Kuthekera ndi luso laukadaulo lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zonse - ndizovuta kwambiri, komanso chipilala. Mwa kukhululukidwa, masitepe wamba kuchokera ku zitsulo zopweteka kumasinthidwa kukhala zojambulajambula zenizeni, zodziwika ndi kusinthana ndi zowunikira.
Mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo woperekera ukadaulo wokhululuka, woonda komanso ngakhale mpweya wa masitepe amapangidwa. Mapangidwe ake amakhala okhazikika kuti apirire ngakhale katundu wambiri. Uku ndiko kutchuka kwa masitepe obzala mpaka pansi yachiwiri. Tiyeni tiwone zonse za izi.
Mawonekedwe opangidwa
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ukadaulo wopanga masitepe awa sanasinthe. Master-Blailsmsms amasamutsa chidziwitso ndi kuthekera kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, koma mosasamala kanthu mwangozi alephera. Chifukwa chake, ma rograse coupts, nthata, sleddhammer ndi nyanga zakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zotseguka za zitsulo.
Popeza chitsulo ndi chinthu cha pulasitiki, ndiye pafupifupi zithunzi zilizonse zimapezeka kwa iwo. Ndipo kulephera kwa zochita chabe ndi kuphatikiza, chifukwa malondawo, omwe amapangidwa ndi manja, akuti ali okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amawoneka osangalatsa.
Chinanso chokhudza chiwerengero. Kukhululuka kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi. Mutha kupeza masitepe mwa mapangidwe onse awiri.
Madera amakono amatha kugwira ntchito popanga mapangidwe monga:
- Zachilendo;
- zachikale;
- Gothic;
- amphor;
- Amakono;
- Baroque ndi ena ambiri.
Kutulutsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe ngakhale mtundu wokwera mtengo kwambiri wa nkhuni ulibe. Izi:
- Kusamba kowoneka kwa malonda;
- kuwonekera;
- kulimba ndi kuvala kukana;
- kutseguka;
- chitetezo chachikulu;
- Mapangidwe ake.
Mitundu ya masitepe owira
Mitundu ingapo yamitundu ingapo yosiyidwa. Kusankha mtundu wina wa nsanje pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- Kuphweka, chitonthozo cha ntchito ndi kuyenda pamakwerero;
- Kuthekera kwachuma ndi zomwe amakonda;
- Kukhalapo kwa malo aulere m'nyumba.
Chifukwa chovuta kungoletsa malondawo amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
- Zinthu zosavuta. Apa kungopeza ndikosavuta momwe ndingathere, koma zinthu zonse ndizokongola. Popanga mawonekedwe, mtundu umodzi wa zinthu umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira iyi ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa zinthu zina zonse ndi masitepe oterewa amasankhidwa pokhapokha ngati kapangidwe kake kumafunikira mpanda wodalirika.
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- Ma corcection okhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito makamaka kupanga mawonekedwe okhala ndi sing'anga yokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Ichi ndi masitepe ambiri amsewu, masitepe a masitolo kapena hotelo.
- Mayankho ovuta. Palibe malire pano. Pangani mbali iliyonse yolumikizana ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana.
Malinga ndi cholinga chogwira ntchito, masitepe achitsulo amagawika kukhala akulu, olowera komanso kutsogolo.
Muvidiyo: adachita zozikika (za oyendetsa).
Kanema
Zachikhalidwe kwambiri ndipo pakufunikira ndizofanana ndi masitepe a mbali yachiwiri. Amapereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri komanso yotetezeka kwambiri. Njira zothetsera makanema zimangopanga. Iwo aikidwa m'nyumba za anthu wamba, komanso mkati mwa mkati mwa malo pagulu, komanso m'malo opanga.
