Kusamba kwachitsulo kwakhala kukuwononga nthawi yayitali mu zipinda zathu. Komanso, zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, inali njira yokhayo ya chiletso cha bafa, m'mene malo osambira sanali opangidwa. Pokhapokha ngati chitsulo chongodutsa chinayamba kudutsa maudindo ake, kulolera kuwunika kwakukulu komanso kukokodwa kwa acrylic. Komabe, posachedwa kutchuka kwatsopano kwa malo osambira nkhumba sikudziwika. Izi ndichifukwa choti malo osamba amakono amasulidwa ku zovuta zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi zinthu zopangidwa mu USSR.
Zowonjezera Zowonjezera ndi Opanga Opanga
Tsitsani malo osambira miyala monga ukhondo padziko lonse lapansi, motero lero muli ndi mwayi wogula malonda osati zopanga zapakhomo, komanso zimachokera ku Europe kapena ku Asia. Tiyeni tiyambitse ndemanga yathu kuchokera pamakampani aku Europe.
Roca.
Kampani ya ku Spain "Roca" imadziwika mumsika wopondaponda kwa zaka pafupifupi 100. Kampani yaying'ono idayamba pa Barcelona, yomwe idayamba ntchito zake pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiators ndi antchito. Pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa mzere ndikutsegula malo ogulitsira, kampaniyi idatha kupambana mitima ya ogula padziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano kampaniyo ili ndi masitolo m'maiko 135. Ku Russia, Roca ali ndi fakitale yake.
Malo osambira a Roca amakopa kapangidwe kake - mitundu yosavuta, yokongola ndipo glocky imawala bwino enamel amapanga maso. Pansi yoyikidwa imateteza kutsika. Wopanga amapereka chitsimikizo cha zaka 10 pazinthu zake zomwe zimawonetsa mtundu wa zinthu.
Kusamba kotsika mtengo kwa kampaniyi kumachepetsa ma ruble 20,000, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 120, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 10,000, pakadali pano mumalipira mtundu wapadera, wachilendo. Tchulani chizolowezi chazitsulo cha kutalika kwa masentimita 170, ziwononga pafupifupi ma ruble 26,000.
Yakobo delafon.
Jacob delafon ali ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri, monga inawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19. Okhazikitsidwa ku France, kampaniyo pang'onopang'ono adapita padziko lonse lapansi ndipo lero pali nthambi za m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ku Russia ndi ku United States. Amakhala pa bafa lokhalo lokha, komanso akuchitapo kanthu pa kupanga mipando, bungwe la bizinesi yamagetsi ndi kukonza magetsi, imachita zonsezi "kohler", zomwe zidaphatikizidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Mafuta a ku Kohler amadziwika ndi mitundu yayikulu. Mutha kusankha imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zingapezeke malo osambira, osambira ndi mabowo a faice, malo osambira komanso akuya, hydromage ndi zina zambiri. Kampaniyo imapereka chitsimikizo cha zaka 25 pazogulitsa zawo. Chitsulo chokhazikika, chitsulo chosasamba chochokera ku "Jacob delafon" adzawononga ma ruble 28,000. Mitundu Yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndi mlengi, ndikusindikiza kowoneka bwino kapena pachimake pa 300-400 zikwi zikwi.
Nkhani pamutu: Makanda ofiirira mkati - matsenga a mtundu ndi kukoma
Oxima.
Kampani ina ya ku France "oxame" imapanga malo ogulitsira ndipo ali ndi zaka zakale m'derali. Mafakitale a kampaniyo ali ku France mwachindunji, kotero kuti ku European ku Europever akupitiliza kulikonse. Pakusamba kopanga malo osambira, enamel amalandila chidwi chapadera. Imakhala yoyera kwathunthu komanso imawala pang'ono. Enamel amateteza kusamba kuchokera ku chimbudzi ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu. Tsitsani malo osambira a Oxame kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa cha kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamwamba kwazaka zambiri.
