Kuti muwonetsetse malo okhala m'nyumba yaikulu imafunikira kukhazikitsa njira yophika yomwe ingalimbikitse mawonekedwe ofunikira. Masiku ano pali njira zambiri zamakina zotere, koma musanayambe kukhazikitsa, ndikofunikira kuwerengera ndalama zonse za kukhazikitsa kuti adziwe bwino kunyumba. Timapeza momwe mungawerengere moyenera dongosolo lotenthetsa zosintha zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito pa gasi lalikulu, nkhuni zamagetsi, magetsi mafuta.
Kusankha wobowola, kapena kwa mtengo wake pokhapokha, komanso kupezeka kwa mafuta.
Chitsanzo cha kuwerengera
Kuti muwerenge mtengo wowombera kunyumba kuphatikiza, onetsetsani kuti pali phindu, ndikofunikira kuganizira mfundo zina. Ali ndi izi:
Njira yoperekera dongosolo laukadaulo mwachilengedwe.
- Kutalika kwa nthawi yotentha (timatenga miyezi isanu ndi iwiri);
- Nthawi ya ntchito ya boiler (theka la nthawi, ndiye kuti, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhalabe ndi kutentha kwa kutentha);
- Mphamvu yotentha ndi masikono khumi (timavomereza kwa averaver - 1 kiwatt mphamvu yamafuta);
- Malo omwe nyumba ya dziko lapansi amatenga mamita 150. Meters, wobowola wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 15 kilowatt adzafunika.
Pamwambo pamwezi ndi: 15 KW * 24 (ola patsiku) * 30 (masiku 10) = h.
Popeza boiler imangogwira ntchito theka nthawi, timapeza phindu lotere monga: 10 800/2 = 5,400 kw / h. Ndiye kuti, kudya kotentha kwa kutentha pamwezi kumakhala 5,400 kw / h.
Kuti muwerenge ndalama zonse munyengo yonse yothiratu, mtengo wake umachulukitsidwa ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri: 5 400 * 7 = 37 800 KW KW / H.
Ngati kutentha kumachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya mpweya, pomwe ma ruble 0,24 amafunikira 1 kw a kutentha, timapeza kuti mtengo wonsewo ndi: 37 800 * 0,072 = 9,072.
Mukamawerengera nyumba yotenthetsera, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti ziwerengero zathuzi ndizomwe zimatengedwa nthawi yayitali, zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kutengera makulidwe amiyala, zopangidwa zawo , kutentha kwakunja. Kuwerengera kowerengera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yonse yamitundu youtira, kokha pamtengo wokwera mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lililonse pazinthu zotenthetsera.
Nkhani pamutu: Ndikosavuta bwanji komanso yosavuta kupanga bandeji yothina ndi manja anu
Pamafuta olimba
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo mokakamizika.
Njira imodzi yofananira ya chipangizo chotenthetsera nyumba zakumidzi ndi boolers olimba omwe amapangira nkhuni. Sikofunikira kuganiza kuti ma ng'anjowo adabweranso m'mbuyomu, zitsanzo zawo zamakono masiku ano ndizotchuka kwambiri, sizimalola kungopanga machenjere nyumbayo, komanso onetsetsani kuti madzi otentha amayenda. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chinkhungu chomwe chimapangidwa kuti kuphika.
Kuti muwerengere mtengo wotentha, ganizirani izi:
- Mtengo wa mita imodzi ya nkhuni, lero ndi ma ruble awiri akamayamba kutumizidwa ndi mayendedwe awo;
- Mu mita imodzi ya cubic 650 makilogalamu, ndiye kuti mtengo wa kilogalamu imodzi ndi yofanana: 2000/650 = 3.08, ozungulira mtengo womwe umapezeka ndipo timakhala kuti mtengo wa ma ruble atatu;
- Kuti mupeze kutentha 1 kilowatt, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito 0,4 makilogalamu a nkhuni, ndiye kuti, 3 * 0.4 = 1.2 = 1.2. Ndikofunikira kupeza kutentha kwa kilowatta mu ndalama zofanana ndi ma ruble a 1.2.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi
Chiwembu ndi mfundo ya electrotel.
Chimodzi mwazosankha za chipangizo chotenthetsera m'nyumba yachinsinsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Mphamvu zoterezi zimatha kusinthidwa mokwanira mu mafuta, kotero kuti mupeze kutentha kwa 1 kw ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 1 KW ya mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuwerengera njira yotentha, podziwa mtengo wake wa kilowatt. Mtengo wa malowa m'magawo ndi pafupifupi 3.34 ma ruble. Sitiiwala kuti mtengo wa kilowatt imodzi imatha kusintha pakapita nthawi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wake pakadali pano.
Panthawi yotentha, ndikofunikira kuthera mphamvu pafupifupi 37,800 kilowatt mphamvu. Timamasulira mtengo womwe umakhala ndi ndalama zofananira, timapeza: 37800 * 3,34 = 86252 ruble, ndiye kuti, pa nyengo yotentha pachaka (ndipo ili ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri) imasiya ma ruble 126 252.
Kwa boilers akugwira ntchito pamafuta amadzi
Tsopano tiyeni tiyese kuwerengera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha kungawononge ndalama zingati, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamafuta amadzimadzi, ndiye kuti, dizilo. Fomu ili yosavuta, kuwerengera kuphatikiza:
Kuyenda kwamafuta amadzimadzi kutengera malo a nyumbayo ndi mphamvu ya boiler.