Mu Marichi aliyense sayenera kukhala wocheperako, koma osapitilira ma 15, ndiye kuti kukwera kudzakhala kotetezeka ndipo sapeza mphamvu zambiri. Ngati Marichi ndi wautali, amagawidwa m'magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo, pakati pa bwalolo limayikidwa. Madontho olinganiza amatha kukhala owongoka komanso kutembenuka. Ngakhale kuti ndizosavuta, zimawoneka zosangalatsa mkati.
Kungotha kwa njira zoterezi ndi kukula konsekonse, motero samasankhidwa kuti akweze m'nyumba zazing'ono kapena zipinda zokhala ndi malo omasuka.
Nati
Masitepe a screw amakhala malo ocheperako komanso data yomwe imawoneka yokongola. Koma pochita opareshoni sakhala omasuka kwambiri ngati kugunda. Mawonekedwe mu njira zozungulira. Malo m'nyumba yaumwini kapena nyumba zitha kupulumutsidwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.
Zosintha zosintha nyumba zachinsinsi zimasankhidwa ngati chokoleti chowonjezera. Timagwiritsa ntchito kutchuka ndi makonzedwe a nyumba zakunyumba ndi malo ochepa.
Matalala
Izi zidapangitsa kuti ziwopsezo zomwe zimaganiziridwa makamaka pakupanga ndi kupanga, ngakhale zimakhala zokongoletsa kwambiri ndizokwera kwambiri. Atha kukhala mumsewu komanso mkati. Mabwana okha ofunikira kwambiri amawatenga. Mapangidwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu. Magawo akutha, kukhala ndi nsanja yapamwamba.
Ubwino wowonekera umaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kwakukulu komanso kapangidwe kokongola kokongola. Onani chithunzi cha imodzi mwa masitepe awa.
Kupanga masitepe a chilala
Kupanga masitepe aliwonse kumayamba ndi kapangidwe ndikusankha zofunikira. Koma musanatenge ntchito yotere, muyenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonseyi. Zachidziwikire, sikofunikira kuchita popanda luso logwira ntchito ndi makina oyendetsa, ndikofunikira ndikudziwa kukula kwamitundu yazitsulo zam'tsogolo, kutengera malo aulere amtsogolo, kutengera malo aulere ndi mawonekedwe a mkati mwa chipindacho, pomwe makwerero adzaikidwa.Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungapangire masitepe m'chipinda chapansi: magawo akuluakulu opanga zitsanzo zitatu
Jambula
Kupanga kwa zinthu zopangidwa kumayamba ndi chitukuko. Pa chiyambi choyambirira, muyenera kuyesetsa kupanga kapangidwe kake. Mwina mungafune kapangidwe kameneka, zomwe ndi zokwanira kupanga zifukwa zazing'ono zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu alawa.
Komanso panthawi yopanga, mutha kupanga zojambula m'mabaibulo osiyanasiyana kenako osasankha opambana kwambiri. Kulandila ogwira ntchito ndi kuphatikiza kwa zojambula bwino mu pulojekiti imodzi. Poyamba, chilichonse chimakokedwa papepala, kenako sankhani zinthu zoyenera komanso zigawo zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe. Ngati njira yotayirira imachitika ndi manja anu, mawonekedwe ake ayenera kufanana ndi ambuye.
Zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zingafune kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kunyumba.
Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu
Ngati njirayi idzachitika popanda kudziimba, ndiye kuti zinthuzo zimawerengeredwa kumapeto kwa wopanga. Popanga maphwando am'masitepe a chilala, ndi bwino kusankha zinthu zotere zomwe ndizosavuta kuthana nazo. Mbiri ya zakuthupi, kubwereketsa magawo osiyanasiyana kumatha kukhala zakuthupi pakukwaniritsa malingaliro.
Ndikwabwino kugula gawo laling'ono la lent la renti - ndizosavuta kugwira ndipo ndizosavuta.
Pomanga masitepe, kuleredwa kumene kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njanji, baluster, komanso pafupi ndi zinthu izi. Masitepe ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Itha kukhala ya matabwa, chitsulo, kuchokera ku zinthu zophatikizika (pomwe gawo lonyamula limapangidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo masitepewo ali otamba).
