Chithunzi
Nzika zochulukirachulukira zikuyesera kuthawa nyumba yoyaka yachilengedwe, kutali ndi phokoso la magalimoto ndi smog. Ndipo chifukwa chaichi, dacha ndioyenera kwambiri. Pumulani, zabwino kukhala ndi anzanu kapena kutenga dimba ndi dimba - nyumba yonse ndiyabwino. Nyumba ya dziko idzapulumutsa ku mvula komanso kuzizira, ndipo nyumba zachuma zidzatsimikizika chitetezo chambiri.
Nyumba za chimango zikuchulukirachulukira. Amaleredwa mwachangu pazonsezi.
Nyumbayo, ngati sichoncho, imatha kudzipangira nokha. Kupatula apo, matekinono amakono amakulolani kuchita izi mwachangu komanso mwachuma. Nyumba zamitundu ya njerwa, slagobolock pang'onopang'ono zikasunthira m'mbuyomu. Izi ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamaluso. Nyumba yamizinda yokhala ndi manja anu imatha kukhazikitsidwa chilimwe. Ndipo pomwepo pa kanyumba mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tchuthi chanu ndi banja lonse kwa chaka chamawa. Komabe, kanyumba kamatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati munthawi yotentha, komanso monga nyumba yokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, nyumba zakunyumba za ukadaulo wa chimango pang'onopang'ono zimapeza otsatira awo.
Zojambula
Dongosolo la ntchito yanyumba.
Ntchito iliyonse imayamba ndi polojekiti. Ndipo nyumba za chilimwe ndizosiyana. Kukhalapo kwa ntchitoyi kumathandiza kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika, komanso kuchuluka kwawo, komwe ndikofunikira pakumanga nyumbayo ndi manja awo. Pulojekiti yopambana idzapulumutse zida zokhazokha, komanso kuchepetsa zotsalira za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutengera ntchitoyi, mutha kusankha nthawi yomanga ndi kufunikira kwake. Nyumba ya chimakhala iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za makamu, motero popanga ntchito ndikofunikira kuganizirana malingaliro a mabanja onse. Muli pa gawo lopanga kuti mutha kusintha kukula kulikonse kunyumba. Mukupanga kumanga, ndiye, mwina, mwina zimalumikizana ndi mavuto angapo.
Ganizirani zida zofunikira:
- nyundo;
- nkhwangwa;
- nayimbana;
- rolelete;
- kuchuluka;
- mulingo;
- Screwdriver ndi ena.
Maziko: Zomangamanga zomanga
Nyumba za maziko nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa. Monga chipinda chachiwiri mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda pansi pa denga.
Nyumba za chimango za Dacha nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa mu kutalika kwa pansi, ndipo mapangidwe ake padenga amakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chipinda pansi pa denga ngati 2 pansi. Ntchito yomanga imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zokwanira zozimitsa bwino: matayala a matabwa, ma sheet, ma sheet, masamu othilira (kapenanso). Chifukwa chake, ntchito yomanga maziko amphamvu komanso yolimba siyofunikira.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungasungire zitseko zomwe mungachite
Monga maziko omwe mungagwiritse ntchito:
- Scress kapena miyala yoyikidwa;
- mzati;
- Ritibon maziko otsika mkati.
Mukamasankha njira yosungira chizindikiro, koyambirira kuyenera kuganizira za nthaka yomwe nyumba ya chimango imamangidwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mzere wodzaza ndi yankho lokhazikika.
Pomanga maziko a Commera, zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zida zidzafunikire:
- Mapaipi a Asuri (mzaka);
- simenti, mchenga, kachigawo kakang'ono ka mwala, madzi a yankho la konkriti;
- Kubowola (mafuta kapena buku lamanja);
- kuchuluka;
- Traamu;
- Chosakanizira konkriti kapena thanki yosakanikirana pamawu.
Chiwembu cha maziko osawuka.
Musanalembetse maziko amathandizira zam'tsogolo kunyumba. Pa gawo ili pamtunda pafupifupi 80 cm, mabowo a mizamu amawuma. Ming'alu ya asbocomate imayikidwa molunjika mokhazikika pamphaka, ndipo malo aulere amagona bwino ndi mchenga, koma osasokoneza ofukula. Kuti mupeze kachulukidwe, mchenga umathiriridwa ndi madzi.
