Ngati mungaganize zokonza m'nyumba yanu, kaya ndi opititsa patsogolo malo onse kapena kukonza zokutira, kenako osatsatira pansi, simungathe kutero. Ngakhale m'chipinda chatsopanocho, maziko a pansi kuchokera ku konkriti nthawi zambiri amakhala osadziwika, makamaka m'malo olumikizana. M'nyumba zakale, pomwe anthu amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali, mkhalidwe wam'mwamba wa pansi pa konkriti siabwino, koma titha kulota za kukonzanso kwambiri m'nyumba.
Asanagwirizane, ndikofunikira kuti muyenere mosamalitsa kusasamala konse kwa pansi konkriti.
Kukonzekera pansi kuti musinthe
Kuti mudziwe njira yolumikizira pansi ndikugula zinthu zofunika, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu pansi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusokoneza chophimba pansi ndikuchita kafukufuku wosagwirizana.Paziyeso, mulingo wautali umagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe amasankha kukhala mikhalidwe yonse pansi. Pamwamba pa konkriti pansi imakhala yosasunthika kapena chifukwa cha kufufuzidwa ndi mawonekedwe a shcheranimok pakugwiritsa ntchito, kapena chifukwa chagona pa gawo lomanga la konkriti. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu yomwe ilipo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mulingo, imayang'ana ndege za mbale zokwezeka komanso malo apamwamba kwambiri a pansi. Kenako malo okwezeka ndi otsekedwa a mbale amaphunziridwa ndipo kusesa kwambiri kumakambidwa. Kutsimikiza mtima kwa kutalika kwa dothi pansi ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndi kukweza kwakukulu kwa gawo ili, zovuta zazikulu ndizotheka: zitseko sizitha kutsegulira batire yotentha. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi komanso njira yothetsera mavutowa ndizoposa zomveka zokha.
Njira zophatikizira pansi
Kukhazikitsa magetsi.
Nthawi zambiri, chophimba pansi ndi chomaliza, chomwe chimasunthika pokonzekera kukonza, ndipo chinthu choyamba chimabwezeretsedwa. Ingoikani, pansi liyenera kulinganizidwa mpaka makhoma ndi denga. Mpaka pano, njira ziwiri zogwirizanitsa ndi konkriti zimadziwika:
- Ndi nyali zowala;
- Chida chambiri.
Ngati dera la chipindacho ndi laling'ono, ndipo kusiyana kwamitundu yocheperako komanso yayikulu ya ndege pansi sikupitilira 35 mm, ndiye mtundu woyenera udzakhala chida chamadzi pansi. Ngati kusiyana pakati pa mfundozo ndi kwakukulu, ndiye kuti pansi konkriti ikhoza kusakanizidwa pa anyaconi omwe adawonetsedwa.
Nkhani pamutu: Kukhazikitsa zitseko zomwe zakhala zikuchitika
Poletsa kusankha kwanu pa chimodzi mwazosankhazo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti njira yabwino yosinthira pansi pa konkriti sichinapangidwe, ndipo njira zonse zili ndi zabwino zake. Ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri musanayambe kugwirira ntchito, mumvetsetse kuti mtsogolomo musachite zamkhutu.
Chingwe
Pansi squit.
Njira iyi masiku ano ndiyofala kwambiri pakati pa okonda nyumba iliyonse kuti achite ndi manja awo. Ndibwino kwambiri kugwirizanitsidwa pansi kuchipinda chachikulu: maholo, zipinda zokhala. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, poyamba pa konkriti, muyenera kuyika ndikuyika zofunda zapadera - njanji zachitsulo, zomwe zili mtsogolo zimagwira ntchito ngati chitsogozo cha chipangizo cha pansi.
Ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndi chipangizo cha kuyerekezera kwambiri ndi zolimba, kuphatikiza pamalo akulu, osafunikira ndalama zochulukirapo komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito. Koma imatha kupaka pamwamba pa masiku 10 mpaka 30, kutengera makulidwe a osanjikiza ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Ngati mukufuna kugwirizanitsa pansi konkriti kuti isankhe mwanjira iyi.
Kukwaniritsa kusinthika komwe mungafune zida:
- chotsukira;
- Ngodya zopangidwa;
- Mbuye Ok:
- Lamulo.
Asanagwirizanitse pansi, maziko ake amafunikira bwino, komanso bwino - timasinthana ndi fumbi lodzaza ndi dothi. Makona azitsulo opangidwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwala. Owalawa amafunika kukhazikitsidwa m'chipindacho: woyamba ndi wotsiriza - mtunda wa makoma 30 kuchokera kumbali, mtunda wofanana ndi wina ndi mnzake sayenera kupitirira 1 m.
Kukhazikitsa kumachitika mu dongosolo ili. Popanga chizindikiro pansi, mosamalitsa pamizere "yogawanika" mu gawo 20-25 masellets a simenti yokonzedweratu kapena gypsum. Mikate iyi imayikidwa mu mzere wokhazikika ndikugwirizana ndi ma beacons, kuwalitsa iwo mu njira yothetsera kapena kukweza ndikugundika pansi pa kukula kwake.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungachotsere khomo la bande
Pansi zomanja: Mafuta azitsulo, mulingo womanga, wosakanikirana womanga, mphamvu yayikulu.
