Kanyumba, nthawi zambiri imakhala kapangidwe kazikulu. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusowa kwa malo a chipangizo cha masitepe owiritsa. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kamene kamalipira kwapadera. Ntchitoyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti muli bwino pansi ndikusunga malo okhalamo. Zosankha zoterezi zilipo, zimangodzidziwitsa zokhazokha ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Masitepe a masitepe
Masitepe pachipinda chachiwiri mdziko muno Pali njira zingapo. Kuyika kafukufuku wofanana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- Mawonekedwe a nyumbayo;
- zopangira zida zopangira;
- Kuthekera kwachuma kwa nyumbayo.
Kusankha mtundu ndi kusintha kwa masitepe kumatengera zochitika zina. Kenako, lingalirani mitundu yotchuka - kuchokera ku kalasi yachuma ndi zinthu zokwera mtengo, zabwino zake komanso zovuta.
Chuma
Zosankha zachuma kwambiri zamasitepe mdziko muno ndi zida zamatabwa. Amakhala ndi mipiringidzo iwiri ndi misempha. Kukongoletsa kwa chinthu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ngati masitepe samapangidwa ndi manja anu, koma amagulidwa m'sitolo, ndikofunikira kuteteza mtundu wake, makamaka ngati chipangizocho chikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Ubwino wa nyumba zam'madzi ndi manzard kuchokera kudera la chuma ndi izi:
- Zida zomangira. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa malowo chifukwa cha chipangizo chawo, makamaka ngati tikukambirana zamakina. Ngati ndi kotheka, makwerero oterewa amatha kuyipitsidwa ndikuchotsa pachimake chachiwiri.
- Mitundu yayikulu. Pali mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: Kukulunga, ma telescopic, kupukutira ndi kulondola. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muthe kusankha aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito.
- Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chipangizocho ndichosavuta kugwirizanitsa, chimapindidwa ndikusintha popanda zovuta zambiri.
Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo zochulukirapo - nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuti zitsike pamasitepe otere.
Zosangalatsa
Kuchulukitsa mtengo wa zovuta za masitepe, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimamaliza. Mwachitsanzo, zotulukapozi zopangidwa kuchokera ku zoloza zoyambirira, osati kungopereka kukongola kwa masitepe, komanso kumawonjezera phindu lake.
Chenjezo ndiyoyenera komanso chipangizocho kuchipatala ndi imodzi mwamakono. Phiri limachitika pa omwe amatchedwa ma balts. Amakhala zikhomo zopindika kumapeto. Komwe kuli masitepe ku marodis ndizotheka pokhapokha khoma, popeza mbali inayo ilibe chithandizo.
Kalasi ina yopumira ndi masitepe ozungulira opangidwa ndi mitengo kapena chitsulo ndi kapangidwe koyambirira. Kupanga kotereku ndikuwoneka bwino, ndipo kumatenga malo ochepa.
Sankhani kapangidwe
Tiyeni tipeze zojambula zosungidwa zomwe zili ponseponse pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo, koposa zonse, ndizosavuta, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zosavuta kusonkhana:
- Masitepe achinsinsi. Mtundu womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri amatanthauza kusankha kwa bajeti. Ubwino ndi lingaliro la chipangizocho, koma zoperewera zitha kupezeka m'dera lalikulu. Kusunga malo, mizere ya masitepe imachuluka, koma pankhaniyi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo ndi kutonthoza kuyenda mosiyanasiyana.
Zolemba pamutu: Njira za masitepe: njira zosankha ndi njira zogwirira ntchito
- Ngodya ndi masitepe ozungulira. Othandiza ndikukhala ndi malo ochepera m'chipindacho. Zabwino zabwino zonyamula katundu. Koma kukhala ndi nthawi pa kukhazikitsa adzakhala ndi zina zambiri.
- Zomangira zosafunikira. Mwa njira yake, chipangizocho ndi chovuta. Popanda kuzolowera, zimakhala zovuta kumani nokha - zonse zimatengera chiwembu ndi zida.
