Ana ambiri kusukulu amapatsa ntchito zachilimwe pa biology. Chimodzi mwazinthu chodziwika kwambiri ndikusonkhanitsa zitsanzo za chomera padziko lapansi. Kuti mupange Herbaium kuchokera pamasamba ndi manja anu, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino mbewu, ziume kaye ndikuwakonzera bwino mu album yapadera. Kalasi yaying'ono ya kupanga masamba ouma imakuthandizani kuti muthandizire achinyamata mu ntchito zake. Kuchokera pazida za nkhani yankhani yomwe muphunzira malamulo a herbalization ndipo mutha kukonza bwino album. Kuphatikiza apo, tinena za njira ina yopanga masamba.
Ntchito zasayansi za bonany zidalola kuti munthu wamakono akhale ndi lingaliro lazomera zosowa. Mitundu ingapo imasowa tsiku lililonse, ndipo atsopano abwera kudzawalowetsa. Pofuna kusunga zomwe oyimira payekha, panali njira yowapangira mu mtundu wa buku lokhala ndi zolembedwa za malo osungira ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe.
Kodi Herbarium
Dzina la Herbalima limachokera ku lipoti la Chilatini - "udzu". Imayimira mndandanda wa zouma zouma zomwe zalembedwa mu chikwatu chapadera. Italistist Luca Gini adakhala munthu woyamba kutolera Herbarium pogwiritsa ntchito pepala. Izi ndizachilendo kwambiri ndipo zimalola kwa nthawi yayitali kuti musunge zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.
Masiku ano, asayansi oposa 10,000 amasankhidwa posonkhanitsa ndi kapangidwe ka Herbaris, ntchito yotsogolera m'maiko 168. Zophatikiza zazikuluzikulu zazomera zimapezeka m'mabungwe asayansi, France, Russia, Switzerland. Kuphatikiza apo, maluso amakono amakulolani kusunga zambiri osati ndi njira yakale - pakadali pano pali zamatsenga zotchedwa Higital Herbalies. Amasanthula zithunzi za mapepala okhala ndi zidziwitso zonse. Ngati mutha kuwona magulu akuluakulu kwambiri, pochezera museum kapena asayansi, ndiye kuti ndalama zamagetsi zimapezeka pa intaneti.
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Sonkhanitsani Herbailium kunyumba kwa aliyense, chifukwa pa zolinga izi pali pepala lapadera, guluu, akanikizire zitsanzo, zikwatu zosungirako. Koma kuti apange chotolera, sichofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi, konse, ndikokwanira kuwonetsa luso ndikuzipereka pankhani yomwe ikuchitidwa. Mutha kuwona malingaliro pa kapangidwe kake:
Momwe Mungatengere Zinthu
Kulumikizana ndi mwana kuseri kwa zitsanzo nkhalango kapena pakiyo kudzabweretsa phindu lalikulu komanso chisangalalo. Kupatula apo, uwu ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wotenthetsedwa, kupuma mpweya wabwino ndikubwezeretsa katunduyo chidziwitso cha oyimira mbewu.
Monga kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo za Herbain, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Kusonkhanitsa zinthu kumachitika kokha mu nyengo yowuma;
- Ndikwabwino kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo pafupi ndi masana, pomwe mame am'mawa adatulutsidwa kale;
- Zomera zimachotsedwa pansi kwathunthu kuti zigawo zonse zitha kuzizilitsidwa;
- Kwa makope akulu (mitengo, zitsamba), ziwalo zodziwika bwino zimasankhidwa zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira zitsanzo;
- Mukasonkhanitsa gulu lowopsa, limadulidwa mu mpeni wakuthwa gawo limodzi la kuthawa kuti mtunduwo uwoneka;
- Zinthuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa pokhapokha ngati pali matenda ndi tizirombo, zodziwika bwino zowonongeka;
- Onetsetsani kuti mwakonza cholembera ndi chogwirizira musanayende, chifukwa sichofunikira kuti zisasamalire Herbarium, komanso malongosoledwe awo;
- Kwa chitsanzo chilichonse, muyenera kutenga zitsanzo zingapo. Ngati zottolera ndizosangalatsa, mutha kusonkhanitsa osiyanasiyana kuchokera mumtengo umodzi ndikumangomanga mbale.
Mutha kupanga zotola za onse osakaniza komanso mwadongosolo posankha gawo lina, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala othandizira, udzu, oimira chipinda cha maluwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuyanika masamba
Njira yosavuta yowuma ku Vivo imaganiziridwa kuti ikuuma pakati pa masamba. Ngati masambawo sanali onyowa komanso owutsa mudyo, kusankha uku kuli koyenera mwangwiro.