Njira yothetsera vuto la kunyamula pang'ono ndikukonza ma beacon, malo opanda kanthube otsalira pansi pa yankho. Pakadali pano, pali mwayi wokonza zowala, ndikukwaniritsa chopingasa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, mitengo iyenera kupatsidwa nthawi kuti mukonze bwino mu yankho ndipo pokhapokha ngati pitani ku mayanjano pansi.
Pofuna kusinthika, yankho lokonzekera simenti yatsopano limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makulidwe oyenera a yankho amafanana ndi zonona wowawasa. Njira yothetsera mavuto imakhala yovuta yosungunuka, ndipo madzi ambiri sangakhale odekha, ndipo imawuma kwa nthawi yayitali.
Njira yochepetsera iyenera kuyamba kuchokera kutali ndi khomo la tiketo la ngodya, likusunthira pakhomo. Mzere woyamba ndi wachiwiri watsanulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kenako chodzaza ndi chomaliza komanso cholumikizira chimachitikanso. Kenako dzazani imachitika ndi mzere umodzi mbali iliyonse, yotembenukira kumtunda.
Matope a simenti amathiridwa pakati pa ma beacon okwera ndikupukutira troweli kuti mudzaze zonse zotsalazo mkati mwakuwala. Mukadzaza yankho la mzere pa owala, lamulo limakhazikitsidwa ndikuchitika katatu, kukhazikitsa yankho mu Mchiritsi ndi zowala.
Kudzaza ndi kusinthidwa kwa mzere uliwonse kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zonse sizingakhale chimodzimodzi, ndipo m'malo olumikizana ndi njira yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kale pakhoza kukhala kuchulukana, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyesayesa kwa pangani mawonekedwe osalala.
Mzere womaliza umadzaza ndi mizere yambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, malo odzaza ndi yankho sayenera kupitirira kutalika kwa manja. Ili ndiye gawo lovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi zonse ntchito zonse kuti mulingane ndi konkriti. Kenako chomangira chogona choyenera kuti mupatse nthawi youma. Pambuyo pouma kwathunthu mutha kukonzedwa kuti zikonzedwenso.
Chipangizo chochuluka
Uwu ndi ntchito yofulumira komanso yosavuta, koma kutali ndi njira yotsika mtengo yogwirizira pansi. Kuti mugwirizane ndi ma conrete pamalo, zosakanikirana zenizeni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza kotereku ndikokwanira kungothira konkriti konkriti, chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopyapyala pamtunda, ndikudzaza zosagwirizana zonse.Mukamagwirizanitsa pamwamba motere, muyenera kupeza zida zotere:
- Tulutsani:
- chithovu choyendetsa;
- singano roller;
- Crapplains.
Monga kusinthika kwa zogonana ndi zowala, muyenera kuyeretsa pansi. Pamapeto pa kuyeretsedwa, konkriti kumakonzedwa ndi prirmer yapadera ya malo ochulukirapo. Pambuyo poyambira, mutha kuthana ndi kusakaniza kodzilimbitsa nokha, kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe amasindikizidwa.
Mphepete mwa njira yodzipangira pansi, ndikofunikira kuyenda mbali zosiyanasiyana za singano kuti zichotse thonje mu osakaniza. Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi wofuula mu nsapato yapadera ya Kraskaspostups, ndi singano yomwe ikulefukirayo iyenera kukhala yayitali kuposa kutalika kwa pansi pamalo ake okwana.
Imawuma kugonana motere m'maola ochepa chabe, pambuyo pake mutha kuyamba kukonza. Kuuma kotereku kumafotokozedwa ndi kusakaniza kwa osakaniza ndi makulidwe a jakisoni, womwe supitilira 3-4 mm.
Ngakhale kuthamanga ndi kuphweka, njirayi siyikuyenera.
Sizoyenera ngati kutalika kwa kutalika kwa nkhope kuti zisanesane ndi wamkulu 3 mm.
Ndizoyipa kudzaza pansi m'malo akulu, chifukwa kusakanikirana kudziletsa kukugwa mofulumira, ndipo ndi gawo lokwanira kuti muchite mankhwala osokoneza bongo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kugwirizanitsa pansi nthawi imodzi ndi matayala
Kuphatikizika kotereku sikungaonedwe ndi njira yokhazikika, makamaka mtundu wa matauni akutamba pansi. Zimapereka chitseko chosalala pa konkriti la matako, osati pansi konkriti.
Choyamba, mothandizidwa ndi mulingo pansi pa kutsogolo kwa makoma, chikhomo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chizindikiro cholembera cholowera chamtsogolo cha matayala a matayala. Kenako, makamaka kuyika matayala kumachitika, ndipo mulingo wa matayala okhazikika amayendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a zomatira zokhazikitsidwa ndi maziko ake. Komabe, mwanjira yotere, ndizotheka kusintha mosagwirizana mu 2-3 mm, mosiyanasiyana sizingathandize.
Kusintha kwa ma concete pansi sikugwira ntchito ku kuchuluka kwa ntchito zovuta zomanga zovuta, ntchito ngati imeneyi imafunikira wojambula yemwe si wapamwamba, komanso chisamaliro komanso kuleza mtima. Chifukwa chake, kuti akwaniritse, palibe chifukwa chosinthira ntchito zomanga, mutha kumangidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito, kuyika njira zochitira ntchito zosintha zambiri ndi akatswiri.
Nkhani pamutu: Komwe mungayambire kuyimbira: kugona pakati pa zipinda, kuchokera kukhoma (chithunzi ndi kanema)