Nthawi zambiri, munthu akamamanga nyumba ya maloto ake kapena zidakonzedwa nyumba yake ilibe mtundu wina wa rasini. Kutuluka kwake kumayang'aniridwa bwino pamasamba. Makatani osavuta amatha kutsindika malingaliro omwe ali kunja kwa zenera kapena amasiyana ndi chipinda chonse. Ngati mungawonjezere kuti nsalu zidzapangidwa nokha, zimatuluka kawiri. Amakhulupirira kuti iye ndi wovuta kusoka nsalu zophweka, koma tidzawonetsa kuti sichoncho. M'malo mwake, pangani makatani ndi makatani osoka siovuta, monga zikuwonekera.
Zenera ndi makatani
Dziwani mtundu wa makatani
Musanakhale kusoka makatani muyenera kudziwa mtunduwo. Pali ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa:
- Austria;
- Chitaliyana.
Basi ya ku Austria likupita ku khola, ndipo mphete ndi zomangira zavala mkati mwathu kuti siziwoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chothetsera njirayi, amakhazikika pamtunda uliwonse kapena kutolera chojambulira chilichonse m'mwezi. Mapangidwe a makatani osavuta ochitidwa mu ku Italy ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yakhitchini ya ana kapena yaying'ono. Ali ndi nsalu yosalala, yomwe imamangiriza kwa zimbudzi pamiyala. Kuphatikiza apo, makatani oterowo amathetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Sewetsani makatani osavuta amatsatiridwa ndi kudulidwa kosavuta, simuyenera kutenga mtundu wovuta nthawi yomweyo. Ngati iyi ndi ntchito yoyamba, choyamba ndibwino kuyesa kukonza makatani a khitchini yachilimwe kapena ndibwino kuti mupange zikwangwani popanda zingwe ndi mabwinja, zimakhala zosavuta kuphunzira. Ngati dzanja ladzaza, mutha kupanga makatani oimitsa kukhitchini kuchokera ku mikanda. Ngakhale, zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zidalipo, koma amayang'ana kunyumba limodzi nawo.
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Tatsimikiza ndi utoto ndi kukula
Katundu wosankhidwa ayenera kusankha mtundu woyenera ndikuchotsa kukula kwake. Nsalu imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimatengera chipindacho komanso mtundu wa makhoma. Kufuulira kwa nsalu kumatha kusintha kuwunikira m'chipindacho: Kuchokera kumdima kwambiri kuti ayake. M'zipinda zing'onozing'ono, ndibwino kuti makatani ndi mtundu wopepuka, ndiye kuti chipindacho chidzakhala chowoneka bwino. Ndipo ngati mungasankhe minofu yakuda, mutha kupanga chipindacho kukhala chodekha komanso mwamtendere.
Ngati mukufuna makatani osavuta m'chipinda chochezera, mutha kusankha makatani ndi mawonekedwe, koma ngati mungasoke kukhitchini, ndiye kuti musachite. Zolinga za zojambulazo ziyenera kusankhidwa osalowerera kuti zisakope chidwi, apo ayi anthu azikhala osokonekera nthawi zonse. Mukatha kutenga pepala, pensulo ndi zojambula.
Pamwamba pa chiwerengero chomwe muyenera kudziwa kukula kotereku:
- Kutalika kwa mbendera;
- Zenera, kutalika ndi m'lifupi;
- Kutalika kwa milidi;
- Kutalika kuchokera ku Phiri mpaka m'mphepete.
Pambuyo pake, zidzangotsala kuti tiyang'ane m'chipindacho ndipo tangoganizirani momwe zinthu zidzagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi mkati mwa chipindacho - ngati chabwino, ndiye pitani pa gawo lina.
Nsalu
Kuwerengera kwa nsalu koyambirira
Kuchita miyeso yakunja kumayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nsalu. Kutalika kwa nsalu yotchinga kumasankhidwa mpaka pawindo kapena pansi zimatengera mlandu. Popeza tifunika kuchedwetsa kutalika komaliza pa minofu, ndiye muyenera kuchita mosamala komanso momasuka.