Pofuna kuti musawononge buku la mtengo wamtengo wapatali, poyambira pakati pa mapepala ake ndi zitsanzo za pepala.
Zogwirizana zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimapezeka pouma kamodzi. Amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku ndikusamukira ku ma sheti ena a bukulo kuti apewe nkhungu. Buku lochokera kumwamba limatha kusindikizidwa ndi atolankhani kuti zisawoneke. Pambuyo 5-10 masiku, mutha kuyamba kutolera.
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Njira zotsatirazi zouma zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Zitsanzo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zimayikidwa pakati pa mapepala awiri a pepala loyera ndi stroke pa kutentha kwapakatikati. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti kudabwitsa (zitsanzo zowuma) zidzatayika mtundu wachilengedwe.
Kapangidwe ka Album
Kukonza Herbailim kusukulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma albino nthawi zonse pazigawo zojambula, koma si pepala lowuma kwambiri lingawonongeke pambuyo poti asungunuke. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutolera mapepala a Herbarhic padera. Mapangidwe awo, tengani:
- Makatoni Oyera Oyera (chiwerengero cha mapepala ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zouma);
- ma sheet a album;
- Masitepe kuchokera pamakatoni odzikongoletsa anayi ndi 12 cm;
- Mafoni Amtundu Wamtundu;
- PV Coud, lumo, zingwe, hole nkhonya.
Masamba omwe amasonkhanitsidwa amachotsa pang'ono kuchokera ku chosungira. Masamba a lamella ku tsamba lakumalo pogwiritsa ntchito guluu.
Makatoni opindika bwino guluu ndikumatira ma sheet a album okhala ndi masamba owuma.
Kuti musunge chitsanzochi ndikuchiteteza kuchokera kufumbi, gwiritsani ntchito gulu la ambiri, kudula mbali ziwiri kapena kutsata pang'ono. Malo otetezera pa pepalalo, akuyendetsa katoni yotchinga ndikuyendetsa mapangidwe ndi dzenje. Tsekani pepala lililonse.
Msampha uliwonse, gulu chizindikiro pansi pa tsamba lomwe likuwonetsa malo ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa, mayina, pazinthu za mbewu. Kenako, mapepala amafunika kusoka limodzi ndikugwirizanitsa pachikuto. Pankhaniyi, zithunzi zopangidwa mu osonkhanitsa ndikuthandizidwa mu chithunzi cha zithunzi mu mawonekedwe a collage.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chikwatu mwachizolowezi, ndikuyika mapepala okhala ndi zida.
Njira yachilendo
Nthawi zina ntchito yosangalatsa yokonza zoti zototo za zomera zayamba kupatsa ana kale. Pofuna kuti mwana akhale ndi chidwi chofunafuna herbarium ya ardergarten, tikukupangitsani kuti mukonzekere m'njira yosangalatsa - tulo.
Ma sheet a pepala amatha kupangidwa pa mtanda wamchere, pulasitala. Poyamba, mtanda umasakanikirana ndi Chinsinsi Choyambira: Sakanizani mchere ndi ufa wofanana, amalimbitsa madzi mpaka pulasitikiyo apezeka.
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Pereka ma medallions ang'ono kuchokera pa mtanda. Ikani masamba mwa iwo ndi pini yokugudubuzika ndi mitsempha. Kanikizani malo owumitsa, pambuyo pake mumachotsa tsamba ndi utoto wa Ottis pamwamba.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa kuponyedwa umapangidwa ndi pulasitala. Njirayi sivuta kwambiri, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala chithunzi chokongola komanso cholimba. Kupanga, mudzafunika:
- thumba la pulasitiki;
- Mbale yapulasi;
- Pulasitiki (mutha kukalamba);
- Gypsum, madzi;
- anasonkhanitsa masamba;
- utoto.
Njirayi ndi yosavuta kwambiri, malangizo a zithunziyo adzakuthandizani kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane.
Chonde dziwani kuti lingaliro liyenera kukukopani.
Dzazani ndikuchoka mpaka kuyanika kwathunthu.
Timapita pulasitiki.
Kumenyedwa, kuphimba ndi varnish.
Pulogalamu yotere itenga malo oyenera mumkati, ndipo idzakhala kunyada kwenikweni kwa mwana.
Kanema pamutu
Tikukupemphani kuti muwone mavidiyo omwe mumaphunzira kupanga Herbachium ndi manja anu.