Lingaliro la kusintha kwa banga likuyambira pophunzira malangizo a momwe mungapangire khonde ndi manja awo ndikutsatira zomwe zikufunika. Njirayi imayamba ndikupeza chilolezo chokonzanso ndikuwongolera ntchitoyi.
Pa nthawi imeneyi, m'pofunika kugwirizana katswiri amene amayamikira zikuchitika kwa nyumbayi ndi adzapereka malangizo pa mbali ya khonde paokha mu malo osankhidwa.
Zikhalidwe zomanga
Chikalata choyambirira ndi Snap 31-01-2003 (nyumba zokhala zovuta). Zosonkhanitsira lili GOSTs malamulo zofunika kuti zinthu kamangidwe, zipangizo zomwe makonde ndi anamangidwira.Zofunikira za Brandrict Brab Slab zimaperekedwa:
| Kutentha kwanja | Kukaniza chisanu | W zamadzi |
|---|---|---|
| Pansipa -40 ° с | 300. | 6. |
| kuchokera -40 ° C mpaka -20 ° с | 200. | zinai |
| kuchokera -20 ° C mpaka -5 ° C | 150. | 2. |
| Pamwamba -5 ° с | 100 | 2. |
Kukula kwa ma cellan a khonde kumatha kusankhidwa payokha, koma amakakamizidwa kuti azitsatira mwanzeru zadongosolo la positi 25697-83:
- The opendekera sayenera amasiyana oposa 10 mm ndi khonde kutalika 2.5 m, kuti 4m - 13 mm, pa 4 mamita - 16 mm.
- Iliyonse mwa mfundo zinayi siziyenera kutuluka mu ndege zopangidwa ndi mfundo zitatu zoposa 0,1 cm (kutalika kwa mbaleyo ndi 4 m), 0.12 masentimita (oposa 4 m).
Kukhazikika kwa khonde kumawerengeredwa pa kuzindikira kwa katundu wa makilogalamu 0,3 kg / m (30 kgf), kumachitika kuchokera ku zida zosasintha. Kamangidwe ya mtundu mwapadera chophimba ndi kutalika kwa 1 m, ngati nyumbayi sapambana 30 m, ndi 1.1 mamita - ngati oposa 30 m.
Magawo omanga
Kuchulukitsa kwa khonde kudzakhala kosiyana ndi zizindikiro ziwiri:
- Pottal. Itha kuchitidwa kuchokera ku zinthuzo ku kukoma kwake, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi magawo a dothi. Chingwe cha pansi pa 1 chingakhazikike pa tepi, mkati mwake ndikofunika kukonza cellar. Zopangira zonse zokwana 1 ndi 2 zokha zimatha kudalira zigawo. Muzochitika izi, katundu yemwe amatha kugawidwa pansi makondewo amawonjezeka kwambiri. Mu cholengedwa chotsekedwa, chimakhala chotuluka, pafupifupi chipinda chosiyana.
- Kuyimitsidwa. Ikani zida zopepuka, chifukwa kusinthika koteroko kumabweretsa zowonjezera pamagawo omwe adamangidwapo mnyumbamo. Ndi matabwa olumikizidwa ndi mbali imodzi ndi makoma. Konzambiri kukhazikitsa malo ogulitsira. Lemberani makonde awiri ndi apamwamba.
Nkhani pamutu: Homessisser House kwa amphaka ndi agalu
Kukhazikitsa pa Thandizo
Kutengera kutalika kwa nyumbayo, khonde pansi mpaka 1 ndibwino pamalo odziyimira pawokha. Pachifukwa ichi, maziko ophatikizidwa ndi konkriti yokhazikika, zinthu zapamwamba zazikulu za Ceramite kapena njerwa zofiira. Kukweza kwamtundu uliwonse kumatha kutsanulira mu tepi yolimbikitsidwa.Zochepera kuposa nthawi ndi zida zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malo oyambira. Gawani 2 - 4 mizati kapena kukhazikitsa milu ku mipope zitsulo ndi strapping wotsatira pamwamba kwathunthu anatsanzikana.
Mulimonsemo (padzakhala m'chipinda chapansi kapena ayi), apamwamba kumatira imagwiridwa ndi zokolola ndi pa kadzutsa wa osachepera 0.1 m.
