Panthawi yomanga nyumba zachinsinsi, padenga nthawi zambiri zimapanga mtanda. Pali zifukwa zake. Woyamba ndi wodalirika. Chabwino makope ndi mphepo ndi matalala. Lachiwiri limagwirizana ndi zokutira zilizonse zoumba. Wachitatu ndi wotsika mtengo. Chachinayi ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komwe kumakhala kovuta kuwononga. Lachisanu - zimawoneka zokongola. Zonsezi, ndipo chosonyeza kuti padenga lopangidwa ndi manja awiriwo limamangidwa ndi manja awo popanda kukhalapo kwa chidziwitso chapadera, chimawonetsa kutchuka kwake.
Denga losonkhanitsidwa ndi awiri ali okonzeka kukhazikitsa padenga
Kukhazikitsa kwa gawo la padenga la pepala ziwiri
Monga mukuwonera pamwambapa, pali mapulogalamu ambiri a rafter. Chifukwa chake, pamene kusonkhana kulikonse komwe kuli m'makhalidwe ake, koma nthawi zambiri amakhalanso chimodzimodzi. Ziyenera kunenedwa za gawo lonse: Kuwuma ndi kukonza nkhuni. Gawoli limafunikira ngati mwagula matabwa atsopano, osawuma.
Gwiritsani ntchito pomanga denga la chinyezi cha zinthu zachilengedwe: Miyala idzathamanga, amayenda, a geometry asintha. Zonsezi zidzatsogolera kupezeka kwa zopsinjika ndi zizindikiro zazing'onoting'ono zochulukitsa (chipale chofewa chambiri, chipale chofewa, chimphepo kapena mvula) zimayambitsa njira zoyipa. Kuthetsedwa kwawo ndi chochitika chovuta komanso chotsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake, kapena mugule nkhuni zouma (zosaposa 20%, moyenera za chipinda chowuma 8-12%), kapena kugula zinthu m'miyezi ingapo, pindani m'matumba opumira. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito zosayenera (kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa bowa ndikuchepetsa chowoneka bwino) ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina okwera mu kukhazikitsa.
Matabwa akufunika kuyanika m'matumba opumira. Kuti achite izi, amaphatikizidwa ndi ma board afupi. Amayikidwa mu mita kuchokera m'mphepete kenako kudutsa mita. Pansi pa pansi
Za msonkhano waukuluwu umadutsa, za momwe angapangire padenga lokhala ndi awiri, tikuuzani mu gawo ili.
Mahuerlat
Msonkhano wa gulu lankhondo lakhumi awiri kuchokera kuyika la Mauerlat layamba. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molunjika, chifukwa musanayambe kukhazikitsa, yopingasa ya khoma limayang'aniridwa mosamala, pomwe imalumikizidwa, ngati kuli kogwirizana, imagwirizana ndi matope a simenti. Mutha kupitiliza kugwira ntchito pambuyo yankho litha kugwetsa mphamvu 50%.
Kutengera ndi dongosolo, ndikutsatira 150 * 150 mm kapena bolodi yokhala ndi miyeso 50 * 150 mm. Amalumikizidwa ndi mzere wapamwamba wa khoma la khoma. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi matabwa, gawo lake limagwira korona wapamwamba. Ngati makhomawo ali ndi mabulosi omangira - Penbeton kapena konkriti wa Pentebet ndi ena - kuuma kwawo sikokwanira kubwezeretsa katunduyo. Pankhaniyi, pamwamba pa mzere womaliza wa omangacker amapanga lamba wokhazikika, omwe amayika mwachangu kwambiri - waya kapena ma studi. Pa iwo ndiye matabwa kapena bolodi yakhuta.
Nkhani pamutu: chitetezo chamoto m'nyumba
Kukweza Mauerlat pa Studis
Khoma la Foref Njira ndi Mauerlata angapo:
- M'maso (mu konkriti wotsimikizika), waya wowuma wozungulira wa m'mimba mwake umakhazikika (mbali ziwiri zomaliza). Boardyo limachitika m'malo ofunikira a bowo pomwe waya ukuchita. Kenako imapotoza ndikugwada.
- Khomalo, ma studiwo amatsekedwa osakwana 12 mm. Pansi pawo ku Mauerlat, mabowo amaikidwa pa bolodi / bolodi) ndikulimba ndi mtedza wokhala ndi mawowo ambiri.
