Momwe mungapangire khonde kupita kunyumba

Njira yolondola kwambiri ndi pomwe maziko ake amaponyedwa pamodzi ndi nyumbayo. Pankhaniyi, palibe mavuto. Nthawi zina mukamakonzekera nyumba yaiwalika za izi. Kenako khonde limalumikizidwa kunyumba. Pangani zowonjezera makamaka za zinthu zitatu: nkhuni, zitsulo ndi konkriti. Ngati nyumba ya njerwa imatha kuyikulungidwa kuchokera ku njerwa. Njira ina ndikupanga kuchokera pamavuto omwe ali ndi kumaliza. Mulimonsemo, kukonzekera kupanga khonde ndi manja anu, nthawi yomweyo muyenera kusankha komwe kukhazikitsidwa ndi kugwirizira kapena ayi ndi chipindacho.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo

Choyamba muyenera kusankha mwanjira yomwe maphwando adzasiya masitepe. Amatha kukhala ndi mbali imodzi kapena itatu kapena itatu. Dziwani izi pamaziko a zokonda zanu ndi ndalama zomwe mungathe / ndikufuna kugawa zomanga. Kutalika kwa kakhonde kumadalira kutalika kwa maziko ndikuyenera kukhala 50-70 mm m'munsi mwa ziweto. Gawo laling'onoli sililola mpweya kulowa mnyumba. Mwina ndikofunikira kuti musalole chitseko chitseko chitseko ngati khonde kuchokera ku chisanu, ngati zitseko zitatseguka.

Dziwani kukula kwa nsanja yapamwamba

Khothi la Khonde likuyamba kudziwa kukula kwa nsanja yapamwamba. Ngati zitseko zitatseguka, muyenera kukhala ndi mwayi woyimilira pamalopo kuti mutsegule zitseko. Ndiye kuti, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala 30-40 masenti akulu kuposa kutalika kwa chipolowe cha ku Valvase. Malinga ndi malingaliro akomweko, masamba ake ayenera kukhala 1.5 m'lifupi mwake. Zambiri zitha kukhala zochepa - zosasangalatsa - zosasangalatsa.

Momwe mungapangire khonde kupita kunyumba

Khonde lokhala ndi gawo laling'ono

Ngati zitseko zanu 80, kenako kuya kwa nsanja yapamwamba kwambiri kuli masentimita 120. M'lifupi mwake imakhazikika pokongoletsa zonunkhira ndi magawo a nyumbayo, koma ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa m'lifupi mwake.

Timalingalira kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa masitepe

Kutalika kwa khonde mukudziwa: 50-60 mm pansi pa chitseko cha chiwonongeko. Kutalika kolimbikitsidwa kwa gawo (kukwera) ndi 15-20 masentimita. Gawani kutalika kwa khonde mpaka kutalika kwa madigiri, pezani njira zingapo. Chiwerengerocho sichimapezeka kawirikawiri. Zigawo zotsalazo zitha kugawidwa pakati pa masitepe onse kapena kupanga imodzi ya izo pamwambapa. Njira ina ndikupanga gawo laling'ono pansi, ngakhale lingakhale lovuta.

Magawo owoneka bwino

Mulifupi kwambiri (commenus) 25-30 cm. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa masitepe, kuya kwa nsanja kumtunda, kuya kwa masitepe, mutha kuwerengera kukula kwa khonde kwathunthu. Pa iwo mutha kukulitsa maziko pansi pa khonde.

Mukamasankha magawo a masitepe, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a Snipa: Chiwerengero cha chiwongola dzanja komanso chotupa chizikhala mkati mwa 600-640 mm. Mwachitsanzo, mudawerengera kuti kutalika kwa siteji (kukwera) muli ndi 17 cm, kubwera (pang'ono) 280 mm. Pambuyo pochita kuwerengera, timapeza: 170 mm * 2 + 280 mm = 620 mm. M'magawo olimbikitsidwa, timakwanitsa, zimatanthawuza kusintha kalikonse.

