Mitengo ya njerwa za mpanda ndi manja awo

Mutha kupanga mpanda wodalirika komanso wotchipa pamalowo mothandizidwa ndi mpanda wophatikizika - mitengo imapangidwa ndi njerwa, ndi kudzaza (ma spans) ndi tsamba lililonse lopepuka - mpanda wopangidwa. Maganizo ndi olimba, ndipo mtengo wake umakhala wochepera pa "njerwa". Ndipo kutayika kwa mitengo si chinthu chovuta kwambiri, koma chabwino. Masters adapempha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo kuchokera ku miyala ya 2000 iliyonse, ndipo masiku ano mitengo itakwera kuposa kawiri. Pindani njerwa za njerwa ku mpanda ndi manja anu komanso popanda luso la masoka. Ndikofunikira kutsatira ukadaulo ndipo zonse zidzatha.

Maziko a mpanda wokhala ndi njerwa

Kusankha mtundu wa maziko pansi pa mitengo njerwa kumadalira zinthu zomwe zidzakhala zodzaza komanso mtundu wa nthaka. Ngati kutalika kwa mpandawo ndi kuchokera ku zopepuka (maluso owoneka bwino, matabwa), mutha kupanga maziko a mulu uliwonse wa chipilala chilichonse. Kuzama komwe mulu uyenera kuwumbidwa / kupindika, kumadalira mtundu wa dothi ndi kutalika kwa madzi apansi. Ngati dothi lakhala la Beagle yozizira (dongo kapena loam) yomwe ili ndi madzi apansi panthaka, muyenera kukumba 15-20 masentimita pansi panthaka. Pa dothi lamphamvu (mchenga ndi mchenga), ndikokwanira kudumpha 80 cm.

Mitengo ya njerwa za mpanda ndi manja awo

Maulamuliro a PILE a Njerwa pamutu wokhala ndi mpanda wokhala ndi kudzazidwa pang'ono

Maziko a Ululu Pansi pa Chipilala cha njerwa chimachitika molingana ndi ukadaulo weniweni:

Bryat fossa ya ozama (mainchester 25-35 cm);
pansi ndikugona mkhola.
ophatikizidwa;
Amayika chitoliro chozungulira chomwe chimatsogolera (panthaka zokhala ndi zigawenga kupita ku gawo loyandama, magawo angapo a ndodo zachitsulo, riboni, nthiti?
Chitolirocho chimayikidwa molunjika, okhazikika;
Pa dothi lotentha, ngati zidutswa zachitsulo sizinafotokozedwe pachipato, mutha kumamatira ndodo zingapo zolimbikitsidwa mdzenje, chifukwa dothi lovuta kwambiri mutha kulumikiza chimango;
Konkriti yayitali kwambiri imathiridwa - m300 kapena kupitilira (za mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake kaziwiri).

Kutalika kwa mapaipi kumatha kuchokera mu mfundo ziwiri: kuchokera kumbali yomwe sikunasungidwe konkriti ndipo yomwe imapachikidwa pamwamba. Komanso, kumtunda kwa chitoliro sikufunikira konse pankhaniyi kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa mzati. Itha kukhala pa 40-50 cm yayifupi. Kupatula - zipilala zomwe chipata chidzapachikidwa ndi / kapena chiwindi. Apa chikhazikitso cha mkati chikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi pamwamba.

Ngati mpanda wakonzedwa kuti ukhale njerwa kapena m'chigawo chachikulu cha mphepo, mwina, muyenera kupanga maziko owuma. Njira ina ndi milu yomangidwa ndi riboni yabwino yoberekera.

Kapangidwe ka mpanda wokhala ndi njerwa za njerwa pa conolithic kotsimikizika

Werengani zambiri zamitundu ya maziko a mipanda yamitundu yonse, werengani m'nkhani ya "maziko a mpanda: sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera".

Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungavalire bolodi

Yankho ndi njerwa za mizati

Njira yothetsera simenti-simenti yokhala ndi gawo 1: 5 (kapena 1: 6). Mchenga ndi wabwinoko kuti utenge gawo losaya, simenti yayikulu sikuti ndi M400. Popiyuliridwa pulasitiki, mutha kuwonjezera sopo wamadzimadzi pang'ono kapena zotchinga mbale (20-30 gr. Pa chingwe chodulira).

Ndikofunikira mukamapanga yankho kuti mupeze madzi ambiri. Siyenera kukhala youma, koma ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi madzi, chifukwa chake madzi amawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono, kutsatira kusinthana kwa yankho. Mkhalidwe womwe mukufuna ungayang'aniridwe motere: kufalikira pamwamba pamtunda wina, kuyika mtawolo pa Iwo. Kenako tengani chiwembu pachitsulo ndikutsatira mtanda: siziyenera "kusambira".

Njira Yosasinthika Yabwino Kwambiri ya Masoni njerwa

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupeza yankho lakuda: onjezani ma soti kwa icho. Amagulitsidwa pomanga matumba. Sinthani gawo laling'ono la soot ndikupeza ma seams okongoletsera popanda utoto.

Njira Yakuda ikuwonjezera zokongoletsera

Njerwa za zipilala zimagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse, chenjerani chokha chiwerengero cha chisanu cha chisanu (zochulukirapo, zabwino) ndi geometry. Zoyenera, kupatuka kwakukula sikuyenera kukhala kopitilira mamilimita. Kenako zimakhala zosavuta kugwira. Ngati phwandolo lidakumana ndi kusiyana pakati - sinthani mosamala kuti njerwa imodzi itakhala ndi kusiyana kochepa.

Kuyika Nkhumba Zakudya: Ukadaulo

Nthawi zambiri, mitengoyo imapangidwa mu 25,5 kapena awiri njerwa, gawo la mtanda 380 mm ndi 510 mm, motero, kutalika kwake kuli mpaka 3 metres.

Masowo amatsogolera ndi kuvala (kusamuka) - msoko wa m'munsi wolumikizidwa ndi "thupi" la njerwa logona pamwamba. Msoko wapamwamba - 8-10 mm. Kapangidwe kanu kanu koloko ndi njerwa ziwiri ndi ziwiri pa chithunzi pansipa.

Mitengo ya njerwa mu 1.5 ndi njerwa ziwiri

Ndondomeko Zomangamanga: Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito

Pamaziko omalizidwa, magetsi odulidwa amafalikira. Itha kukhala khwangwala m'magawo awiri, koma ndibwino kuti muchepetse phula. Chosanjidwa ichi ndichofunikira kuti njerwa sikuti "kukoka" chinyontho kuchokera m'nthaka. Ngati njerwa yonyowa imazizira, mwachangu imayamba kusweka ndikugundika. Chifukwa chake, kusaikira madzi ndikofunikira. Kufuula madzi kumatha kusinthidwa - kawiri pamaziko a matenda amtundu uliwonse kawiri, komanso m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu - kukweza ndi mastic, kenako "zomwe" hydrol "zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Kukula kwake, yankho la wosanjikiza limagwiritsidwa ntchito panyanja yopitilira 1 cm. Pazonse, malinga ndi chiwembu, njerwa zimakhazikika. Amasungidwa mu ndege zopingasa komanso zopingasa, kugonjetsedwa ndi nyundo ya rabara. Aphwanya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira, koma pankhaniyi, zotsalira za njirayo zimatha kuuluka kuchokera mu ndege ya kelma, kuyika manja ndi njerwa, ndipo zimapukusa kutali ndi simenti moyipa.

Njerwa zadothi zimatenga chinyezi msanga, zimakhala zovuta kuti "mubzale" m'malo mwake. Pofuna yankho lalitali kuti likhalebe pikiti, njerwa musanayike masekondi angapo kuyika m'madzi. Makina omwewo amapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kupukuta yankho kuchokera pamwamba (limachotsedwa pomwepo, nsalu youma).