Masitepe a nyumba yadziko lapansi amapangidwa modziyimira pawokha kuyambira pachiwonetsero. Masiku ano, makampani ambiri amapereka zigawo zopangidwa ndi anthu, mutha kugula zinthu zofunika ndikuwasonkhanitsa.
Zochita Zopindulitsa
Mukavomerezedwa ndi cholinga chomanga masitepe a dzikolo ndi manja awo, kuyamba kwa ntchito yomanga iyenera kupanga dongosolo. Sipafupifupi nthawi yoyamba, koma poyamba adatsimikiza ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zida, kupanga malo ozungulira ndikuwerengera molondola.Kusankhidwa kwamakwerero
Ngati makwerero amangidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndibwino kusankha makina osavuta kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo makwerero osakwatiwa kapena awiri ogona pa cosos. Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, ziwembu za mapulojekiti omalizidwa zimawonetsedwa pansipa. Mutha kutenga zina mwazosankha monga chitsanzo, kungotsegula magawo opanga mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chipindacho.
Kusankha Zinthu
Mndandanda wa zida zomanga masitepe mdziko muno akhoza kukhala osiyana. Ponena za maziko, pali njira ziwiri zokhazokha - nkhuni ndi zitsulo. Choyamba, magulu onyamula matabwa akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, chifukwa izi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri.
Masitepe amatha kupanga onse opangidwa ndi nkhuni (chimango ndi masitepe) komanso pang'ono pomwe chithandizocho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo masitepe amapangidwa ndi mitengo.
Zitsulo zili pamalo achiwiri pofuna. Chifukwa cha zida zotentha, mutha kupanga masitepe achitsulo cha mitundu ina ya mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, lingaliro. Zitsulo ndi zinthu zodalirika kwambiri zopanga chimango, moyo wake wautumiki umakhala wopambana kuposa mtengo.
Zosankha zochulukirapo za masitepe a Dacha ndi konkriti ndi galasi. Njira yoyamba ndiyoyenera pokhapokha ngati chipinda chachikulu cha malo (kanyumba kapena subpecties of menion), koma galasi ndi zinthu zovuta komanso zosalimba zopanga zotere.
Chifukwa cha kumaliza nyumba zomalizidwa ndikupanga masitepe a compact, nthawi zambiri kumayiko, nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zolimba, monga chipboard, OSB, FC, FC, ndi zina zotero.
Zolinga zolimbikitsidwa
Pa maziko a matabwa opangira matabwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma board ndi makulidwe a 20 mm ndi mipiringidzo yokhala ndi mtanda wa 100 × 100 mm. Kwa racks, mwachibale ndi mipanda, ndikosavuta kusankha zinthuzo. Mwachitsanzo, gawo la gawo la 50 × 50 mm imatha kukonzedwa mwa kufuna kwake - kungozungulira kapena kupanga chisokonezo.
Kuwerengera kwa magawo a masitepe
Kuwerengetsa kumachitika pamlandu uliwonse padera. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudzidwa:- Dera la chipinda chomwe masitepe adzaikidwira;
- madera, mawonekedwe amkati;
- Kukonzekera kuyika mipando ndi kuchuluka.
Mtunda wambiri - marsh
Mtunda pakati pa wolumala ndipo March amawerengedwa kutengera kukula kwa munthu yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake, kuphatikizapo malo ochepa. Zimatsatira izi kuyambira si gawo lililonse kupita ku denga liyenera kukhala mtunda wa 190-200 masentimita. Pamalo pomwe kutalika kumakhala kochepa, ndikofunikira kupereka ufulu.
Kodi kutseguka kungakhale kwakukulu bwanji, kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mbali yokhazikika ya masitepe ndi kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe.
Masitepe
Kuyenda momasuka kumatengera dongosolo loyenera. Miyeso ndi kuphatikiza kwawo ndikofunikira. Kutalika kwa magawo, masitepe ndi 16-19 cm. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwapamwamba, amatha kukula. Koma, chifukwa cha masitepe pa kanyumba, kutalika kwake kuli koyenera.