Maziko ofunikira

Ngati khonde limakonzedwa ndi kuwala - matabwa kapena chitsulo - maziko, nthawi zambiri, amapangira mulu kapena mzere kapena mzere. Osankhidwa mwachinsinsi pamaziko a miyambo. Pa dothi loyera lokhala ndi madzi otsika pansi, maziko abwino, okhala ndi chizolowezi chopempha, amafunikira mulu, mwina kutero.

Kwa khonde lalikulu - lopangidwa ndi njerwa kapena konkriti konkriti - kupanga mbale ya riboni kapena mbale. Mtundu wapansi ndi womwe umafanana ndi nyumba yomwe nyumbayo imamangidwa.

Mitundu ya maziko pansi pa khonde

Kenako muyenera kusankha ngati mungamange maziko a khonde ndi maziko a nyumba kapena ayi. Zisankho zimatengedwa pamaziko a unyinji wokonzedwa ndi dothi. Ndipo mmenemo, ndipo kusankha kwina kuli ndi zophophonya. Ngati palibe cholumikizira, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ming'alu pamzere wa khonde ndi nyumbayo, chifukwa cha ufa wa chisanu, khonde limatha kufinya. Ndi vuto loterolo, eni malo a nyumba zamalimwe nthawi zambiri amakhala akukumana - makamaka khonde limapangitsa matabwa komanso osakhazikika. Dziko lapansi lidzazirala, limatha kukhala pansi "pamalo, ndipo lingafunike njira zina zowonjezera.

Chida cholumikizidwa, ndizothekanso kupanga ming'alu, koma osati kokha kokha, komanso mu "thupi" lowonjezera. Izi zimachitika ngati magwiridwe antchito omwe atsimikizika sangalipire katundu wosakhazikika wopangidwa ndi nyumba ndi kuwonjezera. Chifukwa chake, maziko ophatikizidwa a khonde amapangidwa ngati atalumikizidwa ndi nyumba yolemera ndipo ikhale yokhayokha ndi yolemetsa komanso yayikulu, yopangidwa ndi konkire yolimbitsa mtima. Kusintha kwachiwiri ndi yankholi ndikuti kulumikizana ndi mkhalidwe wapamwamba kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, zolimbikitsidwa ndi nthiti zokhala ndi mainchesi 12-16 mm imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayikidwa pamaziko a bowo ndi m'mimba mwake. Amakhala otsekeredwa ndi zolimbitsa ndikukhala maziko ake khonde.

Nkhani pamutu: Makomawa amadzimadzi mu holway

Mapangidwe a masitepe

Pali mapangidwe awiri a masitepe: pamaboma komanso pa cosos. Zitha kukhala zopangidwa ndi mitengo, chitsulo. Palinso zosankha zophatikizira - zitsulo + kapena njira zachitsulo zomangira.

Mapangidwe a masitepe - pazachuma komanso pa cosos

Pa kukula

Masitepe osungira zinthu pazinthu ndizosavuta. Kwa khonde - njira yabwino, makamaka ngati nyumbayo ili ndi mitengo yamatanda kapena yaying'ono. Zithandizo zothandizira zimalumikizidwa mkati mwa mkati. Ngati mungagwire ntchito ndi chitsulo, mipiringidzo imayikidwa molunjika (mutha kukhala ndi kukoma kocheperako 1-2 ° kuti mutulukire madzi). Pankhani ya mtengo, zothandizira zitha kukhomeredwa, pomwe gawo lidzakhazikika, kapena zomwe zimadulidwa zimadulidwa (osati zoposa 1/2 za makubati), momwe ma board amaikidwira.

Pa kowras

Masitepe pamtandawo amathanso kukhala kapangidwe kake - ndi othandizira. Pankhaniyi, kumtunda kwa bolodi kumadulidwa pansi pa ngodya yofunikira. Gawo lawo lotsika limakhala lothandizira masitepe.

Masitepe

Ndi mzere wodula, ikani kutalika kwa sitejiyo ndi m'lifupi mwake. Amalumikizidwa kumanja kumanja. Malinga ndi lemba la kulembanso kupanga kupanga njira, yomwe masitepe onse amayikidwa.

