Mafuta a petulo - awiri ndi anayi-stroc
Ma injini a Stroke awiri a Stroke ndiwosavuta kuposa stroke, chifukwa kulibe mafuta opangira mafuta ndi gasi. Kupanga kwa injini ziwiri za stroke kumawononga zotsika mtengo, chifukwa chake pamsika injinizi zimakhala ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawotchi, mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri zimaperekedwa.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuphweka kwawo ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, kudzaza injini yamiyala iwiri ndikofunikira kuti mupeze mafuta ndi mafuta mwapadera. Nthawi iliyonse musanalowe mphamvu, sizikhala zovuta kuchuluka kwa osakaniza mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, powotcha kusakaniza koteroko, kutulutsa koopsa kumapangidwa, chifukwa chomwe ma injini onse a stroke ali ndi chilengedwe kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zojambulajambula ndi zosefera zapadera.
Injini ya Stroke iyenera kutsukidwa ku chipinda cha kuyaka pakugwira ntchito, popeza ilibe mavavu omwe ayenera kugawa mafuta ndi mpweya. Itatha injiniya aliyense, kuyesedwa kwa mpweya kumachotsedwa kwa iyo, ndipo izi zimatsagana ndi kuchotsera kwa gawo la osakaniza ophatikizika, ndichifukwa chake mafuta ambiri amapezeka pantchito. Wina wina wothekera injini ziwiri ndi phokoso lalikulu pogwira ntchito.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti injini ya anthu awiri iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu poyerekeza ndi ziwalozi, kuweruza voliyumu. Koma ku Etroke Awiri-Stroke Awiri ali ndi mphamvu 50% chifukwa chakuti kuli koyenera koyera.
Ngati mwiniwake wa jenereta, wokhala ndi injini ziwiri, amatha kutseka maso kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mosalekeza, kenako kusowa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti muganize kwambiri - awiriwo -Stroke injini zimakhalapo kawiri kuposa zigawo zinayi.
Ubwino wa zinayi-stroke engines kutayikira kwa zovuta za ziwirizi. Kukhalapo kwa dongosolo la mafuta kumakupatsani mwayi wolowa mu mafuta ku kachitidwe kamodzi ndikugwira ntchito popanda kutayika mpaka kutayidwa m'malo mwake. Mu thankiyo, mwiniwakeyo amafunikira kudzaza mafuta, osasakaniza chisanakhale ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, injini zopsinjika zinayi ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri pochita opareshoni kuposa ziwirizi.
Komanso injini zinayi za stroke pogwira ntchito kusinthiratu komanso kotsika, zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo mpweya wawo wotulutsa womwe umapangidwa ndi kuwotcha mafuta ndi mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa mafuta. Chifukwa cha izi, chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonongeka pang'ono. Kutulutsa kwa injini za stroke anayi ndi pafupifupi maola 2000-2500.
Za zovuta za injini zoterezi, mutha kuwunikira zamphamvu zotsika kwambiri, miyeso yayikulu ndi kulemera, komanso mtengo wokwera.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za zopanga nyumba ndi kupatsa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa mafuta ndizovuta kuzitentha kwambiri kutentha mpaka - madigiri.
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Mafuta a mayina amitundu
Papoti la jenereta iliyonse, mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya mafuta ndi mafuta, zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu mitundu yamakono ya amitundu amitundu, neeethydydreted petulo ya A-92 imatsanulidwa nthawi zambiri. Poterepa, sipasayenera kuyimitsidwa mafuta, ndipo uyenera kukhala wowonekera. Sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a ethyl, komanso mafuta, kuchuluka kwa octane omwe anali ophatikizidwa ndi methanol. Kuti mugwire ntchito ya njoka ya petulo, mtundu wa A-95 sioyenera, mtundu wokha wa A-92 ndi womwe umafunikira.Jenereta yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya 5kW, mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malita 1.8 pa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti, ndi thanki ya malita 10, jenereta imatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola asanu ndi theka osapumira.
Minesel
Kenako tikambirana za mtengo wamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi inshuwaransi, jenereta, mphamvu, zida zowongolera, komanso makina omwe amagawa magetsi omwe amatulutsa. Zonsezi zimayikidwa pachimake.
Zomera za Diesel Kumasiyana pakuwonongedwa kwa kuphedwa, ndiko kuti, pakukhala pakuchepetsa phokoso, kapena popanda iwo. Malinga ndi momwe ma dizil amathandizira kuti mbewu zimasiyana munthawi yapano komanso voliyumu yake, mphamvu ndi zinthu zaposachedwa (magawo atatu) kapena okhazikika).
