Malo oyandama ndi mtundu wa dongosolo lomwe lili ndi maziko popanda kukonzekera kwake. Pali zosankha zingapo ngati izi, ndipo zimagawika potengera zida zosankhidwa.
Ngati muli ngati oyandama oyandama, ndiye kuti uku ndi kupanga zigawo zingapo. Udindo uliwonse umanyamula kopita. Tidzayesa kuti tidziwane ndi zizindikiro zamtundu wamtunduwu.
Cholinga Chamandama
Ambiri abwera vuto ngati lotere ngati phokoso lomwe limabwera kumakutu athu nyumba. Izi zili choncho makamaka ndi nyumba zotetezeka zambiri. Chipindacho chilipo, mulingo waukulu.
Zitsanzo za Kapangidwe Zoyandama
Chimodzi mwazinthu zotulukapo za kuchepa kwake ndikukulitsa katundu wambiri wapansi. Pali njira zingapo zachikhalidwe zoperekera mawu omveka, monga kuyika linoleum ndi kapeti. Koma zolembedwazi zinapezeka pamakampani amakono omanga ngati oyandama.
Linoleum imatha kukhala imodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zimapangitsa phokoso
Amayikidwa mwachindunji pama slab a wokulirapo ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusankha kwawo kwa ogula malinga ndi mwayi ndi mitengo.
Ndikothekanso kuphatikiza zosankha zamtunduwu. Makhalidwe a zida zokopa mawu zimaperekedwa patebulo.
Zojambula
Kupanga kwanyumba ndiukadaulo watsopano womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pansi ndi wopangidwa ndi wosanjikiza uja:
- zokutidwa;
- Maziko omwe amamanga, omanga, monolithic swala.
- Kusanja kwabwino, komwe kumakhala ndi zida zoyenera.
Zigawo zotsekedwa siziyenera kutseka kukhoma la chipindacho
Zoterezi zamitundu yamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo kuti zigawo zonse sizigwirizana ndi zokuta. Mphindiyi ikhoza kudziwika ndi zinthu zabwino, monga kusintha kulikonse ku ntchito yomanga, mapangidwe a pansi pawokha amakhala osasinthika.
Mbali yotsatirayi ndikuti kugona sikunapangidwe pafupi ndi makoma a chipindacho. Njira imalepheretsa kufalitsa mafunde mawu ndikuchotsa phokoso powomba pamakoma.
Dziwani kuti pansi yoyandama siyingapereke chidziwitso cha 100%, koma pofika 50-70% kudzipatula kwa mawu omwe amaperekedwa.
Kupanga pansi
Zolemba pamutu: Zojambula Zamanja Chifukwa Chopatsa: Timapanga ziwerengero kuchokera ku thovu ndi manja anu (zithunzi 30)
Chifukwa chake, taonani pansi pansi, kapangidwe ka komwe kumatha kutchulidwa motere:
- Vapor oundana;
- Kukula;
- wosanjikiza madzi;
- Malizani kukonzanso wosanjikiza.
Kumalizidwa komalizira kumakhazikika pamasamba omaliza.
Ubwino ndi Wosatha
Zipinda zoyandama zimatha kutumikiridwa mpaka zaka 15
Monga tanena kale, pansi yoyandama ndi kapangidwe koimira pawokha, komwe, ngati kuli kotheka, imasokonekera ndikukonzekera kwina. Makhalidwe abwino a pansi amtunduwu atha kutchulidwa kuti:
- Mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi makonzedwe a zigawo zolekanitsa pansi.
- Imapereka mphamvu yabwino yamafuta. Amabweretsa chitonthozo ndi chitonthozo m'chipindacho, popeza zinthu zapamwamba zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa mgwirizano wawo.
- Tekisiki yosavuta. Itha kuchitidwa ndi manja anu, omwe adzapulumutse.
- Ndi zopangidwa bwino zolimba, monga zilili ndi zigawo zambiri.
- Kutalika kwa ntchito. Ngakhale pankhani ya zovuta za nyumbayo, pansi zimakhalabe mu boma. Ntchito yautumiki yoyandama imafika zaka 15.
- Kukana kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
- Kuthekera kugawa katundu wosafana.
- Kupatula zapamwamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti pokhazikitsa pansi sizimagwiritsa ntchito zomangira, zomwe panthawi yayamba kufooketsa.
Koma, ngakhale muli ndi zabwino zambiri, palinso chisawawa. Zovuta za mtundu uliwonse wa oyandama oyandama awo. Mutha kudziwa zambiri kuti kutalika kwa chipindacho kumachepa pakukonzekera kwawo. Za momwe mungayike mapangidwe oyandama, onani kanemayu:
Timayang'anatu kuti makonzedwe a pansi oyandama amachitika bwino m'zipinda zonse, kuyambira mulimonsemo zikufunika kuchepetsa zitseko zamkati.
Komanso, ngati chipindacho chili ndi zovala zotsika, kenako kuchokera ku makonzedwe oyandama omwe adzausiye.
Maonedwe
Pansi panthaka ikhoza kukhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadalira cholinga ndi mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powakhazikitsa:
- konkrite;
- ndi mtundu wowuma;
- Ophatikizidwa.
Timalongosola mwachidule mtundu uliwonse wa pansi.
