Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera okwanira ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoteteza ndi kukhalabe wathanzi. Tsoka ilo, masiku ano magetsi amadzi a zifukwa zingapo sizingaperekedwe ogula madzi ofunikira, pokhudzana ndi zomwe ndikofunikira kuti mutsutse. Pachifukwa ichi, osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zida zamankhwala, koma cthumic membrane zosefera ndizosavuta kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
Chida ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za kusefa kwa madzi
Fyuluta yamadzi yamadzi ndi nemba-ceranel ya ceranel yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa mu bulatolo, yomwe imayikidwa pachitsulo. M'machitidwe otere, njira yoyenda imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Makonda ochepa kwambiri mafoni akulumpha mamolekyulu amadzi ndi mchere, koma khazikani zoipitsa, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimadziwika ndi kukula kwake. Nthawi zambiri, makina osefa osefa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafayilo, komwe ma membrane amapezeka kuti atsitsidwe ndi maselo a cell: Zimakupatsani mwayi woyeretsa kwambiri popanda kuchepetsa moyo wa FUWO.
Kodi ceraner ndi chiani?
Ndemanga ya cerane ndi mawonekedwe owonda omwe amapaka ma nembanemba a nembanetsatane omwe madzi amadutsa nthawi yosefera. Makulidwe ake, monga lamulo, sapitirira 5 micrometers, ndipo m'mimba mwake, kutengera ndi ma micsentimita 0.1 mpaka 0.05 micrometers, zomwe zimalola kuthetsa zodetsa ngakhale zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri.
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Momwe ndi kupanga zosefera?
Zida zopangira zopangira ma nemuric ndi ufa wachitsulo ndi crum yaying'ono masana - aluminium kapena tincium carbide, yotsekera mpaka 1800. Njira yaukadaulo yotereyi imakupatsani mwayi woti mukwaniritse zambiri zofunikira zazinthuzo komanso chitetezo chokwanira.Kodi mabakiteriya ndi mabakiteriya amayeretsa chiyani?
Mtundu wa zodetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa mwachindunji kumatengera zomwe zasintha mwachindunji za ceramic ceramince yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, malingaliro oyeretsa amtunduwu adzitsimikizira kuti ndi njira yochotsera madzi:
- kuwonongeka kwa makina;
- Zitsulo zolemera;
- Microorganis yoyipa (kuphatikizapo salmonlla, timitengo timitu, cholera, Giardia, ndi zina);
- gland;
- mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic (kuphatikizapo zinthu zopangira mafuta);
- Zina zodetsedwa ndi mitsuko yopitilira mainchesi a nembanemba.
Kodi Fyuluta imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa fluorine?
Zosefera zamadzi za kuyeretsa madzi nthawi zambiri sizimapangidwa kuti zichotsedwe kwa chimfinechi, komabe pali zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zinthu zina zomwe zidapangidwa makamaka pazomwezi.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo a zosefera
Makhalidwe apamwamba aukadaulo a flow membrane zosefera ndi:- Zokolola ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otsimikizika omwe amatha kukonza kasefa panthawi inayake (kuyesezedwa mu malita pa ola limodzi);
- Mzere wa nembanemba ndi malo onse a nembanemba, pomwe chipangizocho chimagwira ntchito ndi pafupipafupi mwachindunji (choyesedwa mu M2);
- Kukula kwa Pore - mainchesi a Pureranes. Kuposa izi ndi zochepa, kuyeretsa kochenjera kwambiri kumabweretsa zosefera (kuyesedwa mu micrometers);
- Kukakamizidwa Kupanikizika - Kukakamizidwa kuti Kukhazikika kwa fyuluta ndi mtundu wa kuyeretsa madzi ndi kotsimikizika.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zosefera za ceramic poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ena
Masiku ano pali njira zingapo zamadzimadzimadzi, komabe, fyuluta yokhala ndi nembanemba ili ndi maluso angapo pa aliyense wa iwo:
- Makina oyeretsa cartridge amalimbana ndi ntchito yawo yopanda zosefera, koma amafunikira kusintha pafupipafupi kwa zinthu zokwera mtengo;
- Zosefera ozone zidapangidwa kokha popewa matenda m'madzi, ndiye kuti, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachotsedwa kokha. Zosefera, mosiyana ndi Ozone, lolani madzi ku zodetsa zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ozoni ali owopsa kwa thupi la munthu, kotero zosefera ozone zimafunikira kukonza mosamala ndikuchita bwino.
