa wanda bai cika ba;
- Q4 - asarar zafi saboda rashin mahimmanci;
- Q5 - Heat asarar ta fuskar boiler da bututu;
- Q6 - Lafiya zafi saboda cire ash da slag daga tanderace.
Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga daidaitaccen ma'aunin yanayin zafi, lokacin da mai cizon ruwa, babu mais na Q4 da Q6 waɗanda halaye ne kawai don daskararrun mai.
Idan an bayyana ma'aunin zafi a matsayin kashi ɗaya na jimlar zafi (QT = 100%), wannan daidaituwa yana ɗaukar fom ɗin:
- 100 = q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6.
Idan kowane memba na daidaita daidaituwar zafi daga hagu da dama aka raba zuwa QT kuma ninka shi ta hanyar 100, sannan ma'aunin zafi zai zama ma'aunin zafi a matsayin kashi na adadin zafi.
- Q1 = q1 * 100 / qt;
- Q2 = Q2 * 100 / QT da sauransu.
Idan ana amfani da ruwa ko man gas a cikin jirgin ruwa, to asarar Q4 da Q6 sun ɓace, daidaituwa na tukunyar tafkin a cikin kashi ɗaya yana ɗaukar fom:
- 100 = q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q5.
Kowane nau'in zafi da daidaituwa ya kamata a yi la'akari.
Zafi da aka yi amfani da shi don manufar (Q1)
Tsarin ƙa'idar aikin aikin mai zafi.
Zafin da aka yi amfani dashi don manufa kai tsaye shine cewa mai ɗaukar zafi yana daɗaɗɗiya akan matsin lamba da zazzabi, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi daga zafin rana mai ruwa. Kasancewar tattalin arziƙi yana ƙara yawan amfani da zafi mai amfani, kamar yadda yake ya yiwu a iya amfani da zafi galibi, wanda yake ƙunshe cikin samfuran samfuran.
Mataki na kan batun: Tsarin Gidan 1-Storey tare da dakuna uku - Zabi wani aiki don dandana
Lokacin da tukunyar jirgin ruwa ta gudana, elatchity da matsa lamba na tururi a ciki yana ƙaruwa. Matsayin tafasasshen ruwa ya dogara da wannan tsari. Idan, a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, tafasasshen ruwan ruwa shine 100 ° C, to lokacin da kuma matsin lamba ya kara, wannan mai nuna yana ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda, da nau'i-nau'i, wanda yake a cikin tukunyar ruwa guda tare da ruwan zãfi, ana kiranta cikakken, da tafasasshen ruwa a wani matsi mai cike da zazzabi.
Idan babu ruwa digo a cikin masu biyu, to ana kiranta busasshen cike jirgin ruwa. A taro rabo na bushe mai laushi mai laushi a cikin wani rigar guda daya shine digiri na bushe na tururi, ya bayyana a matsayin kashi. A cikin masu tururi na tururi, zafi na tururi ya fito daga 0 zuwa 0.1%. Idan zafi ya wuce waɗannan alamun, tukunyar ba ta aiki cikin mafi kyawun yanayi.
Zuwa mai amfani, wanda aka ciyar a kan dumama na 1 l na ruwa daga zazzabi mai tafasa zuwa tafasa kullun, ana kiranta da amfani da ruwa. Heater ta cinye don fassarar 1 l na tafasasshen ruwa zuwa jihar tururi ana kiranta wuta mai zafi na vaporization. Jimlar wadannan alamomi guda biyu shine tushen zafi mai zafi na mai ɗorewa.
Asarar zafi tare da samfuran samfuran (a barin sararin samaniya (Q2)
Wannan nau'in asarar da aka rasa ta nuna bambanci a cikin ikon haƙƙin gas da kuma iska mai sanyi shigar da tukunyar. Tsarin tsari don tantance waɗannan asarar sun banbanta lokacin amfani da nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban.
Gin ƙona mai mai yana haifar da asarar zafi saboda rashin isarwa.