Simenti
Ngati zikuyenera kuvumbula pansi pamatongwa akulu, ndiye kuti ndibwino kupatsira zovala zoyandama. Izi zimupatsa mphamvu yayikulu komanso yodalirika. Makonzedwe ake ndikufanizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa simenti.
- Poyamba, timayika matepu owuma m'njira yoti mmbali mwake amapitirira malire omwe amagawidwa pansi.
- Gawo lotsatira ndikuyika kwa ubweya wa mchere. Kusungunuka kumachitika kuti mawonekedwe ofunikira kuchokera kumakoma amaperekedwa.
- Pamwamba pa chisudzo, tidayika filimuyo kuti ikhale yolimbitsa madzi ndi mfuti zolimbitsa thupi.
- Timachita zodzaza ndi simenti yokhala ndi makulidwe a 5-7 cm.
Nkhani pamutu: Zosankha za bajeti za greeghouse zimachita nokha
Ubwino wa zosiyana chonchi wa zipinda zoyandama zimaphatikizapo mphamvu zambiri komanso zimamveka. Imalimbana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana komanso zovuta zamakina.
Koma timaganizira za kuti matembenuzidwe okha ndi omwe amangokonzedwa ndiukadaulo woyenera adzatha kupereka zinthu zabwino.
Tengani kuyanika osakwana tsiku limodzi
Kutembenuka konkriti sikuli bwino, ndiye kuti kukhazikika kwa zomwezigonana sizingatheke. Zovuta za ziweto zoyandama zimaphatikizira nthawi yolumikizana ya osanjikiza konkriti.
Osachepera tsiku limodzi amadalira njirayi, kutengera nyengo ndi kutentha m'chipindacho. Kukhazikitsa kwa osambitsa, pokhapokha mutayanika.
Yowuma
Pansi yoyandama ya njira yowuma nthawi zambiri imasankha kupanga mawonekedwe osalala kuti muike pansi. Monga chotenthetsera, chisakanizo cha dongo ndi mchenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.
Chonde dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kosafunikira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali.
Masitima owuma owuma ofunikira omwe amafunikira mwa chisamaliro chapadera, kulimba kwake kumadalira
Manja owuma ndi osiyana ndi konkriti yomwe siyipirira katundu wamkulu, ndipo nthawi yopuma siyifuna. Chifukwa chake, kuti ikanitse pansi zosonkhanitsa zitha kuyambitsidwa nthawi yomweyo chitoliro pansi.
Zoyipa za owuma zimaphatikizapo kukana chinyezi kwambiri, koma zitha kukhala zowonjezeka. Kuti muchite izi, ingotsekani malo odalirika a madzi. Ngati mungagule zinthu zabwino, ndiye kuti chinyezi cha zowuma sichingakhale chowopsa.
Tangoganizirani kusankha kwa njira yabwino kwambiri yoyatsira pansi pa zouma:
- kuwonetsetsa kudzazidwa;
- Kuyika kwa osanjikiza madzi;
- Zida zogona. Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa zouma zouma, onani vidiyoyi:
Njira iyi ndi youma yowuma sizitenga kutalika kwa chipindacho ndipo sikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopukutira.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungasankhire galasi: malingaliro
Pansi
Mitundu yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo zokutira zomwe zimayikidwa kuchokera ku board ya T-state, lomet kapena parquet. Nthawi zina pomwe malo osokoneza bongo a Lock, amaikika gawo lapadera kapena tayi youma.
Zinthu za kukhazikitsa pansi zili pamaso pa mikhalidwe iwiri:
- Pamwamba ziyenera kukhala zouma kwathunthu;
- Pamwamba ili ndi yosalala.
Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti moyo wa pansi pazabwino sizikhala nthawi yayitali.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za pansi zotsogola ndi pansi.
Pansi ndi ingokhala chabe, nthawi iliyonse imatha kusokonekera ndikubwezeretsedwanso.
Kwa dongosolo lake, mapanelo osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutsogolo kwake ndi pulagi yachilengedwe.
Mapanelo amadziwika ndi chithunzicho. Amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito poyambira popanga mzere.
Malumikizidwe a mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi guluu lapadera, lomwe limakhala ndi chinyezi. Zoyipa za nkhata zomwe zimasonkhanitsa amuna ndi akazi zimaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kochepa.
Malangizo oyambira
Magawo onse a pansi amagona popanda othamanga ndi guluu
Chipangizo cha pansi choyandama cha mtundu uliwonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Koma pali nthawi zina zomwe akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutsatira:
- Kuyala pansi poyandama kuyenera kupangidwa pamtunda womangidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi champhamvu;
- Palibe chifukwa choti musamagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa othamanga amtundu uliwonse, guluu sililinso;
- Mukakhazikitsa malo osungira, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalimbikitsidwa masana kuti mugwiritse ntchito zofanana kapena m'nyumba;
- Kuyandama pansi pa pansi paliponse ndizokhazikika pamachitidwe a zenera komanso chilolezo cha makoma;
- Pambuyo poika malo osungirako osungirako ali ndi chokwanira, ndikofunikira kukweza prish pambuyo potha maola osachepera 6.
Makhalidwe ndi upangiri wa akatswiri adzathandiza kusankha njira yoyandama yomwe ili ndi zofunikira zanu komanso mawonekedwe a chipindacho.
Makhalidwe ofunikira onse ayenera kuyamikiridwa ndikukwaniritsa kukhazikitsa kwawo kwapamwamba kwambiri.