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Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa sefa yamadzi yam'madzi ndi dongosolo lamadzi mu infor esmosis?
Njira zosinthira osmosis zimapirira bwino ndi kusefukira kwamadzi kuchokera pamitundu yonse ya zosayera, komabe, samachotsa zinthu zovulaza, komanso madzi atatha kwambiri. Zosefera, kukonza madzi, kusunga mchere ndi mchere womwewo.
Dongosolo la Kusefera ku Osmosis
Momwe Mungasankhire Fyuniki wa Ceramic kuti mugwiritse ntchito kunyumba
Zosavuta kwambiri pokonza kunyumba yosewerera yomwe yakonzedwa kuti ikhazikike pansi pa kumira. Masanjidwe amtunduwu amalola kuti osakhala ndi chipangizocho mongolemekeza madzi, komanso amapereka mwayi wopeza kukonzanso.
Njira yayikulu yosankhira zosefera ndi:
- Kukula kwa kukhazikitsa ndi membrane block imatsimikizika ndi zosefera bwino mpaka kukonzanso kotsatira, dongosolo komanso kuthekera kwa kuyika kwake;
- Kutsatira mapangidwe a chipangizocho ndi katundu wamadzi osefedwa - madzi okhazikika komanso madzi ofewa, komanso madzi okhala ndi zodetsa, zosefera zapadera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mitundu ya zosefera zapakhomo zamadzi kuyeretsa madzi
Zosefera membrane ceranet zimatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mulifupi mwake, ndipo pa mfundoyi zagawika:
- Zosefera Microfistration - kukula kwa membrane kuyambira 0,02 mpaka 4 microns. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito muzomera zosefera paziyeso zamadzi zabwino.
- Ma Floffiltor Offer - Membrane Steide 0.02 - 0.2 μm. Chifukwa cholingachi ndichofanana ndi microfiition.
- Zosefera kwa Nanofistration - kukula kwa nembanemba 0,001 - 0.01 μm. Ankakonda kuchotsa mchere wambiri m'madzi (kufewetsa).
Kodi wopanga wa fyuluta amasankha chiyani?
Msika wamakono wa zojambula zamakono umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yakunja "kukopera", "Pentekotion", "Pentek", "akhacton", "NTCACon", "NTC- Madzi ". Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha kuchokera ku zosefera zaku Russia - izi zidzapulumutsa popanda kutaya. Pakadali pano, pamsika wa machitidwe oyeretsa apakhomo, fyuluta yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya singaimiridwe ndi EKoreOs.
Komanso, kusankha kwa makina osokoneza bongo apanga zigawo ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi anzawo akunja.
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Moyo Waupangiri Wothandizira ndi Kusamalira
Ambiri mwa opanga amatsimikizira moyo wa zaka khumi za zosefera, malinga ndi malamulo ogwirira ntchito.Zosefera membrane ndizosavuta kusunga, ndipo ena a iwo ali okonzekera kusintha - izi zimalola ntchito yokonzedwa, osasokoneza chipangizocho. Ngati chipangizocho sichili ndi ntchito yotere, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa zosefera kuti muyeretse mitsempha yazanga, chotsani mabatani ndikuchotsa chinkhule cham'madzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga. Pantchito, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ma nemback a cmeramic ndi zinthu zosalimba.
Mitengo ya zosefera ndi zigawo zigawo
Mitengo ya bajeti ya bajeti yathani imayambira ma ruble 15,000, ndipo mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, kutengera kasinthidwe, kumatha kufikira ma ruble zikwi zana.
Mitengo ya zinthu zikuluzikulu imasiyananso kwambiri kutengera wopanga, koma kukonza zosefera zopangidwa ndi Russia ndizotsimikizika kuti zigule thumba lambiri kuposa zomwezo ndi mafano akunja.
Kodi mungatani kuti isinthe cartridge?
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za zosefera za ceramic ndikusowa kofunikira kusintha matotoni, omwe gawo lawo limachitidwa ndi ma chmbrane. Kusintha midadadayo, monga lamulo, siyikuperekedwa.
Momwe mungawonetsere kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera, osati kuvulaza thanzi
Zosefera zam'madzi ndizotetezeka kwathunthu, komabe, kupereka zizindikiro zaukadaulo, ndikofunikira kusunga zida ndikutsatira malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito.
