Kufunika kwa mutuwu
Pakadali pano, padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza m'dziko lathu, nkhani yofananira ndi kukhazikitsa mphamvu zatsopano ndizowopsa. Aliyense amadziwa kuti ofunika kwambiri ndi mafuta, mpweya wa chilengedwe, malasha, magetsi. Zosungira mafuta ndi gasi sizikhala zopanda malire, chifukwa zonsezi ndikofunikira kuyang'ana njira zina zamagetsi. Chimodzi mwa izo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo otchedwa dzuwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, amadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, uku ndi mikangano ndi zokambirana pakati pa akatswiri. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha m'tsogolo, ena ali ndi chidaliro pazosagwirizana.
Gawo lazigawo la Swerner.
Tsopano kampeni yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imagwirizanitsa misampha ingapo mamiliyoni pakukula kwa mafakitalewa, kuphatikizapo pomanga mbewu za dzuwa. Kumbali ina, mapaselo a dzuwa safuna ndalama akamagwira ntchito, koma mtengo wa zida izi ndi zazitali. Gawo la akatswiri amakangana kuti phindu kuchokera ku polojekitiyi silitha kuphimba mtengo womwe umagwirizana ndi zomanga. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, zida izi zimatha kugwira ntchito ndi zaka zana ndi zana, chifukwa chake, pogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, phindu lidzakhala lodziwikiratu. Tiyenera kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane, kuchuluka kwa maselo a solar, zinthu zomwe zimawadziwa. Koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa bwino mfundo yawo, zabwino zazikulu.
Mfundo yoyang'anira mabatire a dzuwa
Chiwembu cha zinthu za batri ya dzuwa.
Aliyense amadziwa kuti magetsi ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu. Koma zitha kupezeka komanso zosavuta. Dzuwa ndi gwero lachilengedwe lomwe limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'dziko lamakono. Kwa mapanelo a dzuwa, chinthu chachikulu cha ntchito ndi kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikusintha kukhala magetsi, ndipo pambuyo pake. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwakuda kwambiri kwa zida izi kumapezeka mu kachitidwe kotentha kwa nyumba zachinsinsi.
Mabatire oterowo ndi a cookvoltaic opanga mphamvu zamagetsi. Mapulogalamu a dzuwa ali ndi gawo la Semiconductor pomwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudzidwa. Zotsatira zake, magetsi osinthika nthawi zonse amapangidwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potentha.
M'matumba a maselo a dzuwa, voliyumu imapangidwa, yomwe ndi yovomerezeka. Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo batri yomwe imatha kusonkhanitsa mphamvu. Mosakayikira, kuti zitheke, nyengo yamvula idzafunika. Pambuyo pakudzikuza mphamvu, batiri limatha kupangitsa kuti ogula azisangalala kwakanthawi m'matambo.
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Kuchita bwino kwa zida zodzola
Ndikofunika kudziwa ntchito ya mabatire a dzuwa. Kudalira za sayansi, kumatha kunena kuti mphamvu ili pafupifupi 1367 w pa 1 m. Kudera la equator, kumachedwetsedwa ndi mlengalenga, kotero mphamvu zomwe zimafikira dzikolo ndi lofanana ndi 1020 w.
Ku Russia, ndizotheka kupeza 160 w / m ne poona kuti mwaluso wa maselo a dzuwa ndi 16%.
Chiwembu cha batiri la dzuwa.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukhazikitsa mabatire dzuwa pamtunda wa 1 km, ndiye magetsi opezeka pachaka apezeka ndi pafupifupi 187 GW / HW (1173 *).
Nthawi yomweyo, njira yokhazikitsa iwo ndi zomwe zidachitikazo ndizofunikira kwambiri, pankhaniyi mtengo wake woyenera ndi 40 °. Mtengo wa magetsi 1 magetsi ali ofanana ndi ma ruble 3 ma ruble, mtengo wa kuyika kwamagetsi kudzakhala ma ruble 561 miliyoni. Kuchita bwino kwa zida izi sikugwirizana komanso kumadalira zinthu zingapo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi kukula ndikutha kwa kudzipereka, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo, nthawi ya usana ndi usiku, ndiye kuti, kutalika kwaderali. Mtundu wa maselo a solar ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kuchita bwino kwa nyumba yotentha
Chofunika kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera nyumba. Magetsi ndi gwero labwino la kutentha. Nyumba zambiri zimakhala ndi njira yophikitsira. Ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti kuwotcha nyumba yaboma mothandizidwa ndi gwero lotere ndikofunikira kulinganiza madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Kwa madera aku Northern pomwe mausiku ena ndi njira ina. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa ndi mitundu ina yotentha, mwachitsanzo, mpweya kapena kutentha kwa mafuta (ng'anjo).Chinthuchi ndichakuti kugwira ntchito kwa mabatire otere mu mitambo nyengo ndi kotsika, komwe kungayambitse kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kutentha ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, kusinthidwa kukhala zamagetsi, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana ndi ena. Amawagwiritsa ntchito kokha kupulumutsa ndalama ngati nkotheka. Chifukwa chake, titha kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a dzuwa sikungaperekenso microcloumal microcloumal mikhalidwe yolimba m'chipindacho, akutenthetsa nyumbayo, chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu zamtunduwu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina yotentha.