Mfundo yodulira kouroww

Chiwerengero cha ma cosomes m'masitepe amatengera m'lifupi mwake komanso kuchokera makulidwe a matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasitepe. Wowonda bolodi ya masitepe, nthawi zambiri mooury ayenera kuyika. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo 25 mm, payenera kukhala mtunda wopitilira 50-60 masentimita pakati pa zithandizo ziwiri. Ngati mukufuna mulingo waukulu wamasitepe, ndipo simukufuna kuyika ma board atatu, gwiritsani ntchito matabwa atatu. Ndikofunika kuti asamaphulitsidwe pansi pa mapazi awo.

Ndondomeko ya kusonkhanitsa masitepe pazithunzi

Ngati mungasankhe kuphika masitepe pachimbudzi kuchokera pazitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo pachitsulo chazitsulo, muyenera kuyika magawo ang'onoang'ono ambiri, koma mfundo ya mapangidwe ndizofanana.

Makwerero achitsulo pa cosos

Njira Zoyeserera

Mphepete mwa masitepe a khonde nthawi zina imatha kufotokozedwa mwachindunji pansi. Izi ndizosavuta, koma zosadalirika. Choyamba, nthaka imatha kukhazikika, masitepe a Staicase adzagwa. Kachiwiri, polumikizana ndi nthaka, matabwa ndi zitsulo zinagwa mwachangu. Kwa nkhuni pali zoperewera (senezhe ndi sezheng ultra, mwachitsanzo), ndipo zitsulo zimapangidwa ndi primer ndi utoto zingapo. Komabe, ndibwino kupanga maziko - kutsanulira tepi yabwino yoberekera, yomwe alondawo adzadalira.

Momwe mungapangire khonde la masitepe

Kufikira konkriti yotsimikizika, ndikotheka kukonza masitepe a khonde munjira ziwiri - mpaka 75 * 75 mm kapena ku banda la ngongole yanyumba yaying'ono (pa chithunzi cha kumanzere).

Mavuto amatha kuchitika ndi kukhazikitsa mizati ya Corch. Njira zingapo. Pali chimodzi chophweka komanso chothandiza, chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale panthaka yazomera (dongo ndi loam). Pansi pa nsanamira, mabowo akukumba ndi kuya kwa 50-60 masentimita. Amathiridwa pansi pa ndowa ya mchenga, ndikokoma. Pamwamba pa mchenga kutsanulira kuchokera theka la Arabi komanso tram. Amayika mzati, kugwirizanitsa iwo mulingo, kuyika mitsinje yomwe idzaigwirizira. Danga pakati pa khoma la chitsime ndi positi pang'onopang'ono kugona ndi zinyalala zake mosamala, mosamala Trambus yake. Bowo limadzaza dothi lokhala ndi dothi, pamwamba limatha kutsegulidwa (kuti mpweya usalake), koma osakhetsedwa mpaka pansi. Zipilala zomwe zimasonkhana mwanjira imeneyi sizimabweretsa ngakhale mwamphamvu. Mchenga, pali gawo lofunikira lamadzi, ndipo mphamvu zotsala zamphamvu zimapitilira, zimawachotsa.

Njira Zoyeserera Zipilala Zomangirira

Ngati mulu, nthiti ya ritibon kapena mbale ya monolithic, matebulo amadzaza pansi pa milu, ndiye ma studi kapena magalasi apadera amaphwanyidwa kuti azitha kuphatikiza matabwa. Pambuyo pakucha konkriti, mipiringidzo ya ma racks imakhazikika ndi mufhuhari kapena ma bolts.

Ngati miyalayo ndi yachitsulo, konkriti imagona ngodya ndi makulidwe a khoma osachepera 3-4 mm kuti ithe kuwiritsa mosavuta kwa iwo.

Pakumanga khonde lamatabwa, mutha kukhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi zomwe zaphatikizidwa ndi Balyasin. Amatha kusonkhanitsidwa pamisomali wamba, koma ngati mukufuna, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma balts kapena agarmies. Pankhaniyi, mabowo amawuma kale, kenako amawakhazikitsa mwa iwo ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi fungulanguula. Phatikizani izi ndi yodalirika kuposa misomali.

