Pansi mofuula mnyumba zimachita izi:

Paul Kugwirizana ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zokonza kukonza. Musanaike pansi pansi, pansi mokweza kumachitika mu nyumba. Ntchito yomanga nyumba zosungidwa zosiyanasiyana, konkriti yotsimikizika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupitirira, komwe kumakhala koyenera mbali imodzi yokha. Gawo losalala nthawi zonse limagona pa denga, motero, kumbali ndi chilema kumakhala kochepa. Munkhaniyi, tiyeni tiwone momwe mungapangire pakati pa pansi mu nyumba, malingaliro ndi malamulo okonzekera miseche.

Ntchito mangani

Ma scled amachotsa kutalika kwa kusiyana ndi zolakwika zake, kumakupatsani mwayi woti muchepetse pansi. Ngati mukhala pansi linoleum pa malo osasinthika, imakhazikika m'malo otsika madontho.

Ntchito zoyeserera pa nyumba:

• Imalimbitsa maziko a konkriti;
• amawona ndi kugawa katundu katundu akugwira ntchito;
• Kuchulukitsa kutentha ndi phokoso;
• Chifukwa cha osalala bwino, chophimba pansi kuchokera kuwonongeka chimaletsedwa;
• Zimakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera ukadaulo wa zovala zamkati ndi bafa yochotsa madzi ngati kulumikizana kungalephere.

Kugwiritsa ntchito squed, mutha kukweza pansi. Mukugwira ntchito, muyenera kuganizira katundu wovomerezeka pachitofu. Kudzaza konkriti kuposa 70 mm makulidwe sichoncho, chifukwa ochulukirapo sangapirire katunduyo.

Mitundu ya kusakaniza

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafunso momwe kuwala kumachitidwira munyumba yatsopano, komwe kuli bwino. Timasankha ukadaulo wa kuyika pansi pa pansi kutengera mawonekedwe a mbale.

Magawo azomera

Maonedwe:

1. Kuwala kouma ndi kouma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madontho kutalika kwa 30-50 mm. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, zida zopepuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa izi, katundu pachitofu amachepetsedwa.
2. Kukhazikitsa kwa mawu a konkriti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pansi zowonongeka ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, kuwotcha kutentha komanso kusamvana.
3. Zosakaniza zodzipangitsa nokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutalika kumatsitsa mpaka 30 mm. Phatikizani ndi magawo awiri a ntchito: Kuphatikizika ndi zosakaniza ndikumaliza kuyandikira zochuluka.

Mtundu wa masikono amasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe konkriti imagwirira konkriti, ntchito zogwira ntchito ndi pansi.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Pansi mu nyumba yatsopano nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala yolumikizidwa pa siteji yokhazikika munyumba.

Magawo okonzekera:

1. Timachotsa pansi, yang'anani chitofu pa kukhalapo kwa ming'alu, kukhumudwa, kulimbikitsidwa.
2. Ming'alu ikukula ndi chopukusira, timatsuka m'mphepete, kutsanulira ndi matope a konkri; Zipangizo zabwino zotsatsa, pamwamba ziyenera kusakanikirana.
3. Pambuyo pokulitsa simenti, timachotsa fumbi ku mbale yokhala ndi chotsukira.
4. M'malo okhala pansi ndi makhoma, timayika tepi yamwambo. Idzakhala ngati msoko wobwezera mukamakulitsa konkriti pakuyanika ndikuteteza nyumba yotsika kuchokera ku madzi otuluka.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mbale zosadzimadzi ndi filcy mastic filimu ya polyethylene. Zinthu zogubuduza zimayikidwa pa 150-200 mm.

Paulo akulemba

Zolemba zimachitidwa kuchokera ku gawo lotsika kwambiri pansi

Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungapangire chovala pa Loggia ndi khonde la zingwe

Kukula kwa mawuwo ndi kusankha kwa zinthu chifukwa cha kuyika kwake kumadalira kutalika kwa pansi.

Timapeza malo otsika kwambiri komanso okwera pansi. Timapanga chizindikiro ndi laser kapena mulingo wamadzi.

Ngati malo apamwamba anali pakhomo, mutha kuthira konkriti. Ngati ngodya za chipinda zili pamwamba pa khomo, pali ma algorithms awiri kuti achitepo kanthu:

• Timachotsa zolaula za mbale, kutsanulira konkriti, kuyika pansi pa malo pansi m'chipinda choyandikana;
• Timatsanulira kolondola, koma timaona kuti kutalika kwa pansi chipinda chino chidzakhala chokwera kuposa pakati. Izi ndizovomerezeka ngati zikukonzekera kupanga zida zatsopano m'nyumba yonse.