- Kugwirizanitsa matabwa kapena bolodi m'mbali mwa khoma, tengani kubowola ndi mainchesi 12 mm kupanga mabowo a nangula. Mawondo awo (mwa mulifupi mwake ndi 12 mm) chovala chipewacho, kenako limbitsani fungulo.
Mtunda pakati pa ma studis (waya) sayenera kupitirira 120 cm. Pa khoma (lamba) pansi pa Mauerlat, kudula madzi osautsa kumayikidwa. Izi zitha kukhala zigawo ziwiri za zopota zakumbuyo kapena hydrool, mutha kukweza ndi masticn.
Kukhazikitsa nthawi
Mitundu ya ma rafting syderder padenga si khumi ndi amodzi. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha momwe zimawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta, yopangidwa ndi temple ya woonda kwa magalimoto onse, makwinya ndi zina zofananazo. Kuti muchite izi, mungafunike kusonkhanitsa mawonekedwe oyamba padenga, kenako okonzeka kupanga ma templations.
Sonkhanitsani minda yopangidwa ndi yopangidwa ndikukweza denga
Dongosolo la msonkhano zimadalira mtundu wa rafter dongosolo. Ngati mvula ikusintha, imayikidwa pang'onopang'ono, kusonkhanitsa zinthu padenga. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino ngati matayala a miyala yozungulira ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, chipinda chapamwamba kapena chapamwamba kapena chapamwamba.
M'machitidwe okhala ndi zingwe zapadziko lapansi, famu ikuyenda - makona atatu omalizira ndi zikhomo zonse zomwe mukufuna, ma racks. Chiwerengero chofunikira cha minda chimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kenako amawadzutsa padenga, amawonetsa molunjika ndikuphatikizidwa ndi Mawierlat.
Mbali inayo, ndikofunikira - padziko lapansi ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito, ndi msonkhano wawukulu kuthamanga kulondola: famu imodzi siyosiyana ndi imzake, yomwe imalepheretsa njira. Koma kulera mifamu yopangidwa ndi kukonzekera kumakhala kovuta, makamaka kwa nyumba zazikulu. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita, kukhazikitsa matabwa awiri ophatikizika, ndipo gawo limodzi limapuma pansi, ndipo lachiwiri limatulutsa pang'ono khoma. Mafamu amayandikira ndi "kukwezedwa" kumeneku, imodzi imayikidwa pansi, kumangiriza zingwezo ndikulimba padenga. Pakusowa kwa Winch kapena Crane, iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka kwambiri.
Nkhani pamutu: Kudzaza bwanji pansi ndi konkriti m'nyumba kapena nyumba nokha (video)
Msonkhano wa thambo umafuna kudziwa zambiri: monga momwe akuwongolera, momwe angayike ndikuwombera. Msonkhano umodzi wa malingaliro ndi agogo, onani vidiyoyi.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kayendedwe ka rafter
- Adawonetsa mawonekedwe owopsa. Amasaina komanso otetezedwa ndi nthawi yochepa. Mutha kufunanso kuthamanga kwambiri, kukhota kukhoma la nyumbayo: Dziwitsani bolodi lomwe limangoyenda pamakoma. Mutha kusalala famu yoyambayo (pokhapokha ngati khoma limakhala losalala). Unakhazikika mbali inayo ndi mitengo yakanthawi, siyopita kulikonse.
Momwe mungayike dongosolo la rafter
- Kenako, twine imatambasulidwa pakati pa mafamu owopsa. Zimachitika pamlingo wa skate komanso mbali zonse ziwiri pansipa - kumapeto kwa miyendo yokhazikika. Tchere wotambasulidwa umayang'aniridwa pa yopingasa - gwiritsani ntchito zabwino zomangamanga. Ngati pali kupatuka, ndipo mafamu amawonetsedwa molunjika, muyenera kuwongolera miyendo ya rafter pa imodzi ya izo. Nthawi zina pamene kupatuka pachingwe ndikuyesera kusintha kupatuka kwinaku. Koma ndizosatheka kuchita izi: "Ndimameza" dongosolo lonse.
Pakati pa minda yoopsa, twine imasokonekera kuti itsimikizire kulondola kwa geometry
- Mafamu owopsa amakonzedwa ku Mawierlat. Njira zowumba zimadalira mtundu wa kachitidwe kake kamene kamasankhidwa kapena kulibe. Mitundu ya ma rafter syder padenga la olumala ndi mapangidwe a rafter kupita ku Mauerlat ndi Skate Bruus Zakonzedwa m'nkhaniyi.