Momwe Mungapirire Okhazikika kapena Bassins

Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungatsegulire chitseko ngati chonyamula

Ngati khonde lakonzedwa ku nyumba yodumphadukizidwa kumene, pomwe shrankage sanamalizidwe, ndipo khonde la khonde limapereka camopy, kwezani miyalayo kuti ikhale mbale.

Kukhazikitsa kwa Khonde la Khonde ndi Mnyumba Yamatanda

Ma racky onse omwe amathandizira dengalo pakhonde lanyumba yamatabwa kuyika okwera apadera

Tikukusangalatsani chifukwa cha zitsulo zonse zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pomanga khonde zimafuna kukonza mosamala. Khonde limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zonse zamakhalidwe ndi zida zonse zofunika kuti chitetezo chabwino.

Masitepe a konkritic konkriti

Masitepe olimba kwambiri amapangidwa ndi konkriti konkriti. Kupanga kwawo kumatenga nthawi yambiri kuposa chitsulo kapena matabwa, koma moyo wawo wautumiki umawerengeredwa zaka makumi angapo. Mitundu ya masitepe kuchokera ku konkriti imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kanemayo. Palinso maziko a kuwerengera.

Momwe mungapangire manja anu a masitepe a konkriti pa cosos, onani kanema wotsatira.

Khonde la Matabwa

Khonde la nkhuni ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Pulasitiki, pulasitiki, yosavuta kusamalira, imakhala yocheperako (m'dziko lathu), ikhululuka zolakwa zambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndi zinthu zomanga zomwe amakonda.

Ilinso ndi zovuta: pamafunika kutetezedwa bwino musanayambe kupanga (antibacterial kuphatikizika ndi antipyrenes), komanso kusamalira pa utoto woteteza. Kenako nthawi yayitali imawoneka yokongola, inanso - imataya zochulukitsa zake mwachangu.

Chimodzi mwazosankha pakupanga khonde la nkhuni ndi masitepe pazinthu zomwe zitha kuwoneka muvidiyoyo. Chonde dziwani kuti khonde limamangidwa panthaka lamchenga, kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito mitengoyo siyabwino. Kupanda kutero, zonse zikuwonekeratu.

Khonde la njerwa

Popeza njerwa - nkhaniyo ndi yandiweyani komanso yolemetsa, khonde la njerwa limafunikira maziko oopsa. Nthawi zambiri ino ndi mbale ya monolithic, ndi kulimbikitsidwa kawiri komanso bwino ngati yakonzedwanso ndi khonde kukula.

Mukamawerengera magawo a masitepe, ndikofunikira kuganizira kukula kwa njerwa ndi makulidwe pakati pawo. Kenako ikani kuti ikhale yosavuta - musadule njerwa. Ngati khonde silikuyenda, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri kwa mizere yakunja. Mizere Yamkati Yamkati - Zaratovka - imatha kupangidwa kuchokera kunkhondo kapena zomangamanga ndi zotsalira zawo.

Ndodo yamiyala yokhala ndi masitepe

Ngati nyumbayo ili pamtunda wapamwamba, pangani khonde la wonolithic kwambiri. Kenako pindani kapena makhoma, kusiya mkati mwa malo opanda kanthu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zachuma kapena pafupi ndi zikopa zokongoletsera. Ngati malo apamwamba akufunika, mizere iyi / makomawa amadzaza ndi stab yocheperako - yomaliza kapena yomalizidwa - izi zikusankha kale. Kenako makwerero amaphatikizidwa ndi maziko omwe ali ndi maziko. Sikuti ndi njerwa. Itha kukhala yachitsulo, konkriti kapena kuphatikiza.

Ripoti la zithunzi: Khonde lamatabwa pa chitsulo

Chiphunzitso ndi lingaliro lokhalo komanso zomangamanga nazo. Bwino nthawi zonse kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la nkhaniyo, ngati mungayang'ane kayendedwe kanu, chifukwa mutha kuwona momwe ena amachitiranso zinthu ndi china choti muphunzire nokha.

Pofunsidwa kwa makolowo, wolemba khonde lakale linapangidwa. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti chitsulo chatsopano chimawombedwa.

Iyi ndi khonde lakale

Pamalo pa khonde lowoloka, kuyala kochepa ndi 25 cm. Pansi pake, ndi zinyalala - 10 cm ndipo zonsezi ndizopangidwa konkriti.

Mbale pansi pa khonde

Pafupifupi ndi khonde lomwelo la khonde, chitsulo chimawombedwa (kuchokera kumesi la 70 * 5 mm). Maulendo am'mbali amawonetsedwa molunjika komanso okhazikika pamatumba. Pafupi ndi iwo ndi owala pansi pansi pa benchi. Chitsulo chonse chimakonzedwa ndi kutembenuka kwa dzimbiri, chophimbidwa ndi dothi ndikupaka utoto kawiri.

Tidayiyala, nthaka ndikupaka mabenchi

Nkhuni zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomanga zouma. Ma boloni oyimitsidwa adadulidwa kukula (m'lifupi mwake) ndikukonzekera kuphatikizidwa ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi dothi.

Nkhuni zimatsikira pambuyo poletsa

Matabwa akunja adagona pamangowo. Pansi pa phiri lililonse muyenera kubowola bowo - ngodya sizitenga.

Kuyambitsa Board Board

Pakadali pano, zolakwika ziwiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Woyamba - Trim adayamba kuyenda ndi msewu. Nthawi yomweyo inayamba kuyenera. Zotsatira zake, m'malo olumikizana ndi mbali ya ubweya ndi masitepe, madzi ndi nkhuni imangoyang'ana. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa trim kuchokera kumbali, ndipo masitepe oti muchite kwakanthawi kuti awonekere kumbali ya steccil osachepera magawo angapo. Cholakwika chachiwiri - matabwa pakhonde chimakhala pafupi. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, amatupa ndipo pamwamba amakhala osagwirizana. Mukayika chivundikiro cha khonde, jambulani mipata osachepera 5-8 mm.

Njira yopangira

Pambuyo matabwa onse akhazikika, akupera. Choyamba, nthiti yopukusira nthiti yokhala ndi tirigu wambiri, ndiye kuti disk ndi woonda. Njirayi ndi yayitali. Pamodzi, ntchitoyi imathetsedwa - chotsani mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Sizikugonjetsera ngakhale zigawo zitatu zamina.

Nkhani pamutu: Ngati ngoma sizikuyenda mu makina ochapira a Bosh

Kupera pansi kwa matabwa ovomerezeka

Pambuyo pogaya - yambani kujambula. Timagwiritsa ntchito katatu. Gawo lililonse litangoyanika kwathunthu. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwo ndi mdima wa Mahagon.

Zigawo zamatabwa zimakutidwa ndi kapangidwe kake

Awa ndi atatu mwa utoto.

Utoto ukuuma kenako, pitani pakupanga mabenchi. Pansi pawo kudula matabwa, kuyika champire (kukongola), kubisa kuphatikizira.

Matabwa a preamers

Masana amapangidwa ndi dokotala wawung'ono - kuzungulira mbali.

Pa template ikuyika kukongola

Malinga ndi mizere yokonzedwa ndi paddle yokhala ndi jigsaw, ndiye timapera kuti tisame yosalala.

Apa zidakhala benchi pakhonde

Maulendo am'mbali ndi osenda, omwe amapaka utoto womwewo. Khonde lakonzeka.

Khonde lamatanda ndi manja anu - mawonekedwe ako

Khonde la njerwa yamiyala limachita izi: Chithunzi

M'mbuyomu, makhoma a masitepe amapangidwa ndi njerwa, pamwamba pomwe mbale ya korolufic yolumikizidwa imadzaza. Pamwamba pa iyo, chimango chimayikidwa m'makona - kuti mulandire masitepe ndi zokutira.