A lokacin da amfani da mashin mai, asarar Q2 shine:
- Q2 = (IG-αg * i) (100-Q4) / qt;
- Inda IG ne mai amfani da gas ɗin da ke gudana cikin sararin samaniya (KJ / KG), IV shine wadataccen iska da ake buƙata don Boiller (KJ / KG).
Ana gabatar da mai nuna alamar Q4 a cikin dabara saboda yakamata ayi la'akari da shi yayin da yake ci da ci 1 kg na mai, kuma ba na 1 kg na mai ya shiga ternace.
A lokacin da amfani da kayan alade ko ruwa mai ruwa, iri ɗaya ne na da ke da fom ɗin:
- Q2 = ((IG-αg * IV) / qt) * 100%.
Asarar zafi tare da gas mai fita dangane da yanayin dumama Boiler da yanayin aiki. Misali, lokacin da aka sanya hannu na man fetur a cikin yanayin zafi na wannan nau'in yana da matukar dacewa saboda lokacin da na biyar na sabo iska iska.
Asarar makamashi mai zafi tare da gudana cikin yanayi tare da gas na hayaki yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki da kuma yawan amfanin iska. Misali, zazzabi na gas da ke gudana cikin yanayi a cikin rashin tattalin arziƙi da iska mai zuwa 250-350 ° C, wanda ke ƙaruwa sau da yawa darajar zafi mai amfani da aka yi amfani da shi.
THEITER STOPICKINGE.
A gefe guda, isasshen zazzabi na samfuran haɓakawa na iya haifar da samuwar tururi mai ruwa, wanda shima yana shafar samuwar kankara akan bututun fure a cikin hunturu.
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Yawan iska mai ɗaukar ciki ya dogara da nau'in mai ƙona da yanayin aiki. Idan an ƙara ƙaruwa da ingantaccen darajar, wannan yana haifar da babban iska a cikin gas mai ƙarewa, wanda ke gaba da ɗaukar nauyin zafi. Wannan tsari ne mai mahimmanci wanda ba za'a iya dakatar da shi ba, amma ana iya kawo shi zuwa ƙananan dabi'u. A cikin hakikanin iska mai gudana ba zai wuce 1.08 ga Burners tare da allurar iska da kuma hade da iska ba 1.15 - don maigon da aka cika tare da hadawa na waje. Don haɓaka asarar zafi tare da iska mai fita, kasancewar ƙarin masu mayeara mahauta a cikin tandse da bututu mai. Kula da iska kwarara a matakin ingantacce yana rage Q2 zuwa ƙarami.
Don rage darajar Q2, wajibi ne don goge farfajiya na waje da ciki, bi da rashin daidaitawa daga mai da aka yi amfani da shi, yana cika buƙatun don amfani da ruwa A cikin tukunyar ruwa, saka idan rashin lalacewa a cikin tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar ruwa don kar a shigar da iska inflows. Amfani da ƙarin dumama na wutar lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki na gas. Koyaya, tanadi daga yawan adadin mai zai zama mafi girma fiye da farashin wutar lantarki da aka cinye.
Asarar zafi daga man sunadarai (Q3)
Wannan nau'in tsarin tabbatar da kariya daga tsarin dumama daga zuriya.
Babban mai nuna alamar ingantawa ba ta da mai sinadarai shine kasancewar gas na gas na carbon (lokacin amfani da m mopan) ko monoxide da monoxide (lokacin da ke burge mai ma ciyawa). Asarar dumama daga Nosta na sunadarai daidai yake da zafin da zai iya zama a lokacin da ke ƙona waɗannan sharan.
Ba a cika aikin man fetur ba ya danganta da karancin iska, matalauta man fetur mai hadawa da iska, a rage zafin jiki na wuta tare da bangon mai ƙonewa. Koyaya, karuwa mai yawa a cikin yawan oxygen ba wai kawai ba garantin cikakken ɗaukar mai, amma na iya rushe aikin tukunyar ruwa.