Nkhani pamutu: Kukhazikitsa masitepe pa Cossisters: Mapulogalamu ndi kuwerengera [zofunikira]
M'lifupi molingana ndi miyezo kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa mwendo wamunthu. Masitepe omanga ku Intaneti pa intaneti amakhazikitsidwa 20-30 cm mulifupinso. Miyeso yazomera imasiyananso ndi miyezo yovomerezeka. Sizikupatulidwa kuti apachikitse njira yoposa inzake 3 cm.
Ngati pali masitepe, miyeso yawo ndi iyi:
- Gawo lopapapa kwambiri la masentimita 10;
- Pakati - 20 cm;
- Mminare yokulirapo - kuyambira 35 mpaka 40 cm.
Njira zowerengera zambiri
Kuwerengera kumachitika molingana ndi formula 2a + b, komwe ndikuzama kwa siteji, b ndi kutalika kwa chiopsezo. Pamapeto a (kuthwa zakuthwa) kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 180 mm ndi b (m'lifupi mwake) kuyambira 280 mpaka 300 mm, mpaka 660 mm. Ngati kukula kwa siteji ndi osakwana 145 mm, ndiye kuti mtengo umawerengeredwa ndi njirayi: a + b.
Kutalika kwa Marsham
Kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa Marichi, koyamba pamapangidwe a kapangidwe kake. Popeza mawonekedwe a nyumba zadziko, ngodya ya chizolowezi chimakhala mkati mwa 30-45 digiri. Mtengo wocheperako wa zopilirazo ndizosatheka kupangika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyumba za dzikolo. Izi zitheka pokhapokha ngati dokotala wasinthidwa.
Molunjika kutalika kwa March amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a geometric, moyenera, Pythagora Theorem. Kutalika kwamphamvu - kumagwirizana ndi hypotenise. Kulongosoka kwa masitepe pansi ndi khoma ndi miyambo.
Kuthandizira kuwerengera, chiwembu chimakhazikika. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimasankhidwa ndi magawo ofanana, kuwerengetsa.
Madontho amafunika kudziwa bwino. Samagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chipindacho, monga momwe ndikofunikira kuti zigwirizane ndi makoma. Simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kutalika koyenera kwa chipindacho kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa Marichi ndi mtunda wonse kuchokera pakhoma mpaka khomalo.
M'lifupi mwake masitepe
M'lifupi mwake masitepe amathanso kukhala osiyana. Imasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 90-150 cm. Kuchepera kamphindi kakang'ono ka masitepe omwe akuyenda ndi 80 cm. Zoyikidwa izi ndi cholinga chopanga mapangidwe. Kunyumba, sizokayikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe nthawi yomweyo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito awiri. Mwanjira ina, ndizoyenera kuwerengera m'lifupi ndi kuwerengera kwa munthu aliyense.
Chiwerengero cha zinthu
Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa magawo, deta yotsatirayi idzafunika: Kutalika kwa Marichi ndi kukula kwake. Kugawa mfundo izi, landirani manambala omwe amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe. Nthawi zambiri sizikhala kwathunthu, ndiye kuti zazungulira. Chiwerengerocho chimayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuchikulu, munkhaniyi muyenera kusintha kutalika kwa chiopsezo. Kutalika kwa gawo kumasinthidwa kuchokera kwa omwe ali pamwambapa.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa masitepe kumakhala kopitilira zidutswa 18, makamaka kuti apange masamba apakati.
Pa kanema: momwe mungawerengere masitepe (masitepe ndi malo).
Mawonekedwe a mortage
Pambuyo kuwerengera konse, mutha kuyambitsa kukhazikitsa kapangidwe kake. Mwakutero, ndi zophweka, ngati pali luso locheperako. Ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi mtengo. Poyambirira zimasungira zida zofunika, kenako tsatirani dongosolo.Kukhazikitsa Koroury
Ngati masitepe akonzedwa kuti akhazikitse khoma, ndiye kuti kosur imodzi imalumikizidwa ndi iyo, kutsogolo kwake (kofanana) - mtunda pakati pawo kumafanana ndi mtunda wa masitepe. Pakachitika kuti kapangidwe kake ndi nthawi yotembenuka komwe kunapangidwa pasadakhale, Kosor yopondereza ija ikuthandizira pakuthandizira kwakanthawi. Ili pachithandizo lomwe lidzasonkhanitsidwa ndi mayendedwe ake.
