Zokongoletsera ndi manja anu: Makalasi 5 osangalatsa

Anonim

Piritala yokongoletsera - gawo lofunikira la mkati mwa malo okhala. Mpaka pano, chinthu chokongola komanso chokongoletsachi sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati chipinda chochezera, komanso m'ma zipinda za ana, canteens, kukhitchini, ngakhale pa khonde. M'masitolo mumatha kupeza mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ingapo ya mitundu ya pilo, chifukwa chake imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama pazomwe mungapange ndi manja anu.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mapilo okongoletsera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mulingo. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kukhala ngati wopanga mawu aliwonse owoneka bwino m'chipindacho. Munkhaniyi, timaganizira makalasi osavuta kwambiri, omwe mungapange mapilo okongoletsera mwachangu komanso motsika mtengo.

Mapilo okongoletsa mkati

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapilo okongoletsa?

Pali njira zambiri zokongoletsera malo okhala, imodzi mwa izi ndi zokongoletsera mapilo. Kukongoletsa kotereku kumawoneka koyenera kuchipinda chogona, malo okhala, ndi ana a ana kapena khitchini. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha kalembedwe, kukula ndi mawonekedwe amtsogolo. Ngati mukufuna kusintha malo odyera kapena malo ogona, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyimitsa chisankho pazakale zomwe zimalowerera ndale.

Mawonekedwe okongoletsa classic

Kunja kwa nyumba, mapilo okongoletsa ndi manja awo amatha kuyikidwa pa Veranda kapena kuletsa mipando yakale ya munda. Pangani kona yofewa m'mundamu siyovuta monga momwe ingawonekere. Zomwe mukufunikira ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri komanso kuleza mtima, komanso zongopeka zopanda malire.

Mapilo okongoletsa

Mothandizidwa ndi mapilo okongoletsa okongoletsera, ndizotheka kusintha mwachilengedwe mkati. Chipindacho chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zowala, zosalowerera ndale, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chigamba kapena mtundu wachilendo zimakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri.

Mapilo okongoletsa osachilendo amachita

Opanga ambiri amavomereza kuti ndi kukonzekera kudziyimira pawokha, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zazing'onozi. Tiyeni ife tizipereka chitsanzo chosavuta: mapilo omwe ali pa sofa kapena bedi mumitundu yam'madzi amatha kuthandiza kudziwa kapangidwe kake ka mkati. Njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi zinthu zambiri za mipando.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mtundu wa nsalu yosoka?

Kusankhidwa kwa zomwe akupanga mkati mwake kumadalira zinthu zomwe zilipo, poyamba ndi masitepe onse m'chipindacho. Kupatula apo, koma kulibe choyambirira, njira yokongoletsera yakongoletsedwe ndi mapilo a sofa ku Beigermade kapena m'mphepete mwa bulauni.

Mapilo okongoletsa mkati mwa chipinda chochezera

Muthanso kuyikanso mapilo angapo pa sofa ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena kupanga mawonekedwe a osalowerera ndale komanso osiyana.

Makalasi a sofa amachita

Chithunzi pansipa limapereka njira imodzi yokongoletsera malo osangalatsawo. Njira imeneyi imalola kukwaniritsa zachidule, mgwirizano ndi kukhulupirika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a stylistic.

Mapilo okongoletsa

Pali njira ina yochokera ku mfundo zachikhalidwe chimodzimodzi. Sizitengera makonzedwe apadera a zinthu ndi mkati mwathumodzi. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, ndikofunikira kusoka pilo yokongoletsera kuchokera pazomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipata. Mithunzi igwirizana ndi wina ndi mnzake, koma njira zitha kukhala zosiyana.

Mapilo okongoletsa mu mtundu wa mipando

Kusankha kapangidwe ka pilo

Konzani mkati mwake popanda mtengo wachuma udzathandizidwa ndi mapilo okongoletsedwa ndi manja awo. Kusintha mapilo, mutha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana ndikusintha mosavuta za mkati mwake.

Nkhani pamutu: gulu la khoma la nsalu - zopanga zopanga ndi manja anu

Pilo wokongola wokongola wokhala ndi manja awo

Musanafike ndikupha kalasi yamitengo chifukwa chopanga chimodzi kapena zingapo, ndikofunikira kudziwa mutu ndi kalembedwe kazinthu zamtsogolo. Chochititsa chidwi ichi chimalola kutsindika masitayilo otsatirawa: reporo, zachikondi, Shebbi Chicima, kapangidwe ka ana, mapilo okongoletsa pa sofa yoyambirira.