Kuti mupange bwino malire a pansi, muyenera kuyika maupangiri patali pa 150-200 mm yofanana ndi khoma. Mtunda pakati pa owongolera ayenera kukhala osachepera m'lifupi mwake chipangizocho pogawa kusakaniza.

Monga maofesi, timagwiritsa ntchito mbiri ya T-yooneka ngati kuti ikugwirizana. Kuti tiwayike mulingo omwe timagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki ndi zitsulo kapena kuyika mafoni a gypsum (simenti).

Katoni, chipterboard ndi nkhuni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba cha nyambo silingathe, chifukwa amataya mawonekedwe kuchokera pachinyezi.

Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za konkriti

Kuchuluka kwa mawuwo kumayesedwa mu malita

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mchenga, simenti ndi madzi, kuwerengera voliyumu yazithunzi mu malita. Pachifukwa ichi, kutalika kwapakati kumachulukitsidwa ndi kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwake tapeza voliyumu.

Tiyerekeze kuti, amatenga chipinda mu mulifupi wa 4 m ndi kutalika kwa 3.5 m, owala amathiridwa ndi makulidwe pansi pa 25 mm, ku Wamtunda wa 40 mm.

Werengani kuwerengera kukula kwa konkriti (25 + 40) / 2 = 32.5 mm.

Kuwerengetsa chipinda cha chipinda: S = kutalika 4 m * m'lifupi 3.5 m = 14 m.

Voliyumu = 32.5 * 14 = 497 malita.

Mchenga adzafunika kuchuluka kwa mawuwo. Koma mchenga umalemera nthawi 1.5 nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake 497 * 1.45.5 kg.

Ndipo simenti ifunika gawo limodzi m'magawo atatu amchenga. 745.5 / 3 = 248.5 kg.

Kuchuluka kwamadzi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira chinyezi cha mchenga. Madzi amawonjezeredwa pokonza kuchuluka kwa zonona wowawasa.

Khalidwe labwino kwambiri

Sakanizani zinthuzo mu dongosolo linalake

Nkhani pamutu: Momwe Mungapangire Matanda Ofunafuna Ndi Manja Ake

Pambuyo polemba pansi, timakonzekera konkriti. Njira yokonzekera ndi muyezo, gawo limodzi la simenti yapamwamba kwambiri (m 200) kwa magawo atatu a mchenga.

Timasakaniza zigawozi molondola:

1. Choyamba, muyenera kusakaniza zigawo zouma wina ndi mnzake: simenti ndi mchenga. Popeza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa yankho kumasakanikirana, muyenera kukonzekera kubowola ndi phokoso lapadera kapena kusasamala kwa nyumba pasadakhale, popeza kumatha kusakaniza zigawozo kusakaniza bwino.
2. Kuti muteteze chakumaso nthawi youma ndikugwiranso ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mafayilo mu yankho. Tekinoloji ndi kuchuluka komwe kumawonetsedwa pazakuchokera.
3. Khalidwe la yankho limayesedwa ndi kufinya mu nkhonya imodzi. Siziyenera kuthawa mukamatsutsana komanso kuwonongeka.

Brand Crerete	Karata yanchito	Kumwa kwa simenti ku kg pa 1 cube konkriti
M100	Mphamvu zochepa. Ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamsewu, mipanda	165.
M200	Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa pansi mofuula mu nyumba zatsopano, pokonza. Zoyenera pa chipangizo cha maziko	240.
M300	Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa maziko, mapiri, ndi zina zambiri.	320.
M400	Chifukwa chopanga zida zomangidwa ndi katundu wambiri: ma brididge omwe amapereka chithandizo chambiri	417.

Kuti mupeze zosakaniza zosakaniza, zinthu zowuma zimagona m'madzi. Ngati mungatero, mchenga wokhala ndi simenti ukhala pansi, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kusakaniza.

Chipangizo cha Conrete

Ganizirani momwe mungapangire kuwala kumayankhulirana m'nyumba. Timayamba kukweza kuchokera pa ngodya yayitali m'chipindacho. Pansi potsanulira nthawi ina, yokhala ndi khwalala lalikulu ndi mauna abwino achitsulo. Onani kanemayu mu kanema uyu:

Magawo a ntchito:

1. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikuthirira pansi pakati pa maupangiri, kufalitsa maselo.
2. Mothandizidwa ndi malamulowo, kusunthira osakaniza posunthira nokha. Timagwiritsa ntchito yankho la kutuluka, ndipo palibe chiyembekezo.
3. Patatha tsiku, timachotsa maongowa, kutsanulira yankho ndi yankho lomwe anali.

Mutha kuyenda pansi m'masiku 4. Kumankriti monkriti ndikupeza mphamvu kwa masiku 30.

Kupatuka komwe kuli popingasa sikuyenera kupitirira 0,2%.

Pamapeto pa kukhazikitsa kwa owala mnyumba, timasiyira zojambula, ndikusowa konkriti, komanso kunyowa nthawi yomweyo kuti zokutidwayo zisasokonekere. Malizani Kuyimilira Timachita mutatha kupukuta kwathunthu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana padera lonse.

Yowuma

Mitundu yamtunduwu imathandizira katundu pachitofu ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa pansi. Mangani owuma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito dongo kapena zinthu zina zambiri ndi kachigawo kakang'ono. Werengani zambiri za zomata zouma zomwe zikuwoneka muvidiyoyi:

Chizindikiro cha chipindacho ndikukhazikitsa ma beacon chimachitika molingana ndi mfundo yomwe ili pamwambapa.

Nkhani pamutu: Swing muchite nokha

Kugwirizanitsa zinthu za chipangizocho chowuma mu nyumba yatsopano yomwe timasankha kutengera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mchipindacho:

• Pulogalamu ya Polystyrene ionetsetsa kuti kutentha kwatenthedwe ndi kusokonekera;
• zotchinga zotchinga;
• Gypsum yolimbana ndi gypsum, ma show-ma show, plywood.

Tikamasala kudya pansi, timagwiritsa ntchito zinyenye, mchenga wa quartz, shag ya kachigawo kakang'ono.

Wowuma wowuma ndi manja awo amapereka njira zotsatirazi:

1. Timapanga zotsatsa, pezani malo otsika ndi owala.
2. Tikukhazikitsa maofesiwa: Mbiri yoyamba ndi khomalo, yofananayo yofanana ndi wina ndi mzake.
3. Pakati pa alonda, atazimiririka ndi Ceramzite ku mulingo wodziwika, watulutsidwa bwino.
4. Pamalo opindika kwambiri, tinadula khola kuti sakuyenda kumbuyo. Mapepala otsalawo m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, omwe timatsuka guluu ndikumangirira zomata. Kuyika ma sheet kumayambira pakhomo. Kuyenda pamasamba mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo sikulimbikitsidwa.

Matalala amatuluka ngati akuponya. Akawasiya, pansi pakuchita opareshoni adzapatsa manyazi, ndipo mutuwo udzakhalabe m'malo mwake.

Kuwala kwa osakaniza

Kwenikweni pamunsi choyamba kukhazikitsa zophimba zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kutentha.

Ndi kusiyana pang'ono, ndikosavuta kupanga tingiriza pansi mu nyumbayo ndi manja anu pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza okha.

Mndandanda wantchito:

1. Timakonzera pansi pambale, kuthira ndi njira yaming'alu, tchipisi, nkhawa.
2. Pansi pamalo angapo zigawo zotsatsa bwino.
3. Timasudzula kusakaniza molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali patsamba. Kukhazikitsa kumayambira pa ngodya yayitali.
4. Timatambasula yankho ndi singano odzigudubuza.

Pansi imawoloka masiku 4-5 kutengera kutentha ndi chinyezi m'nyumba.

Kuyandama

Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chakuti zokutidwa ndi konkriti yapamwamba siimakhazikika ndi chitofu, chifukwa chimakhazikika mufilimuyo pamtunda wa zinthu zolimbitsa kutentha.

Chiwembu:

• pulasitala;
• Malizani pansi pansi;
• konkriti kapena calcium-sulphate syad;
• Filimu ya polyethylene imayikidwa ngati chotchinga cholumikizira cha njira yosinthira yamafuta;
• Ubweya wa mchere kapena chithovu;
• tepi yonyowa yokhala ndi makulidwe oposa 10 mm;
• mbale.

Tepi ya demopfefer

Tepi ya Damppfer imakhazikika kuti igone zinthu zotentha, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala kocheperako kokwanira pansi pa mapangidwe apansi: Kuchokera pambale mpaka kumapeto. Kupatula kumachitika pambuyo pogona panja.

Zinthu zosungunulira zimakhala pa ndege yopingasa, kukongoletsa kosagwirizana kumabweretsa mapangidwe a ming'alu mu yankho la simenti.

Kutsatira malangizowo, ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito pansi ndi manja anu. Kuphimba panja ndikololedwa kukhazikika kwa chinyezi chazopitilira 2%.