Jiyya na Jinta, da farko, ya hada da matakin wucewa na sump a cikin tsire-tsire na jingina na gida da a cikin gari. Yarjejeniyar ruwa mai tsarkake ruwa kawai daga manyan zarafin da aka ajiye a kasan, kasancewa mai nauyi fiye da ruwa. Amma yadda za a kasance tare da waɗancan ƙwayoyin da suke da ruwa fiye da ruwa kuma ba a fallasa su hazo? Akwai wata hanya don rarraba da irin gurɓen, wanda ake kira flotation.
Ana amfani da tsarkakakken flotation a matsayin ɗayan matakan jiyya daga irin waɗannan ƙazanta.
Karanta ƙarin game da flotation
Flotation shine ɗayan hanyoyin da ake amfani da shi don tsabtace sharar sharar. A zahiri kalmar "flotation" (Eng ..na) fassara kamar yadda "Yin iyo a saman ruwa" Saboda haka, tunatar da kalmar gaisuwa. Amma idan muka yi magana game da tsaftacewa tare da flotation, burinsa shine kawo dakatar har zuwa farfajiya da sauran abubuwa da ke da ruwa mai rufewa kuma ba su iya sasantawa.A cikin kauri daga cikin ruwa, daban-daban ƙanana m barbashi suna iyo, dakatarwar Colloid da sauran ƙazanta da ba su daidaita ba. Ana amfani da Flotation don tsarkakancin ruwan sharar gida daga Surfacts, samfuran man fetur, mai, abubuwa masu fibrous kuma an dakatar da abubuwa. Hakanan, tsari na flotation bisa ga nau'in rabuwa na kumfa zai iya cire wasu abubuwa narkar da ruwa.
Dokokin Fasa-kai da sunadarai
Samuwar flotation na tsaftacewa yana fitar da hadaddun tsarin likitanci. Anyi la'akari da shi a matsayin tunanin rashin ƙarfi na rashin ƙarfi, wato, ƙarfin mutum na wasu abubuwa don rigar. Wannan ikon yana tantance halayen waɗannan mahadi a kan iyakar na lokaci na rabuwa da ruwa da gas. Akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu:
- Hydrophilic - halayyar da kyakkyawan iko don rigar;
- Hydrophobic - digo.
Ya danganta da nau'in irin wannan al'amari shine, an cire shi da kyau ta amfani da tsarkake flotation ko, akasin haka, ba tabbatacce ga kadaici ta wannan hanyar.
Matakan flotation
Ba a fitar da tsarin flotation don fahimta ba, zai iya zama Bayyana kamar haka:
Cikin ruwa wanda aka sanya shi don tsabtatawa da iska mai hana;
- Barbashi hydrophobic sunshare zuwa iska kumfa;
- A hankali ya rage kuma karya Layer na ruwa, rabuwa da cutar hydrophobic barbashi da kumfa. Wannan ya yi bayani da cewa karfin yana jan hankalin kwayoyin halittar ruwa ga juna shine mafi tsantsa tsakanin ruwa da wadannan barbashi;
- Cikakken hadaddun kwari na kumburin iska da barbashi na hydrophobic an kafa, wanda yayi kama da kumfa;
- Wannan hadaddun floting yana iyo a saman sharar gida, tunda yana da sauƙin zama mai sauƙin haɗarin halitta wanda yake.
A sakamakon haka, an kafa kayan kwalliya a saman ruwan. A sakamakon coam an cire shi ta hanyar musamman na'urar - wannan shine samfurin ruwa na ƙarshe ko kuma.