Kenako, konkriti imathiridwa kudzera munthawi yapadera mkati mwa mapaipi. Konkriti yakonzedwa kuchokera ku simenti, mchenga ndi zinyalala muyezo wa 1: 4: 5. Nthawi yomweyo, konkriti sayenera kukhala wandiweyani ndikudzaza malo mkati mwa chitoliro cha Asuribe. Pamiyala ikufunika kukhazikitsa mbale zomwe zimapezeka pamenepo. Kutsanulidwa kwathunthu kwa konkriti, ndikotheka kuyamba kumanga nyumba yokha.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtunda pakati pamatumbo umatha kukhala wosiyana pamaziko a kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukonzekera kwa nyumbayo. Zonsezi ziyenera kuwerengedwa ndi kuwerengeredwa pamalo opangira.
Chimango: Zothandiza
Chithunzi chojambulira pansi.
Nyumba zaofesi zamizinda zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Koma podzimanga, mtengo umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kupanga kwa maziko a nyumbayo kumayamba ndi pansi. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuwombera kochepa. Pazigawo izi, kukula kwake kwa 150x150 mm, kuyika m'mphepete pamaziko. Pamwamba pa mizati ndi malo ogona angapo a nthochi ngati madzi.
Mothandizidwa ndi zomangira zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 100-120 mm, matabwa ozungulira amkati amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake. Zomangira 95 mm zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza bolodi yapamwamba yapansi pansi. Pambuyo polumikiza matabwa onse owombera apansi, nsonga za mabodi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi electrolabank, ndikuyang'ana mulingo wa zopingasa, diaponal, ngodya. Kuwoloka kotsika kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi mulingo, skew pang'ono zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe munyumba yonse ya dziko.
Chotsatira, ma grooroos a rack a ngodya m'makonawo ndipo munthawi yonse yokhazikitsa ma lags amathandizidwa ndi njinga yamagetsi kapena macheke. M'lifupi pakati pa ma lag limatsimikizika ndi m'lifupi mwake kutentha kwamilandu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi. Ngati chipindacho chimaperekedwa pakukhazikitsa kwa ng'anjo yolemetsa kapena poyatsira moto, ndiye kuti ma logs m'malo ano amayikidwa ndi mtunda wocheperako. Zolemba pansi zimayikidwa mu ma groolo ndikukhazikika pamiyala ya maziko ndi pansi pa kuwombera.
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Dongosolo litayika kutentha ma forts pansi.
Pafupi ndi ziwalo zam'munsi za m'mimba kudutsamo zimadyetsedwa 40x40 kapena bolodi lakuda. Pakati pa iwo pakati pa ma lags, milomo ya plywood kapena ma sheet a OSB amakokedwa. Kukonza ndi zomangira zodzikongoletsera. Pambuyo pake, ikani chosanjikiza chopanda madzi, kenako ndikutulutsa. Ndikofunikira kuti ma alangizi amaika masharubu - ipangabe kutentha. Kenako, malo onse amaphimbidwa ndi filimu yokhazikika. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuphimba ma lagi ndi kutchinjiriza. Kanemayo amakhazikika ndi mabatani ndi malo okhazikika pamalo ogona, ndipo seams pakati pa mizere ya mizere imasinthidwa ndi scotch. Pa mpweya pansi, bolodi 40x10 imayikidwa pamwamba pa vaporizolation. Mpweya wabwinowu udzakhala woteteza pansi motsutsana ndi kuvunda. Kenako, piston pansi.
Zida zake zitha kukhala matabwa, omwe amayikidwa mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndi kulumikizana, kapena ma sylood masiketi osachepera 5 cm. . Zoyala ndi mipiringidzo (matabwa), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogonana, ndikofunikira kukonza antiseptic nyimbo kuti afotokozere moyo wa ntchito ndikupewa mawonekedwe a bowa wowola.
Kuyika kwa Gaph Kutsegulana pokhazikitsa pansi.