Posachedwa, mapilo okongoletsa m'mithunzi ya pastel agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amathandizanso zipinda zazing'ono zokhala ndi zipinda zogona m'malo achikondi.

Piritsi yokongoletsera a pastel mithunzi

Komabe, izi sizotheka konse kwa malembawo, zimakwanira pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse apakati, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwoneka chosawoneka bwino kapena chosayenera. Mukasankha kale kusankha chipindacho, muyenera kuyambitsa kusankha kwa zinthu. Tsopano muyenera kudziwa kukula kwa malonda ndikuyamba kuyika chiwembu choyambirira.

Mukamasankha kapangidwe kake, zojambulazo siziyenera kuletsa malingaliro ake. Osadzidalira mu chiwerengero cha mithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, chifukwa chikhalire chilichonse payekhapayekha ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe anu. Mutha kupanga chilichonse chomwe chimangofuna.

Lero kumsika mutha kupeza mitundu yokongoletsera zokongoletsera - sizovuta kubwereza. Sangalalani mwapadera kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a zokongoletsera.

Mapilo okongoletsa a kunyumba

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu

Mutha kukhala masiku ochepa kuti mufufuze za pilo lanu labwino la nyumbayo, koma osapeza zabwino. Koma mitundu ya sofa yopangidwa ndi manja awo imakusangalatsani ndi alendo anu. Kaya ndi pilono lonophrow kapena kuphatikiza kwa nsalu zosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi, imayenera kulowa mkati ndikugogomeza munthu ndi chithunzi chimodzi mwakunyumba kwanu.

Singano nthawi zonse nthawi zonse imayesedwa, komabe, mothandizidwa ndi magulu amtundu uliwonse ndi makhonsolo a akatswiri, mutha kupewa zolakwika.

Mapilo okongoletsa amachita nokha

Pali njira zingapo zopangira pilo wokongola wokongola wokhala ndi manja anu:

  • Mapulogalamu ojambulidwa mapilo akale (kupaka utoto wa nsalu ndi njira zapadera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osakhala muyeso).
  • Kuyika mapilo ku zidutswa zosiyanasiyana za nsalu ndi ndondomeko zokongoletsera.
  • Mapilo oluka ndi thandizo la olankhula kapena mbedza (safuna luso ndi luso, ndakatulo ndiyabwino kwa ambuye oyamba).
  • Kukongoletsa zopangidwa ndi mitundu yoyambira (mabatani, kulumira, nthiti, kuwonjezera zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika).

Mapilo owoneka bwino owoneka bwino

Kenako, tikambirana chilichonse mwanjira izi mwatsatanetsatane ndikupereka kalasi yosavuta, yomwe ndi mwana. Kuti mupange zokongoletsera m'chipinda cha ana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowala kwambiri komanso mitundu yachilendo. Timalimbikitsa kusankha zinthu pamodzi ndi mwana ndikumupatsa ntchitoyo pa pilo.

Pilo yokhala ndi utoto

Mutha kusintha zikwangwani zosakanikirana mwachangu komanso madzi ozizira kapena ayezi. Kupentala kwa mapiko akale kwakhala otchuka, koma koyambirira kwapadera mankhwalawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pacholinga ichi. Tsopano pali njira yatsopano yopangira utoto, yambiri imayika kumapeto kwa chiyambi. Komabe, pamapeto pake, zokongoletsa komanso zachilendo ndizotsimikizika - chitsanzo chomwe mungawone pa chithunzi pansipa.

Zolemba pamutu: Momwe Mukumangirira Crochet: Njira zodziwika bwino (+50 050)

Piritsi lokongoletsa ndi utoto

Kuti mubwererenso china chake, mudzafunika:

  • Nsalu yoyera (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito thonje kapena pilon pilon pilon);
  • Chitsulo chachitsulo kuchokera ku uvuni;
  • Kuthekera koyenera (kotero kuti chipindacho chimayikidwamo);
  • Maukonde angapo oundana kutengera kukula kwa canvas;
  • magolovesi a laterx.