Ingancin tsarin flotation
Wadancan ko wasu dalilai na iya raguwa ko haɓaka ingancin flotation a matsayin hanya don tsaftace ruwan sharar gida. Mafi mahimmancin tasiri Abubuwan da aka bayar a ƙasa:
Digiri na Hydrophobicity na barbashi. Mafi girman hydrophobicity na barbashi na abu, da more rayuwa tare da kai tsaye cikin hulɗa tare da kumfa na iska, samar da mahimmancin wuraren zama. Babu shakka, ba duk abin da ke cikin ƙazanta ba ne, akwai kayan haɗin hydrophili. Kuma wasu suna da tsari guda biyu, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu ruwa da hydrophili. Don haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta lalata gurɓataccen ɗakunan ƙazanta, ƙarfafawa na musamman ko kuma reagents an ƙara shi;
- Girma da ƙarfin kumfa na kumfa. Tsarin flotation yakamata ya samar da kumfa na wannan girman domin su tashi saman ruwa. Amma da yawa manyan kumfa za su fito kafin lokaci, ba tare da lokacin samun isasshen isasshen isassun ƙazamai marasa ƙarfi ba. Bugu da kari, wadannan kumfa ya kamata ya zama mai dorewa, samun mafi karancin adadin asarar saboda halaka;
- Uniform foaming. Muhimmin abu ne a cikin ingancin flotation shine madaidaicin rarraba kumfa a cikin ruwa da adadin adadin.
Waɗannan dalilai na iya shafar Tare da taimakon refents na musamman za a bayyana a ƙasa.
Reagents don inganta flotation
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, flotation ya dogara da ingancin kumfa da hydrophobicity na barbashi. Akwai ƙari na musamman waɗanda ke da niyyar inganta ingancin kumfa da ƙara yawan ƙwayar cuta. Za'a iya raba reagents zuwa manyan rukuni biyu:- Sojoji;
- Wakilan wakilai.
Reagents masu tattara kaya
Mafi yawan nau'ikan ƙazanta gurbata suna da bangare mai kyau tare da halaye biyu suna da rabo daga rydrophilic ƙungiyoyi. Ikon da suke fitowa ba su da isasshen don ɗauri tare da kumfa iska, don haka flotation ba shi da tasiri. Don warware wannan matsalar, ana kiranta gatethethet stodivees an ƙara a cikin magudanar, wanda kuma suna da tsari biyu wanda ya kunshi hydrophilics da hydrophobic groups. Polar Hydrophilic ya kare daga masu sadaukarwa da masu taruwa sun makantar da juna, kuma ƙarshen hydrophobic ya kasance kyauta.
Masu tarawa don inganta flotrade Surfacts:
- Amonium gishiri;
- Samfuran manoma;
- Mai;
- MERCPTAN
Reagents na wakilan wasanni
Ingancin hukuncin yana taka leda ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matsayi a cikin ingantaccen kayan masarufi. Akwai rukuni na ƙari waɗanda aka yi niyya don inganta foaming. Suna kare kumfa daga hallaka, yana nuna su na roba kuma yana da matukar tasiri sosai. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a cire gurbata da yawa daga sharar gida. Irin wannan mai hankali don kumfa sune:
- Pine man;
- Cresol;
- Phenols da sauran abubuwa da yawa
Irin tsabtace flotation na sharar gida
Tsarin flotation an bayyana shi a takaice azaman Jazarasa ta sharar gida tare da iska tare da watsawa. Wato, babban aikin flotation ya kunshi cikin binciken kumfa na diamita da ake so a cikin kauri na sharar gida. Yadda daidai wannan ana aiwatar da wannan a ƙasa.
Zabi na kumburin iska
Don haskaka kumfa iska daga mafita, yi amfani Latsa da vaving flotation . Flotation na matsin lamba shine allurar iska, sannan kuma ta ragu cikin matsin lamba a cikin tsarin, wanda ke tsokani sakin taro a cikin ruwa zazzabi.
Vapuum flotation yana da ɗan kama da matsin lamba, amma ana aiwatar da shi daban. Mataki na farko shine hanyar ruwa ta hanyar ɗakin ajiyar iska, inda aka cika da iska. Bayan haka, yana shiga cikin kwaye, inda an cire iska da ba a aika ba. Mataki na ƙarshe shine hanyar ɗakin flotation, wanda matsin yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da saurin kumfa.
A cikin irin waɗannan hanyoyi, an yi nasarar da yawa cikin nasara Kyakkyawan ƙazanta.