Kukonzekera Chida
Musanayambe ntchito, muyenera kuteteza zida zofunika. Zidzatenga:- Makina owotchera ndi zolaula;
- Malo osalala ku msonkhano wa msonkhano;
- Bulgaria;
- mulingo, prolele;
- chitopa;
- Zinthu zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana.
Kutembenuza pamwamba
Zomwe zidachitika pa zojambulazo ziyenera kusamutsidwa kumalo okonzedweratu. Poyamba jambulani chimango. Kutalika kwa Standard Hircase ndi 950 mm. Koma ndikofunikira kuganizira za kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera pa sitejiyo - pafupifupi 100 mm.
Njanji zimatha kukhala ndi matalala. Kenako chimango ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi 820 mm. Ngakhale kuti miyeso ndi yofunika, pankhaniyi, kulondola kwa izi, ndizofunikira - masitepe a masitepe amakhala ndi malo otsetsereka. Ngakhale kusintha pang'ono pokonchera kumabweretsa kufunika kosinthitsa kwathunthu.
Chimachome chikakonzeka, choleza mtima. Ndi bwino kuchita choko kuti ikhale yosavuta kufufuta ndikubwezeretsanso. Chithunzicho chikakhala chokwanira, muziyeza kutalika kwa gawo lililonse.
Kapangidwe kake
Pamene kukula kwake konse kumadziwika chimodzimodzi, mutha kupitilira mwachindunji. Kukula kwake, ndikofunikira kudula zinthuzo, zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi chopukusira. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera koma osayiwala za njira yachitetezo.
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Chigawo chilichonse chosinthika chimafunikira kupereka mawonekedwe. Zimakhala zovuta ndipo zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Mwina sizingagwirenso ntchito nthawi yomweyo, koma ndikofunikira kupitiliza kubweretsa zizindikiro mu zojambula za nyundo. Migodi ipita mwachangu, koma kunyumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzizira.
Malingalirowo akakhala kuti ali ndi vuto, amafanizidwa ndi kuyeseza kuti ayesedwe. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi makina oyendetsa, chimango chimasonkhanitsidwa. Ikakonzeka, yakhuta. Ngati cholukacho chikuchokera ku Barusin wopangidwa-wopangidwa, ndiye kuti mutha kusunthira nthawi yomweyo.
Zinthuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe pojambula. Malo aliwonse amapanga mfundo zing'onozing'ono ndi kuwotcherera. Ndikofunikira kuti pakakhala cholakwika, kapangidwe kake kungasokoneze mosavuta.
Kumaliza Kupotoza
Kuti masitepe osefukira amatha kukhala chokongoletsera mkati ndipo anali mpanda wogwira ntchito komanso wotetezeka, chilichonse chikuyenera kukhala chosalala. Kupanda kutero, zovala zikhala zikumatira ma burrs. Malo a Misonkhanowo amayeretsedwa ndi maburashi ndi mabwalo ozungulira opukusira.
Nthawi zambiri, kujambula kumasankhidwa ngati chomaliza chakunja. Koma, musanapaka makwerero, muyenera kuyika dothi lapadera. Nyemba ya dothi limathandizira kusamba kosalala kwa maliza. Dothi limateteza zitsulo ku chilengedwe, ngati ndi mtengo wamsewu.
Kujambula kuyenera kufikiridwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi patina - zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kupereka masitepe opangidwa mnyumbamo, malingaliro akuti "pansi pa nyenyezi" ajambulidwa ndi utoto ndi zoopsa. Zinthu zopaka utoto zimatha kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba komanso mumsewu.
Kutsegulira kuzizira: Njiwa ya masitepe imachita izi (2 kanema)
Zosankha za masitepe ndi zinthu zopangidwa (zithunzi 55)