Nkhani pamutu: chingwe chomangira zovala pa khonde

Valani nyundo

Mzere wachiwiri umayikidwanso pa njerwa, yankho lakelo likufalikira, njerwa zakhazikitsidwa, koma kale ndi kavalidwe - zimapezeka kuti msoko umatsekedwa. Lembaninso. Kenako tengani rolelete ndikuyang'ana kukula kwa mizere yomwe ili. Ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono kwa 1-2 mm kumachotsedwa. Gwirani kutsogolo kwa njerwa (yotchedwa "stack"), ndikusintha njerwa pafupi. Kenako, ngati mbali yakumbuyo sinawalepheretse, lembani misozi yowongoka. Magulu onse otsatirawa amayatsidwa.

Ngati pali zopanda pake pakati pa chitoliro chamkati ndi njerwa, imakhuta. Ngati mtunda ndi wocheperako, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yochenjera ngati thambo ndilofunika, kupulumutsa malo omwe mungayake ndi zinyalala, ma tamper, kenako kutsekereza madzi a simenti.

Kugona pansi pa ndodo

Kuyika kwa mizamu yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa kwayesedwa, koma oyamba kumene, modziyimira pawokha, opindika kwambiri msoko. Vuto lina - yankho limatuluka m'mphepete mwa msoko, malo okhala. Sizikhala zokongola kwambiri. Kuwongolera ntchito, tidakumana ndi zomangazi pansi pa ndodo. Tengani bar lalikulu ndi mbali ya 8-10 mm, iduleni, 10-15 masentimita kutalika kwake.

Kugona

Kukhazikitsa mzere woyamba, bala lagona m'mphepete mwa njerwa. Dzazani nsanjayo yokhala ndi malire pang'ono, ndipo wosanjikizayo wayandikira chubu. Kenako, ndikutsogolera ndodo pafupi ndi ndodo, chotsani zochulukirapo, kuyeretsa ndodo kuchokera yankho. Koma nthawi yomweyo malo otsetsereka amasungidwa. Amayika njerwa, kutengera mogwirizana ndi mulingo. Nthawi yomweyo, sizimamupatsa ndodo, ndipo malo enawo amawongolera mulingo.

Pansi pa ndodo timayika yankho kumbali

Kenako amatenga gawo lalifupi la 10 cm (ya msoko), adayikamotsekeratu, yankho limayikidwa pambali ya njerwa yotsekedwa, komanso kuchotsa zoposa zomwe zidalipo pa ndodo. Amayikidwa ndi mizere ya njerwa yachiwiri. Mlingo utawonetsedwa, msoko umapanikizidwa pamwamba pa cylma, ndipo zofukizira zolimba zimachotsedwa.

Chotsani ndodo

Chifukwa chake njerwa zonse zimayikidwa. Kenako ndodozo zimachotsedwa, pitani mzere wotsatira. Ukadaulo wa nthenga uwu wa zipilala za njerwa zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera zisoti ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyera. Chifukwa chake onjezani chipilala ndi manja awo, ngakhale makondo a saterice amateur amatha. Ndikofunikira pakungoyambira magawo a mzere uliwonse (kotero kuti mtambo pamalowo ndi kukula kamodzi).

Maphunziro a Video

Chosiyanasiyana cha njerwa

Zojambulajambula ndi njerwa ya ceramic

Mavuto ndi yankho lawo

Mavuto akulu omwe angabuke pomwe zipilalazo zikagona nokha - izi ndi kusintha kwa kukula ndi "kupotoza". Zolakwika zonse zonsezi zimabuka chifukwa chosakwanira.

Mukayika mizati ndi manja awo, nthawi zambiri mizere yapamwamba imakhala yopambana kuposa m'munsi. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, millimeter imawonjezeredwa kapena kuchepera, koma pafupifupi mzere uliwonse. Zotsatira zake, pamtunda wa chilembo cha 2 m m'lifupi mwake 400 mm ndi zochulukirapo. M'malo mwa 380 mm. Kuwongolera cholakwika ichi - kuwongolera kukula kwa mzere uliwonse.