Choyamba, muyenera kunyowetsa nsalu bwino ndikuyika pa gululi, lokhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa kumira. Ikani nsalu pachimake ndi mbali yakutsogolo - iyi ndikofunikira kufinya pang'ono kuti chithunzicho ndichosalongosoka kwambiri chifukwa cha kudzikuza kwa utoto. Kenako, madzi oundana amayikidwa pamwamba pa minofu ndi ufa umakhala wowazidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi kuwonjezera utoto.

Pa izi, ntchito zonse zatha, zimakhalabe kungodikirira mpaka madzi ayezi ndikutumiza chipewa chilichonse. Izi zisanalimbikitsidwe kupambana kangapo m'madzi ozizira.

Mapilo okhala ndi utoto wokongoletsa umachita nokha

Pavidiyo: Njira 4 za zokongoletsera mapilo omwe amafa.

Mtundu wosweka

Kukongoletsa kokongoletsa ndi kuluka koluka kapena crochet ndi chinthu chosavuta kwambiri chomwe chingalumikizidwe. Kwa ambuye oyamba, singano zapakatikati zimakhala zoyenerera. Mtundu wa ulusi ulibe kufunikira kofunikira kwambiri, chinthu chokhacho chomwe chiyenera kutsata posankha ndi kukula kwa ulusi. Ngati mukufuna kuphatikiza mithunzi ingapo, idzakhala yanzeru kusankha zinthu zomwezo.

Mapepala oluka nthawi zonse amawoneka okongola komanso okongola. Amatha kukongoletsa mkati mwa chipinda chochezera, chipinda chogona kapena chipinda chodyera.

Mapilo okongoletsedwa ndi manja awo

Musakhumudwe ngati nthawi yoyamba simudzayang'anitsitsa chiwembu choluka. Gawo lofooka limatha kusankhidwa, kusoka maluwa ambiri. Mutha kuwagula m'sitolo kapena mudzipange nokha. Poyamba, yesani njira zosavuta kwambiri - nthawi zambiri izi ndi zopangidwa kuchokera ku malupu a mpweya ndi mizati ingapo kapena ikid. Pansipa pali chiwembu chokongoletsera chokongoletsera ndi zotsatira zopangidwa mwakonzedwe.

Cholumikizidwa chokongoletsera ndi manja awo

Pa kanema: Mapilo okongoletsedwa m'mabwalo akuluakulu.

Zolemba

Ntchito yamaphunziro imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi yosiyana wina ndi mnzake. Kalembedwe kameneka ndi kopambana pakupanga zinthu zokongola kunyumba, monga kupukuta zokongoletsa tebulo, pilofalo kapena bulangeti la mwana.

Zokongoletsa Zokongoletsera

Kenako, tiona momwe tingasoke pilo lokongoletsa:

1. Sankhani nsalu yoyenera (ndikofunikira kuti zidutswa zanyama zimaphatikizidwa wina ndi mnzake). Tengani nsalu ndikudula zisanu ndi zinayi ndi mitima isanu.

2. Mwa mabwalo asanu omwe adapezeka, dulani bowo laling'ono mumtima. Zinthu zinayi zodulidwa modekha m'njira yoti makongwa anayi anayi amapezeka. Konzani chiwembu cha zinthu zamtsogolo, monga zikuwonekera pa chithunzi pansipa.

3. Lombani zinthu zinayizo pakati pawo, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu lalikulu. Bwerezani ndi nsalu zina. Pambuyo pake, mutu wa mitima m'mabwalo ndikupangitsa kuti zigawo zonse zitheke, kuziyika atatu mpaka atatu.

4. Dulani mikwingwirima inayi yoonda komanso mabwalo ambiri. Lumikizani zonse za wina ndi mnzake. Pomaliza, tengani chidutswa cholimba (kukula kwake kuyenera kufanana ndi kutsogolo kwa pilo) ndi tsinde. Malizitsani mbali zakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo ndikudzaza kusiyana kwa cholakwa kapena Hollofiber.