Mitundu yokhala ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 6 kw. Mitunduyi ili ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amawabweretsa pafupi ndi ma geoline a petulo - kupezeka kwa zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito (pafupifupi maola 8), kukula kochepa ndi kunenepa. Wopanga dizilo wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi maola 3,500-5000, ndipo izi ndi zoposa 70% kuposa za jenereta ya mafuta. Jenereta amenewa ndi omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pamafuta a dizilo, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma analogi a petulo ndipo amagwiranso ntchito phokoso.
Palinso majererators omwe ali ndi dongosolo lamadzimadzi lozizira lomwe mafuta kapena madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mauthenga a Diesel Off Croud munjira iyi amapitilira ndi mitundu ina mitundu ina yonse ya majedzore.
Ubwinowu ndi monga:
- Ngati pali mafuta okwanira, amatha kugwira ntchito bwino chaka chonse;
- Kutengera chitsanzo, mphamvu zimasiyana kuyambira 5 kw kupita ku megawatta;
- Kuyenda ndi pafupifupi maola 10,000;
- Mwina kupezeka kwa kusinthaku kumakhala kovuta.
Mitundu ya diesel ali ndi mwayi umodzi - palibe nthenga yoyaka mu mafuta otama dizilo, chifukwa mafuta odulira amatulutsa kwambiri mlengalenga.
Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:
- Mtengo wokwera kwambiri. Minesel amitundu yokhala ndi dzira madzi ozizira ndi nthawi zitatu kapena zinayi kuposa ma analogi;
- Kuti mupitirize kugwira ntchito jenereta, ndikofunikira kuti pasanathe 30% ya mphamvu zake zidatha, apo ayi mphamvu zake ndizotheka;
- Ndikosavuta kuyendetsa jenereta ya diesel pokhapokha kutentha osatsika -5 ° C, komanso pamadzi ochepera, sizingatheke kuti muyambe kuzimitsa;
- Ngati jenereta ilibe chivundikiro choteteza, ndiye kuti ntchito yake idzagwirizana ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri;
- Kulemera kwakukulu ndi kukula kwake.
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Minesenti amisili omwe ali ndi mankhwala ozizira amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana - 3000 rpm ndi 1500 rpm. Makina okhala ndi ntchito ya rotor ku 3000 RPM ndipo ali ndi phokoso. Alinso ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ocheperako kuposa kungoyenda ku Rems Revs (pafupifupi maola 5000-6000) ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito mozungulira koloko, kotero amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosunga.
5 KW Diesel Jenereto imatha pafupifupi 1.8 malita a mafuta pa ola limodzi, amatanthauza thanki, malita a 5.5 malita, ndizokwanira kwa maola atatu okha.
Opanga magesi amnyumba ndi chilimwe
Zomera zamagetsi zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa mafuta amwazi zimayendetsedwa ndi injini ya piston, yomwe imagwira ntchito pa kuzungulira kwa Otto. Ma injini ofotokozedwa omwe akufotokozedwa pamwambapa akugwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa pamafuta ophatikizidwa imazungulira shaft, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi opanga, ndipo zotsatira za ntchitoyi ndikupanga magetsi.
Kupanga kwa mayiko kumakhala ndi kulemera kwamagetsi opanga mafuta, ndipo mtundu wa dongosolo lozizira ndizofanana ndi opanga mitima yaufano. Kutengera ndi mtundu wachitsanzo, mitundu yamagesi yokhala ndi mphamvu yoposa 6 kw yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito mafuta osasunthika (andane, propane, methane), komanso pa dizilo kapena petulo.
Ubwino wa mayina am'masitolo:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pang'ono kuposa mapangidwe amagetsi. Methane, propane ndi Fesane ali ndi vuto lalikulu kuposa 100, chifukwa chake ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito pokakamizidwa;
- Mitengo yamageti yamagesi ndi yofanana ndi mitengo ya madontho a dizilo mbewu zokhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo;
- Mphamvu kuchokera ku 0.8 kw mpaka 9 mw;
- M'malo mwa mtengo wamagetsi amatha kuyika injini yonse ya dielosel ndi piston.
- Mafuta otsika mtengo komanso, motero, mtengo wocheperako wa kilowatts, womwe umatulutsa jenereta;
- biogas itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta;
- Awa ndi ma injini akuluakulu 30% kuposa mafuta ndi dizilo. Mafuta ophatikizira omwe amaphatikizira osatsalira, chifukwa chomwe mulingo wovala silinda ndi injini zamapiko zikachepa. Mafuta a zamagalimoto amayaka ndi gasi ndikusiya zopangidwa zoyaka pambuyo pawo;
- Zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi ma hydrocarbons kuposa ma hydrocarbons kuposa mu exesel kapena mafuta.