Dongosolo la Khonde: Momwe Zonse ziyenera kuwonekera

Wokonzeka Brick Basick ndi Conner Slab

Kuchokera pa ngodya ya 70 * 70 * 5 mm kudula batani lofunikira. Pambuyo pake, amakonzedwa ndi kutembenuka kwa dzimbiri. Kuphika kuyambira pambuyo poti zichitike ndi chitsulo chazitsulo.

Dulani Zida Zofunikira

Kutembenuka kwa dzimbiri

Adawombera woyamba kubanja.

Ophika azakhali oyamba

Kutalika komalizidwa kunaphatikizidwa ndi konkriti ndi zikhomo ziwiri.

Kuthamanga kuntchito yothandizira konkriti

Mofananamo, titha kuphika zisudzo zachiwiri ndikuwumangirira. Mukamagwira ntchito, onetsetsani kuti zigawo ziwirizi zili mu ndege yomweyo.

Mahema awiri ndi milingo, yomwe idawongolera ndegeyo

Timayamba kuwotchera mipiringidzo. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera mobwerezabwereza, kuti masitepewo sakulongosola.

Nyama yoyamba pansi pa sitepe yapamwamba ndi yokonzeka

Tidayimitsa zidutswa zonse zothandizira pa michere

Kumiyala yothandizira timayimitsa zidutswa za ngodya kuti alumali ali.

Mogwirizana

Makona amawombedwa kotero kuti amapanga chimango. Amayika pepala la skhot. Pamlate timalengeza za Grid wachitsulo. M'mphepete mwa gululi limalemba.

Magawo ali okonzeka kutsanulira konkriti

Mwanjira yokonzekera timatsanulira konkriti. Ndimachilimbitsa kwambiri - kotero kuti masitepewo sachiritsidwa nthawi yayitali.

Magawo amadzaza konkriti

Pomwe konkriti idzapeza mphamvu, yoyendetsedwa ndi ma racks omwe angachiritse chibowo pa khonde. Kwa iwo, timatenga chubu cholembetsedwa 70 * 40 * 3 mm. Kuchokera pamenepo tinadula mizati inayi. Awiri pang'ono - adzakhala pafupi ndi khoma la nyumbayo, awiri a 2 cm akufupikitsa - akuyimirira m'mphepete mwa khonde, akupanga malo otsetsereka - kuti matalala-matalala atakhala bwino. Kwa omenyera ndi kuwotcha, timagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chofatsa 40 * 40 mm.

Magawo opumira a canopy ndi nduwira

Chitsulo chonse chimakonzedwanso ndi chosinthika cha dzimbiri.

Choyamba khazikitsani ma racks, atenge, khazikitsani malo osakhalitsa

Pofuna kuti musatulutse zotsimeza zotsikira, zomwe zinali zofunikira kuti zigwirizane molunjika. Ndiziwonetsa, Grab, m'malo angapo ma seams afupikitsa, onaninso ngati akunena zoona. Tidayimitsa malo osakhalitsa ndipo titangoyang'ana pa cheke chotsatira chomwe tidalemba malamulo onse.

Ma clamp amapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kugwira ntchito

Ma racks onse atawonetsedwa ndipo amawombedwa, mutha kusonkhanitsa zinthu. Kutali komwe mukufuna, amakhazikika molunjika.

Wokokayo amawombera mozungulira

Zimawoneka ngati

Kenako pitirizani kukhazikitsa padenga. Itha kukonzedwa kuchokera pachipapu cha mbiri 40 * 40 mm. Choyamba, kugunda mozungulira mozungulira - malinga ndi ma racks ofupikira, ndiye kapangidwe kake ka kapangidwe kake. Ndi wophweka, koma nthawi imasiya ambiri - magawo ambiri.

Makina oyenda pamasewera pakhonde

Kenako zinafika kuti titenge zokongoletsera. Ndiponso, palibe zovuta, zimakhala zosavuta ngati angafune.

Tumizani njanji

Chilichonse, khonde limakhala lokonzeka kumaliza ntchito. Pa masitepe ndi masitepe, matayala olakwika amagulidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito panja. Analekanitsidwa ndi kumbali ya mbale ya woolithic.