Nkhani pamutu: Momwe Mungapangire Gulu la chipinda cha ana: malingaliro osangalatsa (+64)

Pilo yokongoletsera ndi manja anu

Pilo flufty

Zolemba za flufft zimaperekedwa m'masitolo osiyanasiyana, koma mtengo wake umasiyitsa zambiri. Pilo loyambirira lotere lidzayang'ana moyenerera. Ngati zikapangidwa ndi chikopa, chidzakhala chinthu chokonda kwambiri mu nazale. Pangani pilo lophweka kwambiri, mudzangotha ​​kupirira pang'ono, kuthekera kosoka ndikugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe.

Chotsirizacho chidzalimbikitsa ndi kutonthoza kunyumba kwanu ndipo lidzakondwerera alendo motentha pafupi ndi moto.

Momwe mungapangire pilo loyatsira flufft ndi manja anu

Zipangizo ndi zida ndizophatikiza:

  • Chikopa chopanga maziko ndi chingwe;
  • filler (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito synthepang);
  • lumo ndi zingwe;
  • ngodya zosiyanasiyana (zimafunikiranso zikhomo);
  • makina osoka.

Njira Zogwirira:

1. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudula kuchokera ku nsalu ziwiri ziwiri mpaka 40 kutalika kwa mita imodzi ya chinthucho.

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

2. Kupanga chingwe, tikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito chikopa chosiyanasiyana kuti tipeze kusintha kokongola. Timapanga mizere khumi ya 37 kwa masentimita 10, pambuyo pake timapinda theka ndikupanga mphonje.

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

3. Gawo loyamba la chipongwe mpaka pansi, kuyambiranso gawo limodzi kuchokera m'mphepete (musaiwale kukhazikika panjira imodzi).

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

4. Mzere wachiwiri umavula pamtunda wa masentimita 1.5 kuyambira woyamba. Chitani opareshoni iyi mozungulira gawo lonselo.

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

5. Pambuyo pa billet ndi chingwe chimapangidwa, ikani lalikulu lachiwiri pamwamba pake ndikupukutira zikhomo. Kuthira magawo, kusiya dzenje laling'ono lazosefera.

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

6. Chotsani nsaluyi ndikuyika mkati mwa ma syntheps. Chonde dziwani kuti zinthu zachilengedwe ngati filler (ubweya ndi fluff) ndibwino osagwiritsa ntchito.

Pilo flufy kuchokera ku chikopa ndi manja awo

Pilo-duwa

Pilo yokongoletsa ikhoza kukhala mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Pankhaniyi, timapanga chogulitsa ngati duwa. Kuti muchite izi, mudzafunikira zonunkhira khumi za nsalu (zisanu monophhonic ndi zisanu ndi mawonekedwe).

Pitilizani:

1. Lumikizani zinthu zonse ndi wina ndi mnzake ndikudula zing'onozing'ono koma zomveka. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kusoka awiriawiri, kulumikiza gawo la Photon imodzi ndi mawonekedwe. Ndikofunikira kusiya dzenje laling'ono la filler.

2. Pambuyo pamayala atakonzeka, kufalitsa pansi pa zipilala ndikusesa nsalu (kutsitsa kuchokera m'mphepete mwa sentimita imodzi).

3. Sews zonse zisanu kumunsi. Pakati pa aliyense, ikani zosefera ndikusoka m'mphepete.

4. Ikani mzere uliwonse womaliza kulowa mu duwa ndikulowetsa ku miyala. Apa tili ndi pilo mu mawonekedwe a maluwa. Ndi Iwo, mutha kukongoletsa chipinda cha ana kuti azikhala ndi gulu lazakale.

Piritsi lokongoletsa mu mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi manja awo

Pangani mapilo omasuka, owoneka bwino ndi manja anu ndi osavuta. Tsopano pa intaneti, malingaliro ambiri a singano amaperekedwa, mutha kusankha mosavuta kuti musankhe moyenera. Komabe, musaiwale za mutuwo komanso mtundu wa zampingo ndikuyandikana bwino ndi kusankha zinthu. Kuti chisangalalo ndi banja lizikhala nthawi zonse zimakhala kunyumba kwanu, musanyalanyaze kukongoletsa koyambirira. Siyani ndemanga kuti alendo ena atha kugwiritsa ntchito upangiri wanu.

Chabwino, zosankha zoyambirira (makanema atatu)

Malingaliro odzoza (zithunzi 58)

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

Momwe mungapangire pilo lokongoletsa ndi manja anu: malingaliro osangalatsa [makalasi opanga]

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