- Mafamu otsatirawa amayika, kuyang'ana twine. Ndikosavuta kuyika pamtunda womwe mukufuna kuti uletse, fufuzani ngati chizindikirocho ndi chowona ndipo pokhapokha chiyambika ndikuwuka mafamu. Kotero kuti m'zomangamanga sikugwetsa matabwa okhazikitsidwa, amalumikizidwa ndi manda ena osakhalitsa, ikani mabotolo ndi zofunda. Amasefedwa pambuyo pa nyali.
- Dongosolo lowonetsera limakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa nembanemba yopanda madzi, pamwamba pomwe nyali zimayikidwa. Membrane ali padenga molingana ndi matekinoloje aposachedwa ali okakamiza, apo ayi zotupa zidzanyoza, zomwe zingayambitse kudzikuza (mumangotaya ndalama). Denga litazizira, mutha kuchita popanda madzi.
Zonse, denga la katatu limasonkhanitsidwa ndikukonzekera kuyika zinthu zodetsa.
Kukhazikitsa kwa rafter kumayambitsa mafunso okwanira, koma ndizosatheka kuuza njira zambiri. Onani imodzi mwa izo mu kanema. Dongosolo ndi lalikulu ndikukwera padenga la magawo, ndipo adasonkhana kale mu kapangidwe kake. Kwa nyumba zazikulu ndizosavuta.
Mawonekedwe a kukhazikitsa kwanthawi yamitengo yamatabwa
Kusiyana pakati pa nyumba zamatabwa ndikuti nyumbayo imapereka shrinkage, ndipo izi zimabweretsa kusintha mu gembitry ya dongosolo la mitengo. Ngati zinthu zitatsekera molimbika, denga limatha kugwa. Chifukwa chake, othamanga amayendetsa kuyandama. Pali zowonera zapadera, zomwe potengera ma rafters kupita ku korona wapamwamba ndikuthamanga, ngati pali chotere (onani chithunzi).
Njira yomangirira dongosolo la nyumba yanyumba
Kupanga momasuka kusunthidwa nthawi ya shrinkage, gawo lake lalitali limafanana ndendende m'mphepete mwake, limakhala mutu. Ngati ndi kotheka, tsambalo ladulidwa. Ikani Phiri kuti mbewa ili m'munsi mwapadera kapena pafupi kwambiri. Khalani ndi zomangira zapadera zomwe zimabwera mu Kit (mwachizolowezi sizoyenera). Ngati kukhazikitsa kumapangidwa pamtengo kuti phazi lizichotsetsa, chipinda chotsegulira chimadulidwa m'munsi, pomwe chidzadalira.
Ofululira oterewa amagulitsidwa pamsika uliwonse womanga, umatchedwa "wotsika". Momwe mungakhazikitsire chisanu ku Bruus kuyang'ana muvidiyoyo.
Kanema pa msonkhano ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la rafter la madenga
Denga lolimba limamangidwa ndi manja ake: zobisika zambiri komanso zopumira, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsira, kuwonjezera. Pofotokoza mawu, wofalitsa wawo ndiye osathokoza. Izi ndi zomwe zili bwino kuwona. Pansipa mumapereka kusankha kwa kanema komwe mungakhale wothandiza.Lipoti la kanema momwe padenga lawiri limapangidwa
Nkhani ya mwini nyumbayo za magawo omanga. Pali mphindi zosangalatsa zaluso zomwe zingakhale zothandiza.
Mitundu iwiri yolumikiza rafters: zolimba ndi zomata
Kanema wokhudza mitundu iwiri yovuta kwambiri yolumikizirana.Momwe mungadziwire ngodya ya ziweto zokomera
Lipoti Lalikulu la Folly Systery
Kanemayu amatenga nthawi yocheperako, koma njirayi imawonetsedwa kuyambira pachiyambi ndi kumapeto ndi zambiri. Denga limayikidwa pa nyumba ya chimango, koma pokhazikitsa nyumba ina (kupatula nyumba zamatabwa) Palibe kusiyana.
Nkhani pamutu: maenje amakono: Kapangidwe kamakono, chithunzi 2019, malingaliro a nyumba, mawonekedwe, mitundu iwiri kukhitchini, video awiri