Nkhani pamutu: mawonekedwe opanga a makwerero "Goose Gawo" ndi Gawo
Koma choyamba ndikofunikira kuti apange ma boors. Pamalo okonzedwa muyenera kupanga chizindikiro. Chifukwa cha ichi mufunika zida zomanga. Poika chizindikiro, chimodzi mwa ma cathets ayenera kufanana ndi kutalika kwa siteji, ndipo chachiwiri ndizama.
Kuphatikiza pa chizindikirocho, gawo losafunikira limakumbidwa kudzera pa electrolybiz. Chonde dziwani kuti mutawona, owombera amayenera kukonzedwa mosamala - payenera kukhala osagwirizana.
Mafuta omalizidwa amakhazikitsidwa pamalo awo, m'mphepete mwa kumtunda, kapangidwe kake kamayenera kumazungulira ndi gawo loyamba la pansi loyamba la pansi, ndipo pansi - pafupi ndi chophimba pansi. Corners azazitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zokutira - mabowo amakonzedwa pasadakhale ndikuyika ma balts. Kosur, yomwe imayikidwa pakhoma, imalumikizidwa ndi ma nanguli achitsulo.
Kuyika masitepe
Njira ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi ma kosomers omwe adakhazikitsidwa pasadakhale. Kuthamanga kukweza siteji sikungakhale misomali. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikutsutsana nazo:
- Simungathe kuwawerengera molunjika. Nthawi zambiri, padzakhala malo otsekemera, ndipo misomali idutsa mzere wa kulimba mtima ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Wood ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri pazotsatira zamakina. Ndipo pakadali pano nkhuni zimasokonekera, ndiye mawonekedwe a kusweka.
Ndi bwino kuchita mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira kapena zomata. Amatha kupereka mtundu wa kuyika kwapadera.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Njiwa ndi Racks (Bassin)
Kukhazikitsa mipanda pa masitepe mu mawonekedwe a zojambulajambula ndipo balulu zimatengera kwathunthu kusankha omwe akuwayendera. Satha kukhazikitsidwa konse, koma sizingatheke kutsimikizira chitetezo cha mayendedwe pamakwerero. Mapangidwe ake atha kukhala osiyana, nawonso monga momwe zinthu zilili.
Chifukwa njanji imagwirizana ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri. Zosankha zingapo zimaperekedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Kutalika koyenera kwa miyezoyo malinga ndi miyezo kumafanana ndi 90 cm. Makoswe ali abale wina ndi mnzake, 15 cm. Udindo wa mpandawo umaseweredwa. Chofunikira imaseweredwa. Masitepe, monga chinthu china chilichonse chopanga, chizikhala chokongoletsera cha nyumbayo.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zingwe pamakwerero ndizosavuta. Kukhazikitsa mpanda, nkhondo zamatabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabowo m'masitepe. Balasins amakhazikika pamafumbi (kumapeto, mabowo olingana amayenera kupangidwa).
Gawo lomaliza ndikukweza kwa ma handrail. Kuti muchite izi, kumtunda kwa baluster iyenera kudulidwa. Chiwopsezo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba ndikukonzanso mothandizidwa ndi kudzikwanira monga momwe chithunzi pansipa.
Mkhalidwe waukulu wa malo a dziko lapansi ndi chitetezo ndi chitonthozo. Mayankho onse ofunika a mafunso omwe makonzedwe ake afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya masitepe pachithunzichi, chofotokozedwa pansipa, mutha kusankha mtundu wina uliwonse ndikupanga kapangidwe kake molingana ndi kukonzekera kwanu.
Kukhazikitsa kwa matabwa opangira matabwa pa kosomra (kanema 1)
Mitundu Yoyenerera ya Staircase ya nyumba (Zithunzi 80)