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Kuchita Zinthu Zachuma
Sewero la Solar.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito gwero ili - phindu lazachuma. Zimatengera mphamvu ya batri ndi lalikulu la cookvoltac zinthu zomwe zimazindikira kuwala. Ngati mutenga mzinda wotere mwachitsanzo monga Moscow, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza zotsatirazi. Ngati chipangizochi ndi 800 w, zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi anyumba, koma sangathe kuwonetsetsa magetsi osasinthika masana a miliri.
Ndi mphamvu ya chipangizocho maulendo 10 Chapakatikati ndizotheka kumaliza zipinda zonse.
Chipangizocho chothana ndi malire 13.5 pafupifupi magetsi kwathunthu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nyumba yamagetsi ithe, yomwe ingasinthe kwa Novembala, Disembala ndi Januwale. Pankhaniyi, mutha kusiya zida zoyambira kuti ndigwire ntchito ya zigawo za dzuwa, ndipo kutentha kumalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo lapakati. Chifukwa chake mutha kusunga moyenera. Kupanga kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu 31.5 kw. Adzakupatsani mwayi kusiya mitundu ikuluikulu ya mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa yokha kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma pali zida zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.
Zoyipa za mphamvu ya dzuwa
Makina a Panel Panel.
Ngakhale kuti magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zadzuwa safuna ndalama zilizonse pakugwiritsa ntchito, pali zovuta zambiri m'magazini ino. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa magetsi chifukwa chotsatira magetsi kumadalira kwambiri zinthu zotsatirazi: nyengo, m'malo otentha, mabatire.
Kachiwiri, magwero oterewa ndi ochulukirapo kuposa njira zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, potentha, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Chachitatu, kuyika kwa zida zotere kuli koyenera ndalama zambiri. Makamaka, zimakhudza nkhawa zambiri zamagetsi. Mtengo wa mabatirewo ndi dongosolo la kukula kwambiri kuposa mabatire.
Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchepetsa njira zopangira kutentha komwe kumapezeka kuchokera ku dzuwa ndikukhalabe mpaka kungatheke. Madzulo, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukukulirakulira, ndipo mabatire amagwira ntchito makamaka masana. Asayansi amawerengedwa kuti mtengo wa 1 w pa batire ndi 0,5 $. Kwa tsiku (maola 8 a ntchito), imatha kupanga 8 w / h, yomwe idzafunika mawa. Magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri tsopano amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a polycrystalline. Chowonadi chakuti mtengo wa mphamvu za dzuwa suyenera kupitirira mtengo wamafuta ena, mwachitsanzo, gasi. Ngati titenga chitsanzo cha mmodzi wa atsogoleri adziko lapansi pankhaniyi - Germany - mtengo wamafuta mkati mwake ndi wofanana ndi $ 450, ndiye kuti mtengo wa dzuwa suyenera kukhala wopambana kuposa 0.1 $. Kupanda kutero, kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kudzakhala koyenera.
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Ubwino wa Gwero la Mphamvu
Magetsi, omwe adapezeka, ndi njira inayo yomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito lero. Mphamvu zamtunduwu ndizabwino pamadera ndi zinthu zomwe palibe magwero ena, mwachitsanzo, pamagalimoto akutali.Zida zoterezi zimatha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, komwe kuli chinthu cha dzuwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malo akuluakulu ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zitha kutumikila masauzande ambiri.
Pomaliza, Maganizo, Malangizo
Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, ndizotheka kunena kuti m'masiku amakono omwe amasaka mphamvu zina. Malangizo olonjeza ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, yomwe imakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a dzuwa. Kukhazikitsa kwa dzuwa komwe kumakhala magawo otsatirawa: Chosinthira wamba, DC Converter yosinthira, mphamvu yotsika, batiri ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayang'anira ndi kutulutsa.
Mphamvu ya zida zotere zimatengera zinthu zingapo. Chofunika kwambiri kwa iwo ndi ntchito ya mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya batri. Zipangizo zoyenera kwambiri zokhala ndi 13.5 kw, zomwe zimatha kupereka kuchuluka kosasokoneza zida zonse. Madera akumpoto kwa dziko lathu, kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire sikuli bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero lowonjezera la magetsi kuti musunge ndalama. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza ndi kutentha kwapakati (pa mpweya wachilengedwe kapena mafuta olimba). Mukamamanganso zolembera, ndikofunikira kuganizira ndalama zambiri. Kubweza kumatha kukhala zaka makumi angapo.