Phatikizani mitengo yosamba ya chitsulo kuchokera kwa wopangayo imasinthasintha kuchokera ku ma ruble 18,000 pabati 48,000 pa bafa lokwana ma ruble 48,000 patali ndi 83 masentimita mu mulifupi. Malo osambira okongoletsera miyendo yokongoletsera ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Artex.
Pakati pa opanga aku Asia omwe aphwanya malo osambira, bungwe la Artex. Kuzindikira kwa kampaniyi ndikuti ukadaulo waku Italy komanso opanga ena amakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe chake. Kukula kwa kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu kumapangidwa ndi mbali ya ku Europe, ndipo zopanga mwachindunji zimachitika ku China. Njira iyi imachepetsa mphamvu ya chinthu chomaliza, pomwe amasunga mawonekedwe ake.
Vata misika yopangidwa ndi Artex amadziwika ndi wogula wa Russia. Kwa ndalama zochepa mumapeza chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri. Zida zake ndi zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri ili ndi zoletsa zam'manja ndi kubwereka mutu. Ma siliva oxide adawonjezeredwa kwa enamel, omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya antibacteal ndikupitilira muyeso wa ntchito. - Mu ma ruble 70,000. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri, kutalika kwa masentimita 170 kumawononga ma ruble 20,000,000.
Ngakhale panali kukhalapo kwa mpikisano, ku Russia, kupanga malo osamba ndi chitsulo ndi kumasukanso. Makampani omwe akuchita izi, kwambiri, koma tingonena za otchuka kwambiri.
Chomera "konsekonse"
Chomera cha ku Russia "chili mumzinda wa Novokuznetsk ndipo amatulutsa malo osamba achitsulo kuchokera m'maphunziro a Soviet, kuyambira 1961. Musaganize kuti mtundu wa zinthu sizinasinthe kwa nthawi yayitali. Osati kale kwambiri, zida zamakono zidachitika pachifuwa ndipo zida zatsopano za Germany zidagulidwa, kotero titha kunena kuti zinthu zake zimakumana ndi miyezo yamakono kwambiri ku Europe. Kuwonongeka kwazinthu zili ndi mitundu 12 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamiyeso yamiyeso yosiyanasiyana, zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo. Zinthu zonse zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, chonde, chonde chiwerengero chamtengo wapatali.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungalimire masamba pakhonde ndi zinthu zomwe mukufuna
Mitengo ya chomera "Chilengedwe" chimakhala chochepa kwambiri: kuyambira 10,000,000,000,000, kotero ngakhale ndi bajeti yochepera yomwe mungakhale ndi kusamba kokwanira.
Fakitale ya Kirov
Kusamba kwina kotchuka kwa nyumba zopota ndi chomera cha Kirov. Pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, malo opanga opanga adakhazikitsidwa pamakaulosi omwe adapangidwa ku Germany. Zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pano zimagwirizana ndi madera opondaponda, ndi achilengedwe komanso otetezeka. Kusaterera kwachitsulo kumakutidwa ndi enamel apadera, omwe ali ndi vuto lokhala ndi siliva yemwe amatsuka pansi ndikusamwa madzi opatsa moyo wonse. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi olemedwa ndi madzi, amathandizira pa thanzi laumunthu.
Zomera za Kirov zimatulutsa malo osambira pamitengo yotsika kwambiri. Kusamba kotsika mtengo kwambiri, "khanda" kumatenga ma ruble ochepera 10,000, ndipo okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi mitundu ya 170 cm. Amawononga ma ruble pafupifupi 12,000.
Ma pluses ndipo chimaponya chitsulo
Zachidziwikire kuti ambiri a inu mumakumbukira ming'alu yozungulira yodzaza ndi mizere yamkati ya soviet yotayirira chitsulo chachitsulo. Popanga, enamel otsika adagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kuti akhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino kapena osavuta, kusamba kunayenera kudzudzula pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Masiku ano, mtundu wa enamel wakula kangapo, kotero bafa yamanja silimataya mitundu yake yoyambirira ngakhale zaka zambiri zogwirira ntchito.