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa pansi, kumanga kwa maziko a midzi yanyumba yapita. Ma rart a verk amaphatikizidwa ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zapansipansi. Chiwonetsero chokhazikika moyang'anizana ndi gawo la zomangamanga ndikukonza ma racks mothandizidwa ndi ashin. Mitengo yowonjezerayi imalumikizidwa pansi ndi misomali yamtchire. M'tsogolo, pambuyo pa kutha kwa nyumba yoyamba, ma drive awa amasungunuka. Nthawi ya 40x40 mm imatha kukhala ngati otalika, omwe amaphatikizidwa pamfundo ya ma groves mu poyambira ndipo amakhazikika ndi misomali. Pambuyo pokonza onse olumpha, mutha kubzala makoma akunja ndi mafuta osb kapena mapepala a plywood. Siyani khomo lokhalo ndi lotseguka zenera. Kuyika kwakumanja kumatha kukhala kobiri imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa kumunsi, komwenso kamakhala nawonso.
Nkhani pamutu: Makatani okhazikika mwa ana: Malangizo posankha
Kukhazikitsa padenga
Pambuyo pa chingwe chokwanira pansi chakonzeka, ndikofunikira kuyamba kupanga denga. Mabwalo a denga amaikidwa pamtunda wapamwamba, womwe umakhazikika ndi ma drive afupiafupi. Mtunda pakati pa mtengo ndi 60 cm. Kenako, bukuli pamtengowo limakulungidwa ndi bolodi losasankhidwa. OSB kapena Plywood Shield pa bolodi ili, yomwe idzakhale ngati denga. M'malo pakati pa matanda amasungunuka.
Monga momwe, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala a ubweya wa michere, Cerathete, kutentha kutentha. Mukayika chimbudzi, mawonekedwe onse amaphimbidwa ndi ma sheet ostery osb ndi a sturce kapena prennel.
Kapangidwe kake ovala zovala.
Zomangira zimaphatikizidwa ndi mitengo. Nthawi yomweyo, malekezero am'munsi a rafter ayenera kukhala kunja kwa 50 cm. Zowonjezera zowonjezera, khwangwala amagwiritsa ntchito zophimba zazifupi, kutsiriza limodzi komwe kumakhomeredwa pamiyala, ndi inayo ndi mitengo. Izi zidzapanga kapangidwe ka kuuma. Mtunda pakati pa ziweto sukuposa 60 cm.
Kukonza Rabsters kuchokera kumwamba, mutha kupanga gawo la skate padenga. Chotsatira chotsatira cha kiramu yaiwisi. Ma board amatha kumenyedwa mwamphamvu wina kapena patali. Kwa madzi oyambira pamwamba pa mabodiwo atayika wosanjikiza wa khwangwala - zinthu zosavuta kwambiri. Kugona kumapangidwa ndi vertical vertal ndi msomali wokhala ndi chipewa chachikulu.
Ma seams ndi ofunikira kuti azikulunga mwapadera.
Kuti mutha kuwonjezera madzi oyambira, mutha kuyika kachiwiri kwa khwangwala, kuyiyika iyo perpengocular koyamba. Kenako, zinthu zofowoka ziyenera kusungidwa, mwachitsanzo, luso lapanyumba pansi, matabwa osinthika, zitsulo zamiyala. Chilichonse chomwe chimasankhidwa, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamala kuti mupewe mphepo.
Ngati nyumba ya mafupa akonzedwa popanda utoto ndipo chipinda chino chidzakhala, ndiye kuti chimakhala chotchinga, chotchinga cha vapor, chilichonse chimasoka ndi osb-lywood, monga zachitidwa m'nyumba yonse.
Zokongoletsera zakunja ndi zamkati
Mukakhazikitsa chimango komanso padenga, mutha kupita pachikuto chakunja. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbale za OSB kuti muthane ndi makoma akunja kapena ma sheet olimba a plywood. Amalumikizidwa ndi ma racks okhala ndi zomata za screwdriver. Kenako iyenera kuyika makoma.
Njira yotulutsira linga siyosiyana ndi yomwe yatsirizidwa pomanga pansi, kupatula kuti mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri sunachitike. Mapeto a padenga nawonso amasoka Osb-mbale. Nyumbayo imamangidwa ndi manja awo. Zokongoletsera zakunja zokha komanso zamkati zokha. Zabwino zonse!