- Mtengo wa lita ufa. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wake ndi ma ruble 34 pa l;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta 1 kw ya mphamvu yamafuta. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dizilo, voliyumu ya malita 0,14 imafunikira (zimatengera CPD ya boiler, ndikofunikira kuganizira powerengera);
- Mtengo wa kutentha. Pankhaniyi, ndi ma ruble a 34 * 0.14 malita = 4.76 ma ruble.
- Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa kutentha kwanyengo (ndipo uku ndi pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri pachaka) ndi 37,800 kw * 4.46 ma rubles = 168 588 pa.
Nkhani pamutu: Kukongoletsa mipando yakale ndi manja awo
Mtengo wake umakhala wofunikira, makamaka ngati umakufanizira ndi mpweya. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kulumikizana kwa pamsewu waukulu kunyumba kumatha kukuwuka pafupifupi ma ruble 250,000, ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zogwirizira zowombera pamafuta amadzi! Ndipo ngati msewu waukulu wopereka mpweya ku nyumbayo sunaperekedwe? Chipangizo cha gaagolder ndi ntchito yawo imatha kukhala yodula kwambiri, nthawi zina, nthawi zina, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa boolers pamafuta amadzimadzi, ngakhale kuti nthawi yotsiriza imachepera.
Mwa zisonyezo zachuma, ma boilers omwe ali mnyumbayo amataya njira zotenthetsera. Koma pali zochitika zomwe magekisi amangosatheka, ndipo mitundu yotsala ya zida si njira yothetsera vutoli, motero mafuta amafuta ndi njira yovomerezeka.
Kuti muwerenge mtengo wa mtengo woyamba, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti mtengo wa mtunda umodzi m (poganizira mtengo wa zida zokha ndipo kukhazikitsa kwake) ndi ma ruble pafupifupi 1680. Ndiye kuti, kwa nyumba yayikulu, malo omwe ali 150 otalika. Mita, mtengo wonse wa zida zotenthetsa udzakhala rubles 252. Musaiwale kuti mtengo uli ndi zida zazikulu zomwe zidagulidwa, mtengo wake ndi chiyani.
Kufanizira kwa mtengo: Ndi njira iti yotentha yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri?
Ndiye kodi dongosolo la kuthirira m'nyumba ya dziko limapindulitsa bwanji? Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake, posankha, ndikofunikira kuganizira mosiyanasiyana zomwe zingachitike:
Makhalidwe aukadaulo a boiler akamagwira ntchito pamafuta amadzimadzi ndi mpweya.
- Njira zotenthetsera zamagetsi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri malinga ndi kugula ndi kukhazikitsa. Mtengo wa boiler yamagetsi si yayikulu poyerekeza ndi zida zina za mafuta, kuwononga chimbudzi sikofunikira, chipangizo cha chipinda chosiyana cha chipinda cha boiler sichikufunika. Miyeso ndi zofunikira zokuthandizani kuti muyike ogula m'malo abwino. Koma mbali inayo, mtengo wamagetsi ndiwokwera kuonetsetsa kuti watenthetsa nyumba yayikulu;
- Makina otsimikiza amawononga ndalama zoposa magetsi, ndalama zoyambira zimabwera ku chipangizo cha Chimney kuti muchotse zinthu zoyaka. Kuchita ndi kukhazikitsa kwa dongosololi mnyumbayo kuyenera kupangidwa kokha m'miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo. Koma mtengo wa mafuta umakhala wocheperako, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndizachuma, mutha kukonza chakudya chokha, chomwe chimachotsa gawo la munthu akamagwira ntchito;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya waukulu wotentha. Njira iyi malinga ndi ndalama zafala pafupifupi mapangidwe a mafuta. Muyenera kulinganiza zowotcha za zinthu zoyaka, sankhani chipinda chosiyana chokhazikitsa boaler. Koma pali mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagesi zomwe zili ndi dongosolo lokakamiza pochotsa utsi, zomwe zimasunga ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha ndi mpweya ndizachuma, nthawi zambiri nyumba zowombera tawuni ndizabwino kwambiri kwa nyumba zonyamula anthu, ngati palibe kuthekera kwa msewu waukulu, wotchinga wa gasi ndikotheka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta sikwakulu kwambiri, mtengo wogwira ntchito ndi mafuta okha ndi okongola mwezi;
- Mukamatenthetsa mnyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta obowola mafuta, mtengo wake ndiye wamkulu kwambiri. Kuyika kwa zida zotere ndipo kulumikizana kwake ndi imodzi mwazomwe ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndikofunikira chipinda chapadera chomwe chili ndi zida zotetezera moto. Zipangizozi zikagwira ntchito, fungo losasangalatsa limachitika kuti nyumba yokhala ndi nyumba siyiloledwa. Mtengo wa mafutawo umakhala wokwera, kotero kwa nyumba zakumtunda, kukhazikitsa koteroko sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni (ndizotheka monga mwangozi yowola).
Nkhani pamutu: Mwala osambira miyala
Masiku ano, machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi ntchito zawo komanso zowawa zawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa nyumba yaimwini. Kusankha kwa kachitidwe chotere kumadalira maofesi ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri mtengo wa kuyika ndi mtengo womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi opaleshoni. Asanakonzekere zida za chipangizo chokonza nyumba zapanyumba, ndikofunikira kuti muwerenge zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito njira ina.