Choyipa china cha malo osambira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimawonedwa ngati cholemera kwambiri komanso kukula kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti kusamba kukhale kosayenera. Zonsezi zidasokoneza kwambiri mayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa kwa zida zamtunduwu. Teminoloji yopanga imakupatsani mwayi wopanga kusamba kokwanira, wokhala ndi makhoma a mamilimita ochepa okha, omwe samataya mphamvu zawo zoyambirira komanso kukhazikika.
Ubwino waukulu wa kusamba nkhumba wasungidwa nthawi za Soviet, koma atsopano adawonjezedwa. Masamba otembezera omwe amapangidwa masiku ano alibe cholimba kwambiri, kuchokera pamsika womwe umaperekedwa pamsika. Samachita mantha kuwomba kapena kutsika kuchokera kutalika kochepa mu kukhazikitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamba kotereku sikufunikanso kudalirika kowonjezereka, chifukwa kumakhazikika pokha. Amalimbana mwakachetechete kulemera kwambiri ndi ndalama popanda chithandizo. Zonsezi, koyambirira, zimathandizira kukhazikitsa, ndipo chachiwiri, chimawonjezera anictics. Vomerezani, kusamba komwe kunakhazikitsidwa miyendo kumangowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa kusamba pachimake.
Nkhani pamutu: Kupanga kwa garaja ya slag mabatani kuchokera ku z
Ubwino wina wosasankhidwa wa bafa yotayika ndi kuthekera kosatha kutentha. Madzi mu chidebe chotere chimazizira pang'onopang'ono, kuti mutha kung'ung'udza ndikusamba. Mwa zina, bafa yoponyedwa ndi yachitsulo sinathe kusamalira. Wosanjikiza wa enamel ovala kapena kuvuta kwambiri kuwonongeka, motero amatha kutsuka osamba motere ndi njira iliyonse, popanda kuopa kuwononga pansi.
Zachidziwikire, ndizosatheka kusatchula zabwino zotere zopanduka masamba osambira:
- Moyo waukulu wautumiki. Opanga ena akulonjeza kuti malo osambira awo adzakutumikirani zaka 50;
- Zokongola zomveka. Phokoso la ndege yamadzi owopsa silidzafika pa anansi anu;
- Kupezeka kwamtengo. Zosankha izi zomwe zili pamsika ndi bajeti yambiri.
Zachidziwikire, kusamba kwachitsulo choponyedwa, monga chilichonse padziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo zabwino, amapatsidwa zolakwa zingapo, komabe, sizochuluka.
Kusowa kwakukulu kwakukulu kwa malo opangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi motere: ngakhale kuti, poyerekeza ndi anzawo a Soviet, ali ndi vuto lotereli, "adapumirabe. Ikani kusamba kotereku ndikosatheka, choncho pezani kuti muli patsogolo. Zina mwazomwezo ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ndi kukula kwake. Pali mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana yamiyala ya chitsulo yokha. Kwa bafa lomwe silikhala lokhazikika, kunyamula kusamba kuchokera ku izi sikungakhale kovuta.
Malangizo Othandiza
Kusamba kwamakono kwamakono kuli moyo wopanda malire kwenikweni, chifukwa chake sikuyenera kusamala kwambiri - ndizovuta kuziwononga. Komabe, monga chinthu china chilichonse chopanga miyala, popanda chisamaliro choyambirira, pamapeto pake chimataya zoyera. Pewani izi zosavuta kwambiri!
Ingotsatirani malangizo athu: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·:
- Ngakhale kuti malo osambira achitsulo omwe akuwonongeka ndi otetezedwa ndi enamel apamwamba kwambiri, osakonda kuwoneka ngati zopukutira, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mabulosi olimba ndi kuyeretsa kwamphamvu kuti asambe.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, tengani cholekana ndi wopanga. Komanso, mawonekedwe ake amatsukidwa bwino mothandizidwa ndi sopo wamba kapena wofuula.
- Mukamaliza njira zonse zaukhondo, ndibwino kufafaniza kusamba ndi malo ofewa. Yesani kuchita izi kamodzi patsiku kenako kusamba kwanu kudzakula.
- Malo omwe amapezeka pa enamel ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo atangowoneka. Pazifukwa izi, acetic ndi citric acid ndi abwino kwambiri.