Mafi kyawun abun ciki na carbon monoxide a kantin wutar murfi a zazzabi na 1400 ° C bai zama sama da 0.05% (dangane da busassun gas ba). Tare da irin waɗannan ƙimar asarar zafi daga Ungit, zasu zama 3 zuwa 7% dangane da mai. Rashin isashshen oxygen zai iya kawo wannan darajar har 25%.
Amma ya zama dole don cimma irin waɗannan halaye don maganin sunadarai na mai ba ya nan. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da mafi kyawun iska a cikin wutar, yana kula da zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin tukunyar mai, cimma cikakken hade da mai cakuda mai tare da iska. Mafi yawan aikin tattalin arziki na boiler an samu lokacin da abun cikin carbon dioxide a cikin kera kayayyaki, a wani matakin 13-15% ya danganta da nau'in mai. Tare da wuce haddi na rashin iska, abun ciki na carbon dioxide a cikin hayaki mai fita na iya raguwa da 3-5%, amma asarar zafi zai karu. Tare da aiki na yau da kullun na kayan dumama, asarar Q3 shine 0-0.5% don ƙura carbon da 1% don murfin gashin wuta.
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Asarar dumama daga rashin isarwa (Q4)
Wannan nau'in asarar tana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa barbashi mai mai wanda ba wanda yake kwance yana faduwa ta hanyar sandar ash a cikin bututun a cikin yanayin. Rashin zafin rana daga unjititing kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙirar tukunyar jirgi, wurin da kuma siffar dunkule, da jihar mai da tushe.
Mafi mahimmancin asara daga naúrar kusa da naúrar kusa da mai ƙona mai kuma an manta da shi. A wannan yanayin, babban adadin ƙananan barbashi ana kwashe tare da hayaki. Ana nuna wannan musamman da kyau lokacin amfani da man fetur mai ban sha'awa, lokacin da yake sauƙaƙe ƙanana da manyan man fetur. Ana samun konewa kowane Layer da ke da juna, kamar yadda kananan guda suke ƙonewa da sauri kuma sawa da hayaki. A sakamakon haduwa, iska mai gudana, wanda ke sanyi manyan man fetur. A lokaci guda, an rufe su da slag ɓawon burodi kuma ba su bushe gaba daya.
Headancin zafi a cikin rashin daidaituwa na yau da kullun yawanci shine 1% na ƙura mai ƙura kuma har zuwa 7.5% don wutar filaka.
Haske na zafi kai tsaye ta bangon tukunyar jirgi (Q5)
Wannan nau'in asarar ta dogara da sifa da ƙira na tukunyar tukunyar, kauri da ingancin rufin na duka tukunyar bututu da bututun chimney, kasancewar bututun mais. Bugu da kari, ginin harma yana da babban tasiri a kan asara, da kuma kasancewar ƙarin filayen dumama da masu lantarki a cikin hanyar hayaki. Wadannan asarar zafi suna karuwa a gaban duffan a cikin dakin da ke dumama kayan aiki na tsaye, kazalika akan lamba da tsawon lokacin bude wutar da layin tsarin. Rage yawan asara ya dogara da madaidaiciyar iska na tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar tukunyar jirgi kuma kasancewar tattalin arziƙi. Yana da kyau a ragi a cikin asara mai zafi yana shafar rufin da bututu na bututu, ta hanyar da aka cire gas mai shaye shaye a cikin sararin samaniya.
Haske na zafi saboda cire ash da slag (Q6)
Wannan nau'in asarar an san shi ne kawai don man fetur mai ƙarfi a cikin scling mai ƙura da ƙura mai ƙura. Tare da bai cika ba, barbashi mai da bai ƙare ba cikin mashaya, daga inda aka cire su ta hanyar aiwatar da wani ɓangare na zafi. Waɗannan asarar sun dogara da asiness na man fetur da kuma slag ado.
Daidaitaccen zafi na tukunyar tukunyar ruwa mai girma ne wanda ke nuna maƙasudi da inganci na tukunyar ku. Girman girman ma'aunin thereral na iya zama yanke shawara tare da matakan da zasu taimaka ajiye mai da aka hade da haɓaka ƙarfin dating.