Iwo amene amafuna kutsutsana, koma osayang'anitsitsa kutonthoza, yesani kugula khungu ndi makatani okhazikika. Makatani oterewa ndi mawonekedwe, amagwira ntchito, omasuka komanso okongola kwambiri. Anapirira mwangwiro ndi ntchito za wolemba ndakatulo wapamwamba, pomwe akuthandiza kupanga mawonekedwe apadera m'chipindacho, nanga chipinda chosangalatsa. Kodi Mitundu Yotani Imakhala Ndi Ubwino Wotani? Kodi phindu la makatani ogubuduza kutsogolo kwa khungu la akhungu?
Mitundu ikuluikulu
Khungu - makatani amene chinsalu tichipeza mbale kufanana kutumikira kuteteza chipinda ku Sun, mpweya uyenda, fumbi, mpweya. Ma STRIPS (Lamella) amatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: nkhuni, pulasitiki, chitsulo, nsalu. Zopindulitsa komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi aluminiyamu. Komabe, zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zokongola zimakhala mtengo.
Mwa njira yoyika lamellae, khungu lopingasa ndi losanja limafotokozedwa. Osimbika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osakhalamo. Ndiwothandiza pazenera pawindo kupitilira, komanso zipinda zotsika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, lamelolas yawo imapangidwa ndi polyester: Jacquard (zinthu zopangidwa) ndi fiberglass (osakokedwa). Akhungu opingasa ali ofala zipinda zosiyanasiyana. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe mwasankha ndi njira zosinthira pazenera.
Akhungu osiyanasiyana opingasa - makatani okhazikika. Ndi nsalu imodzi, yomwe, bala pamtunda wapadera, okhazikika pamwamba pawindo, imatembenuka kuti ikhale mpukutu. Kukonza makatani pamtunda wofunikira, m'mphepete mwake muli ndi othamanga. Mu mawonekedwe otsekedwa, makatani otetezedwa amakhala osawoneka.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya makatani ofukula ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Mtundu wotseguka, womwe ndi kasufpi yosavuta kwambiri ya shaft, akuthawa pakhoma, nsalu zamchere ndi thabwa lamwambo;
- Mtundu wotseka, wokhala ndi bokosi lomwe limaphimba shaft, ndi makonzedwe am'mbali, kukonza bwino chinsalu mkati mwa zenera.
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Mau abwino
Zabwino zambiri za mitundu yonseyi:
- Kuzungulira: Zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwayike mu chipinda chilichonse;
- Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito: Kuchokera pa mawindo a chipinda chogona kupita ku makonzedwe a Loggia, Sukulu, Munda Wachisanu;
- Makatani ndi khungu logubuduza amaphatikizidwa ndi nsalu zina;
- Mosiyana ndi makatani wamba osasokoneza mpweya.
Akhungu ali ndi mwayi wofunikira pa zotchinga zogulira. Chifukwa cha gulu lowongolera, amakulolani kuti musinthe kuyatsa. Kutembenuza lamelolas mwakufuna kwawo, mutha kukwaniritsa zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana: mdima, mithunzi ndi masewera owala, kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Makatani ozungulira ali ndi zabwino zawo. Ndizosavuta kuthana, motero ngakhale mwana amatha kuwasamalira. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga mitundu iyi, zinthuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Chifukwa cha makatani awa, ogudubudwa amalimbana ndi fumbi, mawanga osiyanasiyana, moto, chinyezi. Kusunga katundu wazomwezo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikokwanira kusamalira makatani kuti agwiritse ntchito kuyeretsa kowuma.
Nthawi zambiri makatani okhazikika amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsegula zenera
Zowopsa
Akhungu apamwamba amatha kudziwika kuti ndi miniti yofunika kwambiri. Amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuchuluka kwa ma ceyric awo nthawi yonse yogwiritsa ntchito sikuyenera kupitirira awiri. Sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira, madzi otentha, kuchapa ufa. Ngakhale atasamba mosamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazikika pazidazo, kutembenuka kokhazikika, chifukwa cha zomwe akhungu amataya msanga mawonekedwe ndikuyamba kusuta fumbi ndi dothi.
Ndi mitundu ina, khungu ndi lovuta kutsegula mawindo: nthawi iliyonse mukayenera kubwereranso ku kapolo. Ngati pali osakwana 3 cm kuchokera pamwamba pa chingwe chotsegulira musanakhazikike, sichingakhazikike kukhazikitsa akhungu, kuyambira pamenepa zenera silitsegulidwa. Mu njira yapamwamba kwambiri yokhotakhota, makatani oterewa amatenga pafupifupi pawindo, lomwe silimavomerezeka kuchipinda chocheperako.