Kuwongolera kukula kwa positi kokha ndi gawo lomanga sikokwanira. Makamaka, chida cha banja (chikasu) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chili ndi zolakwa zazikulu kwambiri ndipo ngati mulifupi ali ndi kutalika kwa 60-80 masentimita, mumangowona kuchuluka kwa zopinga. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza rolelette - kutukwana mzere uliwonse. Kuti muchepetse nthawi yomwe imayamba kuwongolera, mutha kupanga template ya template (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pamatabwa osalala) kuti muwone kukhalapo kwa kupatuka.

Nkhani pamutu: Kulumikiza makina ochapira ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndi kusuta ndi manja anu

Kuyika kwa zipilala za mpanda kumachitika mozungulira chitoliro chokhazikika, chofukiziracho chimayang'aniridwa atayika mzere uliwonse

Kudzigoneka kwa zipolopolo popanda chokumana nacho cha ntchito ngati izi kungayambitse cholakwika china: mbali ya chipilala ikhoza kusunthidwa, mzati, momwe ziyenera kusokonekera kuzungulira nkhwangwa yake. Zovuta izi ndizosasangalatsa: Yesetsani kuphatikiza ma spoens ku mizere yotere. Padzakhala mavuto ambiri. Chifukwa chake, pogona mzere uliwonse, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ma ngolo ndiwopezeka mosavuta kuposa wina.

Mutha kuthandizira ntchitoyi pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya ziwiri zotsekemera ku ngodya zosiyana. Amalumikizidwa kwakanthawi ndi mizere yotsika (mabowo kapena zomangira mu msoko) kenako gwiritsani ntchito ngati chizindikiro, ndikuyika njerwa pakona.

Nyengo Zanyumba ndi Chipata Chokwera

Mukayika mizati njerwa, tiyenera kuganizira momwe mudzalumikizirana nawo. Kotero kuti panali mwayi wokonza mpanda wopingasa kuti mudzaze mpandawo kumapaipi omwe ali pakati pa mzati, pre-matalala. Itha kukhala ngodya, ma studis, "makutu" chifukwa cha mitengo yamatabwa, etc. Anawawalitsa pamtunda umodzi kotero kuti mphero zosendazi zidali zopingasa.

Njira imodzi ndiyoyenera pakuyenda pansi paukadaulo, wonjenjemera

Zosankha zanyumba zitha kukhala zosiyana. Wina wapanga pakona, wina ali ndi ma studio okwanira. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa kudzaza mpandawo (komwe amatulutsa) kapena unyinji wa Spans upangiri utapangidwa.

Zosankha zanyumba mumizere njerwa

Pansi pa kulemera kosiyana kumafunikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi

Pansi pa chipata kapena chipata kumafuna magawo atatu achitsulo ndi makulidwe a zitsulo osachepera 3 mm (bwino kuposa 4 mm kapena zochulukirapo).

Chitsanzo cha malo azomwe zimabera zipata

Chipangizocho ndi kukhazikitsa kwa chipata chaposachedwa. Za momwe mungasungire chipata chotupachi, werengani pano.

Kupanga kapu pa mzati wa njerwa

Kuteteza njerwa ku chinyezi, pamwamba pa chipilala zimatsekedwa ndi kapu. Amagulitsidwa pamiyeso yambiri, pali chitsulo, konkriti kapena kapangidwe kake. Ngati mukufuna, kapu pamtengo kuchokera padenga imatha kupangidwa ndi manja awo. Pansipa pali chiwembu. Mutha kulolera kukula, kenako ndikuwerama pa shawib pa mizere yomwe yafotokozedwayo. Basen chopangidwa ndi ma rivets apadera, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito zomata zakukhosi. Zokhazo ndizofunikira kuti mupititse mabowo obowola, olakwika molakwika ndi anti-stroko, ndiye utoto.