Isar da iska ta hanyar kayan kwalliya
Wannan shine ɗayan mafi sauyi daga mahimmancin ra'ayin kimiyyar lissafi don samun iska mai iska. Kafin shigar da iska zuwa sharar ruwa, an zartar da shi ta hanyar kayan da pores, kamar faranti tare da ta hanyar sluts. Diamita na kumfa yana ƙididdige girman bayanan bayanan.Fasaha na Wuta
Wannan hanyar an rufe ta hanyar sanya wayoyin da aka sanya biyu wanda aka yarda da halin yanzu. A yayin lantarki, ruwa a kusa da wayoyin sun tsage cikin kumfa da iskar oxygen. Mafi yawan abin da aka saba amfani da shi don abubuwan lantarki: aluminium da baƙin ƙarfe. Wadannan karafa sun fifita a cikin ayyukan rigunan ruwa wanda yake ɗaure shi da juya su A cikin kama da flakes . Wadannan flakes suna da alaƙa da kumfa iska kuma suna tafiya a saman sharar gida a cikin kumfa.
Injiniya na inji
Baya ga samuwar kumfa a cikin ruwa ta amfani da canjin matsin lamba, hanyoyin na injin kuma suna amfani. A saboda wannan, akwai wasu 'yan ayyuka:
Shigarwa
Ton motsa jiki taro ta amfani da turbin. A wannan yanayin, kumfa karami ne, wanda ya dace da cire samfuran petrooleum da mai. Saurin Turbine yana ba ku damar daidaita girman kumfa - mafi girma saurin, ƙarancin diamita na kumfa ya kafa;- Ba a kyauta ba flotation wakiltar amfani da wani dabarar da aka haɗa da famfon na centrifugal. Bubbles waɗanda aka samo sakamakon wannan tsari, babba kuma sun dace da cire mai, masifrous, kamar, alal misali;
- Pnneumatic flotation Ana cike da shi ta hanyar iska ta hanyar iska ta hanyar nozzles na bututun da aka dage farawa a ƙasan ɗakin. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don tsarkaka masu haɓakawa waɗanda zasu iya lalata saitunan Flotation - mai ƙazanta da dabaran.
Bubbles a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin guda uku ana kafa sakamakon tsari na Vortex, wanda aka zuga ta da motsawa.
Flotation - fa'idodi da rashin amfanin hanyar
A yau, flotation shine ɗayan dabarun da aka fi amfani da su don sharar sharar gida. Hakanan yana amfani da wuraren tsabtace masana'antar masana'antu da birane. Dalilin wannan yana ba da dama dalilai da ke magana a cikin goyon bayan flotation.
Abbuwan amfãni na tsarkakakken flotation:
Karancin farashi na hanyar tsabtatawa da ake amfani da ita;
- Kayan aiki mai sauƙi;
- Irin wannan hanyar don wasu dakatar da wasu suna sauri fiye da saurin sasantawa yayin kare su;
- Rabuwa daga sharar ruwa na wasu masu gurasa, gami da samfuran man fetur;
- A cikin tsarin flotation, akwai ragowar abin da ke da ƙarancin ruwa (ƙaramin ɓawon ruwa).
Tabbas, a matsayin kowace hanya, ana haɗa flotation tare da wasu maki mara kyau.
Rashin daidaituwa na tsabtatawa na flotation:
- Ya ƙare nesa da duk masu gurbata, tunda amfanin sa ya dogara da hydrophobbiity na abu;
- Yana da sau da yawa dole ne don ɗaukar ƙarin farashi na gabatar da reagents, wanda ke inganta ingancin kumfa kuma haɓaka hydrophobbicity na gurɓewa;
- Ga kowane nau'in gurbata, kuna buƙatar hanyarku, sabili da haka babu hanyar duniya don cire duk dakatarwa.
Kammalawa game da flotation
Komai fa'idodi masu yawa suna da flotation, ba mai zaman kansa ne da magani na ƙarshe na ruwa na ƙarshe ba. Wannan daya ne kawai daga cikin matakan da ke da hadaddun tsari wanda zai baka damar cire yawancin abubuwan da ba a sox. Tsabtace Flotation yana ba ku damar adana ruwa daga samfuran mai mai da mai da ba za a iya cire su ta hanyoyi ba, kazalika da fibrous abubuwan sharar sharar gida. Yawanci, ana amfani da tsabtace flotation bayan yanayin wasan na gaba don cire waɗancan abubuwan da ba su da hazo.
Mataki na kan batun: Yadda za a saka a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Linoleum Fanneru?