Malo Othandizira
Kupanga khonde
Earthworks mu chimake uyu ali kwina, koma m'pofunika cholinga ziyenera a khoma zimakhudza pansi nangula phiri. Ngati kutambasuka zikuluzikulu yokutidwa zakonzedwa ndi lalikulu mbali khoma m'dera ndi madenga, izo m'pofunika kuti aone mphepo ndi matalala katundu.
Gawo loyamba lidzakhala kukhazikitsa mawindo munyumba ndikuphwanya khomo. Ngati khonde limakonzedwa kuti lipange mtundu wotseguka ndi njanji, ndiye kuti mulingo wake uyenera kukhala pansi pa nyumbayo ndi 0.1 m kuti mupewe madzi osokoneza bongo ngati mpweya wabwino. Pa cholinga chomwecho, ndege yowala pachitofu zimapangidwa ndi tsankho laling'ono kwa odulidwa akunja.
Gawo lonyamula limalembedwa kuchokera ku Channel 10 ndi 12, ikani m'mphepete. Chinthu pakati pa iwo alibe upambana 2 m. The matabwa ndi osungitsidwa ndi masentimita 20 mu khoma kudula pakhoma. Poniau amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwotchetsera pa njira yothandizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi khoma. The kwambiri matabwa ndi kumatheka chifukwa akalowa umodzi, atathana ndi mataye yamazinga ku khoma.
Onani kanemayo. Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza khonde ku nyumba:
Chipangizo
Pansi pansi pa khonde
Mapangidwe pansi amasankhidwa ndi lingaliro la Master:
- Konkriti. Pakati pa mitsinje onyamula, chimango ikuthandizira aikidwa nawatsanulira simenti kusakaniza. Ndodo ya ndodo imamangidwa ndi khungu la 10 cm. Ndikofunikira kuti musaiwale kumasula malekezero a zolimbikitsira pansi pazomwe zimakulitsani mpanda ndikukhazikitsa zinsinsi. Konkriti imawuma ndikupeza linga la masiku 28. Pamapeto amapanga chomaliza.
- Matabwa. Matabwa amasoka pachitsulo, pomwe chimakhala pansi (chosanjikiza, chosanjikiza, chisumbu, kuperewera, pansi pansi.
- Ofunda. Gawo lamunsi lasakidwa ndi ma sheet okhala. Pamwamba pa ISSSS Technology kugona.
Kutalika, kuthandizira otsetsereka kwakanthawi kopuma pakhoma. Pambuyo pa chisanu chomaliza, amachotsedwa bwino.
Zinthu zopinga
Mpanda ukhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo kapena nkhuni. Zinthuzi zidzadziwitsa njira ya ntchito - kulumikizana kwameza kapena kuwombera ngongole yanyumbayo. Amayika gulu la sangweji ngati makhoma, mapiri a zitsulo okhala ndi zipolopolo, misonkhano yamisonkhano. Chitsanzo cha nkhanza ndi manja anu ndi cladding lamkati la clapboard osakaniza ndi kukongoletsa kunja kwa zambali.Komabe, ngakhale pokhazikitsa mapanelo okongola agalasi okongola, kukhazikitsa mpanda pakhosi kumafunikira.
Denga
Bala
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungapangire miseche yakunyumba kuchokera ku Plywood?
Denga lanyamula katundu wolemera, kotero mafelemu onyamula amapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Amakonzedwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa (chiwonongeko) cha zinthu zodetsa. Ndikofunika kuyika nembanemba ya nthunzi.
madenga matabwa More panja kukafika kutsogolo kwa mpanda. kumbali 0.2 - 0,3 m, patsogolo pa 0.1 - 0.2 mamita The otsetsereka ku khoma gawo za 30 °.
Mu ubwino wa ❖ kuyanika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo leafy zimene kulenga phokoso pamene akuponya madontho, ndi kukana kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kusiyana. Chitsanzo ndi Ondulin.
Timalimbikitsa kuonera makanema, momwe mungapangire khonde mumnyumba:
Kukutira
Msonkhano wa chimango ufunika kudzipereka. Denga limafunikira kuti matenthedwe apangidwe aliwonse. Maudindo onse, mabowo, nthabwala pafupi ndi polurethane sealant selant selant sellant selant, mastic mastic. kutchinjiriza The amasankhidwa, monga ulamuliro, kuchokera ku zipangizo leafy nakunkhunizira:
- Strerofoam;
- chithovu cha polystyrene;
- ubweya wa mchere.
Malo opemphedwa adzapulumutsa kutentha m'nyumba ndikuwonjezera moyo wamunda wam'mende pawokha.