Tikasoka khitchini, makatani osavuta sayenera kuiwalika za zomwe zimachitika pamiyala 10 ndikuchokera kumwamba, kotero kuti pali mikwingwirima yokongola yomwe yatsalira.
Ngati tikufuna kuthamanga, kutalika kwa mabala kumayenera kukuchulukana ndi 1.5. Ndi 6 cm mbali iliyonse ya msoko. Ngati nsalu yotchinga ndiyofunikira yolemera kwambiri, ndiye kutalika kwa cornice kumachulukitsidwa ndi awiri. Mukamawerengera ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti minofu iliyonse imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.
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Kukonzekera kumveka
Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kumatha kumalizidwa, kumayenera kudula nsalu, mutha kusankhanso zokongoletsera. Kuthetsa kusoka, timafunikira chida chotere:
- Mzere;
- Lumo;
- Makina osoka;
- Ulusi;
- Bolodi ndi chitsulo.
Timayamba ndi mfundo yoti timayika bolodi yachitsulo ndikuwonetsa kutentha pachitsulo malinga ndi mtundu wa minofu. Komanso pa chidutswa cha nsalu muyenera kuyang'ana momwe makinawo amapangidwira ndikusintha njira yamakina. Kupatula apo, mutha kusoka nsalu zokongola, koma mzere wokhotakhota udzawononga zotsatira zake. Mikangano ya ulusi ndi makulidwe a singano amasinthidwa, izi zimasankhidwa kutengera makulidwe. Tsopano zitsala pang'ono kupanga mabiko osavuta ndi manja anu.
Makatani a Crow
Choyamba, makatani osavuta a khitchini ayenera kuyesa kutalika. Ngati izi, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kudula kumabwera motsutsana ndi mawonekedwe kapena kulumikizidwa, limodzi. Ngati diso lotchinga makatani ndi kusoka makatani ndi zovuta, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga chizindikiro ndi sopo kapena choko.
Tulutsani mlanduwo kuchokera kumbali, kudula ndi kusoka zoyambira ndizosavuta. Aliyense wa iwo, yeretsani chilolezo cha masentimita atatu ndipo kutalika kwake amakonza zikhomo zosokera. Timayamba, kotero kuti zinali zosavuta kukhazikika pamakina. Ndikofunika kuchita papepala lazoyimira ma seams 5 aliwonse, inunso, simuyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Pakufunika vuto, musaiwale kukoka zikhomo.
Komwe seams ndi yayitali mutha kukhala pamwamba pazachitsulo ndi thabwa lamatabwa, ndiye kuti nsalu zidzakhala zolimba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kuchita izi komanso nthawi yosoka, pambuyo pa zonse, makina osavuta osavuta kulibe nsalu, ndipo simukufunika kupotoza. Mothandizidwa ndi mtengo wathyathyathya wamba, mutha kukoka mzere mu mzere ndipo nsalu sizidzafika. Timabwereza njira yomweyo ndi m'mphepete mwa mutu, ndi kusiyana komwe m'lifupi kudzakhala osachepera 5 cm. M'mphepete mwapansi ndibwino kuti muchite ndi kugwada. Monga mukuwonera, kusoka makatani sikovuta kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikulingalira zotsatira zomaliza.
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Onani makanema
Pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa canvas. Kubwereza zomata ndi bend. Timayang'ana: Ngati tsamba lidzakwezedwa pa nthiti kapena zingwe, simungalembe, koma mosamala. Kupanga kotero kupanga kumapulumutsa nthawi ndi ulusi. Koma ngati phirilo ndi zina, zopanda muyeso, ndiye kuti ndibwino kubwereza ntchito yomweyo monga m'mphepete mwapansi.
Pambuyo pake zitsala pang'ono kuyesera zomwe zingachitike ndi zotchinga zomwe zakhala ndizokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.