Pali zibwenzi zomwe zimadziwika ndi mayiko opanga. Ubwino wotere ndipadi kukweza pamoto nthawi zina, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zogwirira ntchito, chitetezo chokwanira chachilengedwe, pafupifupi chete chete komanso kusowa kwa kugwedezeka. Koma zonena izi kapena zachilungamo, kapena sizolondola, kapena zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Turbine Turbine. Mwachitsanzo, phokoso la phokoso limadalira kwambiri kuchokera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphindi ndi mtundu womwewo wozizira.
Zovuta zamagesezi zamagesi:
- Njira zowonjezera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zilepheretse kutaya kwa mpweya wayaka, popeza ndi moto ndi poizoni;
- Kuphatikiza pa kugula jersetation yamagetsi yokha, ndikofunikira kugula ma gearbones ndi masilinda omwe ali ndi mpweya, ndipo mtengo wawo nthawi zambiri umatha kufanana ndi mtengo wa jenereta yokha;
- Maola 100 aliwonse ogwirira ntchito, kusintha kwathunthu kwa mafuta kumafunikira, chifukwa pakugwira ntchito mu injini pamodzi ndi mafuta akuwala;
- Pa kutentha koyipa, mafuta a dothi amatuluka kwambiri, kotero m'nyengo yozizira jenereta yamagetsi iyenera kupezeka m'chipinda chofunda;
- Ndikotheka kulumikiza chomera cha mafuta kupita ku msewu waukulu wamafuta, koma ndizosatheka kuti azikhazikitsa;
- Makina onse omwe amakhala ndi madzi ndi mpweya wozizira ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi osunga ndalama, popeza woyamba amatha kugwira bwino ntchito pafupifupi maola 30, ndipo maola 6 okha ndi achiwiri ndi okha.
Kupanga kwa majini omwe ali ndi mphamvu 5 kw amakhala ndi makilogalamu 1.5 mu ola limodzi mukamagwira ntchito ndi 75%. Gasi 50-lita cylinders ali ndi makilogalamu 21 a mpweya, pamakhala kokwanira kuti apange jenereta kwa maola 14.
Opanga majeremisili ndi mitengo yamiyendo
Pa gawo la Russia, kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya, mafalaneti a dizilo akhazikitsidwa m'misonkhano iwiri: Msonkhano wa zigawo zankhondo ku Russia komanso kukhazikitsidwa ku Russia pansi pa mtundu wake . "Zovala" zopangidwa "zopangidwa mu chithunzi choyamba, ndipo chachiwiri - zopangidwa ndi mitundu ya prolab ndi" svarog ".
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Mwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi verp ndi co., mutha kupeza mitundu yomwe ili ndi mpweya, injini zama dizilo ndi mafuta okhala ndi 1.5 mpaka 320 kw. Mitengo ya verper jerreser imasiyana kuchokera pa 440 ma euro (gawo limodzi-gawo la petulo lokhala ndi 1.5 kw) mpaka 75 ma eurol (gawo la magawo atatu) ndi mphamvu ya 380 kw). Monga mbali ya opanga, lombardni, Yanmar ndi Honda injini zambiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mitundu ya Prolab ili ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku 0,65 mpaka 9 kw ndi mtengo nthambi kuyambira 4 mpaka 83 ma ruble okwana ma ruble 2 mpaka 16 mpaka 340 zikwi. Kampani yomwe imakhazikitsa injini ku China ku China siikudziwika.
Pakati pa mitundu ya ku Japan yomwe ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi Hitiachi, Honda ndi Yamaha. Pamitundu yomwe imapangidwa pansi pa izi, muyenera kumvetsera mwachidwi. Mosakayikira iwo ndi omwe amapanga mitundu yonse yopezeka pamsika waku Russia, onse kuti asunge mafuta komanso malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito. Koma zovuta zawo zazikulu ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri - 5 kw jenereta ya ma ruble 84.
Palinso opanga opanga matchalitchi ambiri, omwe ali mu gawo lobiriwira ndi Kipor amagawidwa, omwe adadzitsimikizira okha eni malo ogulitsa Russia. Mitengo yazakudya zamtundu wa masamba otalika kuchokera ku ma ruble 12,5 a neuble 2 kw jenereta 2, ndipo opanga amalankhula za ukadaulo wa Honda. Koma ambiri amamvetsetsa kuti ukadaulo wa Honda ndi zinthu za Honda ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zatchulidwazi ku Russia, mutha kupeza zinthu za ku America ndi ku Europe - General, SDMO, BONME, GEMAN NDI FG Wilson. Mtengo wapakatikati umakhala ndi ma ruble pafupifupi 55 pa gene 5 kw.