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Mitundu ina imakhala ndi khungu, pali vuto linanso lalikulu. Ndi mawindo otseguka (makamaka pa ma praft) panels amapanga kulira kwamphamvu kwachitsulo. Zovuta izi zitha kuchotsedwa ngati mungasinthe njira yokhazikitsa othamanga apansi, koma chifukwa cha ntchito iyi iyenera kulipira kuwonjezera. Ngati mwawononga munthu m'modzi kapena zingapo - zingakhale zovuta kuzisintha. Chokhacho chomwe mudalamula chomwe mudalamula chidzasautsa kapangidwe kake kalikonse, kuti mupeze ndalama zina.
Choyipa chachikulu cha makatani otchinga ndikusatheka kusintha njira yowunikira, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopanga khungu wapamwamba. Makatani ena pakapita nthawi amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika, makina a zilembo, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yotsika mtengo ya opanga osavomerezeka. Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa mitundu yonse ya khungu ndi kukuwuka kwa zipinda zokongoletsedwa mu mawonekedwe apamwamba, owoneka bwino.
Malangizo Osankha
Mukamagula nsalu yotchinga, muyenera kuyang'ana ntchito zitatu zazikulu zomwe amafunikira kuti asankhe dzuwa lowala komanso maso achinsinsi, osagwirizana nawo, osasamala za ntchito ndi chisamaliro. Kusankha mtundu wabwino, muyenera kuganizira magawo angapo.
- Mtundu wazinthu. Kuchokera mtundu wa nsalu, zimatengera, ngakhale nsalu yotchingayo imateteza zenera. Malumella wa akhungu oyimilira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopaque: nkhuni, pulasitiki, aluminiyamu. Zovala za kachulukidwe chosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khungu wokhala ndi makatani ofukula ndi makatani okhazikika. Kuwala kwathunthu ndi koyenera kuchipinda kapena chipinda, pomwe nthawi zambiri kumafunikira kudana ndi mazenera nthawi yowala ya tsiku (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito pulojekiti ya kanema). Kuwonda kwambiri, kokha kuwala kwa dzuwa kudzakhala koyenera m'chipinda chochezera, kukhitchini, muofesi. Mwa kusankha makatani ophatikizika, momwe kuwonekera kwa umunthu kumaphatikizidwa, mutha kuyendetsa bwino mtunda wanu.
- Utoto. Makatani ofunda, khungu - gawo lofunikira m'chipindacho, choncho akasankha, ndikofunikira kuganizira kamvekedwe ka mipando, pepala, zinthu zonse. Makatani amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wokhala ndi chipinda chofala chautoto kapena ndi zinthu zolekanitsidwa, monga chivundikiro chogona, kapeti, sofa. Ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana pazenera, sankhani makatani a mitundu yowala yokhala ndi zojambula kapena kusindikiza.
- Njira yofulumira. Kwa akhungu ndi ndodo pali mitundu ingapo yokhotakhota: mkati mwa zenera, pamwamba pake, pafupi ndi galasi. Pazithunzithunzi zipinda zazing'ono, ndibwino kusankha makatani omwe amakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji pa chimango. Chifukwa chake, windowsill siidzatsekedwa, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa alumali. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimawonjezera chipindacho. Ndi njira yolumikizana kwambiri, pomwe akhungu atseka zenera kutseguka ndipo pawindo kwathunthu, mutha kudetsa bwino chipindacho.
- Mtundu wa ulamuliro. Akhungu, komanso makatani ogubuduzidwa amayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osavuta (unyolo), womwe umakupatsani mwayi wosintha mawonekedwe a mapanelo ndi chovala chonse. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi drive yamagetsi, yomwe ingakhale yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawindo akuluakulu kapena mafakitale.
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Pogula khungu kapena makatani ogulira, vuteni za chipindacho. Sankhani mitundu yoyenera kukhazikitsa mithunzi ndi mtundu wa zinthu. Ngati zimakuvutani, perekani zokonda minyewa ya ziweto zandale zandale. Musaiwale kuganiza za njira yolumikizirana.
Akhungu ndi makatani ofutira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zotseguka zenera m'chipinda chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, khungu la aluminiyapa lotsika mtengo limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ofesi. Kwa makonzedwe a ana, zipinda zokhalamo, khitchini ndi bwino kugula makatani ogudubuzika. Ndiwofala kwambiri kuwongolera, poyang'aniridwa ndi chisamaliro ndipo ndioyenera mkati chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana.