Makina a Analog munyumba yanyumba.
Chofungatira ndi manja anu
Nkhaniyi imalongosola kapangidwe koyambirira ka nyumbayo, pomwe kuwotcha kwa mazira kumachitika mosalekeza, popanda zotupa ndikutseka chinthu chotenthetsera cha thermostat.
Malinga ndi miyezo ya Western, zakudya zonse zopangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Zabwino kwambiri (zili ndi zosakaniza zachilengedwe) - za mitengo imapezeka kuti ilimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Mitundu yaulemu komanso pakatikati (ikhoza kukhala ndi zolowetsa ndi zowonjezera, osavulaza thanzi la anthu) - akufuna kuti "i. Kugawidwa kudzera pa intaneti yogulitsa, komanso p. US yokhala ndi ndalama zambiri.
Kukhala mkhalidwe wabwino (ndi wophatikizika ndi zolowetsa ndi zowonjezera, zovulaza ku thanzi la anthu) - amapangidwira kumayiko ena omwe ali ndi mwayi wotsika). Zolemba zomaliza zomaliza zikusonyeza kuti mbali inanso yofunika kwambiri ya chiwerengero cha dziko lathu limatanthawuza gulu la osauka. Masiku ano, m'kudya m'mabanja ambiri achi Russia, pali zotsika mtengo za ku Abali, monga "miyendo ya chihema", yomwe imavulaza thanzi lathu. Mutha kuthamangira zochulukirapo za izi, koma mutha kupanga "mini-kuswana kwanu chifukwa chopanga mapuloteni athunthu. Tikulankhula za chinthu chofungatsira nyumba, mtengo wa kapangidwe kake sungakhale wolemetsa kwa bajeti ya banja: maonera 12 mpaka 15 otsika (atha kukhala azomwe azomera (akhoza kukhala mawonera otsika (atha kukhala ojambula), ndi nyumba, firiji, firiji yolephera yapakhomo. "Wopatsa" wotereyu ndi wothandiza osati kokha kumidzi, komanso gawo lalikulu la nzika zathu, madera, komanso eni minda yaying'ono.
Mawonekedwe akuluakulu a chofungatira aliyense, monga mukudziwa, ndiye thermostat. M'mabuku otchuka a sayansi komanso zaukadaulo mutha kupeza njira zambiri zomwe zimakulolani kuti mupange chida chotere. Kusankha pano kuli kwakukulu komanso kothekera kwachilengedwe, komanso pa database. Ngakhale panali kusiyana kwakukulu, pali zochitika zingapo zomwe zimawaphatikiza: onse amagwira ntchito yotchedwa "Mesite" Njira (yotenthetsera). Izi sizingazindikiridwe bwino, chifukwa Zimasemphana ndi "zachilengedwe". M'malo mwake, sizimatuluka mphindi 3-5 mphindi iliyonse kuchokera pachisa. Kuphika mazira kumachitika mosalekeza ndi kutentha kosakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, pomanga chofungatira chake, ntchitoyi idakhazikitsidwa kuti izindikire mtunduwu mu ntchito ya thermostat (kapena "analog). Kulondola kosunga kutentha kwamoto kuyenera kukhala ± 0,3 ° C. Chuma champhamvu (chalristor) chimayendetsedwa ndi njira ya phazi. Chiwembu cha Thermostat chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.
Mphepo yamkuyu.1 ya Thermostat.
Idakhala chida chosavuta komanso chodziwika bwino. Imagwiranso ntchito. Pakadali pano pakuphatikizika, kukonzanso kwapa kumagwira ntchito mokwanira. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka mu chofungatira, mphamvu ya zinthu zotenthetsera zimatsika bwino. Panjira yogwira ntchito, kutentha kwafika 38,2 ° C, mtundu wa thermodynamic wofanana ufa wofanana ndi kutentha kwa chipinda cha makulidwe a makulitsi. Kuyeza kwawonetsa kuti pogwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsira ntchito, chofungatira chimatha kuchokera pa intaneti pafupifupi 10-12 w (chiwerengero cha mazira otenthedwa chimatha kufikira 300 zidutswa). Popeza nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 21-31 (kutengera mtundu wa mbalame), zochitika zomaliza ndi zomwe zingachitike pakuwunika mtengo wopangira.
Cholinga cha zinthu za mdera la TreyRustor Regilator.
Omasulira vt1, vt2 amapanga fanizo la transistar imodzi. Dongosolo la VD9 lomwe limaphatikizidwa kumbali inayo limagwira ntchito ya sensor yamatenthedwe, yomwe imayikidwa mkati mwa chipinda cha makulitsidwe. Kutentha kumakhala kochepa kuposa kugwira ntchito, pempho la mafuta ndi lalikulu, travistor ya VT3 imatsekedwa ndipo silimasokoneza ntchito ya trastistor ya magetsi, otenthetsera ili pa mphamvu zonse. Kutentha mu chipinda cha makulito kukuwukitsidwa, mafuta otenthetsera a VD9 amachepetsa, tratsistor ya VT3 imapita ku malo ochititsa chidwi ndi CACacitor C1. Nthawi yake yolipira ikuwonjezeka, chidwi cha tratsistor imodzi (vt1, vt2) idzatembenukira pambuyo pake. Nthawi ya akona ya vs1 ya allyror ikhala yocheperako, mphamvu ya kutenthetsera idzachepa. Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa m'chipindacho, VT3 ya Thiptalayo idzatsegulidwa kwathunthu, ndipo nthawi ya Chireriyo itatseguka, mphamvu ya kutenthetsera idzakhala yochepa. Adzapereka kutentha kwambiri m'chipindacho monga amataya mabowo oyambitsa mpweya. Mkhalidwe wofanana wofanana wofanana umasungidwa mpaka liti. Ngati kutentha mu chipinda kumayamba kugwetsa (mwachitsanzo, kutsegula chitseko cha kamera), ndiye kuti percer yolimbana ndi VD9 imakula, yomwe ikuphatikizayo idzaimbidwanso mwachangu, analogue a trastistor imodzi, ndipo akoko adzatseguka kale, zotenthetsera zotenthetsera zikhala zolumikizidwa nthawi yayitali. Pa intaneti, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kudzachuluka. Chifukwa chake kudzakhala mpaka kutentha kumadzuka kwa wogwira ntchito. Ngati kutentha kumakula pamwamba pa ntchito, mafuta otenthetsera kutentha amakhala ocheperako, a VT3 adzatseguka kwathunthu ndi "Thristor vs1 idzazimitsa, kutenthetsa kuwiritsa kumachokera ku netiweki. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, njirayi ipita mbali ina. Kutsutsana kosiyanasiyana R6 kumayambitsa kutentha kwa kutentha mu chipinda cha makulito. Ridilodron VD8 imakhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito analogue ya transtoor imodzi. Ngati sichingachotsedwe, kulondola kosakhazikika kwa kusunthika mu chofungatira kudzafanana ndi ± 1.5 ° C, komwe, sikuloledwa. VD5 DIOD imateteza VT1, VT2 imagulitsa kuchokera ku kuwonongeka. Nthawi zonse kuphatikiza mabililians vd6, vd7 imatha kusinthidwa ndi chopindika chimodzi, pomwe magetsi okhazikika ali ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi a vol6 ndi vd7. R3 yotsutsa ya R3 imafotokoza voliyumu ya kutsegulidwa kwa kutsegulidwa kwa Travistog. Poyamba kukhazikitsidwa, m'malo mwake momwe zimaphatikizira kukana kosinthana 20 Com, VD8 yokhazikika imalemala kwakanthawiZimatheka ndi ntchito yokhazikika ya thermostat yogwiritsira ntchito. Yamitsani Thermostat, kuyeza kukana kwa njira yotsutsa, ndipo nthawi zonse amalumikizana m'malo mwake. Opaleshoni imeneyi ndi yodalirika, ndipo imayenera kubwereza nthawi zingapo kuti musankhe olondola kwambiri R3, zingafunikirenso kuti mukonzenso phindu la R2. Transtor Instation iyenera kukhala ndi coe yowonjezera β = 60-100. Makhalidwe akulu a kuchuluka kwa majeretate amapanga majeretat kwambiri, komanso kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa chipinda chake: kumakhala "oscillatory". Makhalidwe ang'onoang'ono ochepera amachepetsa kutentha kukonzanso.
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Maziko a chinthu.
Thermostat imagwiritsidwa ntchito kosatha kukana R2, R3 mtundu wa R2, SP-0.25, R1-SPT-2, SP4-2m, K71-5 ku voliyumu osachepera 160 v , Transistor ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi Mp-39, Mp-41, Ct-501, Kt-507, T2- Transtor pa Mp-36, kt-38, T3- T3- pa kt-3102, pa Kt-611 , CT 503, VD1- VD1 VD4 Diodes- pa KD202k, KD202L, KD202H, KD202C VD5- pa D2266B. T1 - Omasulira a T3 akhoza kukhala ndi zilembo zilizonse. Kusintha kwa S-N-N-N-N-N-Marmmansty Transtors Mp-40, Mp-41, MP-42, MP-26 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sensor mafuta vd6. Thsristor vs1 ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi Ku201K. OKHULUPIRIRA VD6, VD7, VD8-pa D814A. Revey K1 ndi mtundu wa TSG1, wokhala ndi mbali imodzi yotseka komanso imodzi yotsegulira. Coil ya K1 idawerengeredwa pa voliyumu ya 220 V. Kutenthetsa, maunyolo awiri ofanana (imodzi pamwamba pa kamera, ina ili pansi). Mu unyolo uliwonse - awiri motsatizana amaphatikizira mababu opepuka aliyense. Mphamvu zonse zotenthetsera siziyenera kupitirira 100 w pogwiritsa ntchito a cu2010. Thupi la Tyristor limakhala ndi mbale yamkuwa kapena ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi malo osachepera 9 cm2, omwe angagwire gawo la radiator. Ngati mphamvu ya kutenthetsera imatha kupitirira 100 w, ndiye kuti vs1 ya vs1 imasinthidwa ndi cu202h kapena cu202m, ndi ma doodis - vd4 iyeneranso kupirira katundu waposachedwa. Mu Wolemba, pomusonkhanitsa thermostat, bolodi ya malembawo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyika kukhazikitsa kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati pali maluso abwino, mutha kupanga gulu ladera losindikizidwa, zosankha zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mkuyu.2.
Chindapusa cha mkuwa.
Chipinda cha makulitsi.
Thupi lazofutira ndi chipinda chopondapo. Pazifukwa izi, firiji imalephera. Imachotsedwa pamaso pake "Messides" onse: Mashelufu, chipinda cha kuzizira. Pakhomo, zipilala zachitsulo zimadula zenera lokongoletsa komwe kuli pulasitala lagalasi yakale limakonzedwa ndi thandizo la zomangira. Mipata pakati pa mbale ndi khomo limakomedwa ndi chiwongola dzanja. Windo la Kukula kuyenera kukhala kuti ma trans onse m'chipinda cha makulitsidwe amawonedwa. Mpaka mkati mwa chitseko, kutsogolo kwa zenera, mu mandrel mandrel, thermometer nyumba imalimbikitsidwa ndi malire okwanira: 0-50 ° C (mkuyu. 3).
Mkuyu.3 wa chofungatira.
Pafupi ndi thermometer kulimbikitsa cartridge ku nyali yoyaka. Iyenera kusinthidwa pa kusintha komwe komwe kamapezeka pamalo osavuta panja kwa chofungatira. Mkati mwa chitseko cha chofungatira, chivundi chaching'ono chimalimba, chomwe chimasakaniza mpweya ndikugwirizanitsa kutentha m'chipindacho. Mtsinje wa mpweya wochokera kwa fan umatsogozedwa pansi pamakoma a kamera, kufunafuna kuti sikukugweretsani mazira. Ngati chiwerengero cha mazira ogona sichidutsa 100 zidutswa, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita popanda fan. Nyali zotenthetsera kwambiri zimayang'anira chipinda cha makulito. Kuphatikiza pa kutentha, kupundukira, mutha kuvomerezedwanso za momwe zinthu ziliri:
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·Amu blow-mawonekedwe ophikira koyambirira kwa mazira,
Mitundu yopanda mphamvu,
Kusowa kwa kulibe kuyamwa kwambiri (izi zitha kuchitika chilimwe, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda chomwe chizingacho chimakhala chachikulu mchipinda cha makulito). Nyazi zomwe zili m'munsi mwa zofungatira zimakutidwa ndi zitsulo kuti anapiyewo, atatsika mwangozi kuchokera ku thireyi, sakanasweka. Kuphatikiza apo, malatawo amachotsa kutentha kwa kutentha kuchokera ku nyali. Mkati mwa m'chipinda cha makulitsidwe m'chipinda chotchuka, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa tsitsi la tsitsi kuti ayese chinyezi cha mpweya.
Kenako pitani pakupanga ma tray. Ndi ma mafelemu opangira matabwa omwe ali ndi mauna apansi. Makona ang'onoang'ono a aluminiyumu amalumikizidwa kumbali yamiyala (mkuyu. 4). Amakhala ndi zimbudzi mkati mwa chipinda cha makulitsi.
Tray.4.
Ndikofunika kupanga mitundu iwiri ya ma trayi omwe amasiyana pokhapokha: ndi maselo akulu ndi yaying'ono. Trays ndi maselo akuluakulu (25 × 25 mm) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo loyamba, asanakhazikitse mazira. Maselo akulu amapereka mpweya wabwino komanso kuwombera yunifolomu ya mazira. Mkati mwa kukangana, mazira amasinthidwa kukhala ma tray okhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono (5 × 5 mm) kuti apiye omwe awonekera sanagwere kunja kwa pansi. Chiwerengero cha ma tray chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa chipinda cha makulitsi. Ndikofunikira kuti musakhale othandiza kwambiri: zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kwambiri za ma tray zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino kwa mazira ndipo potero kumachepetsa kutuluka kwa anapiye athanzi. Kutumiza kosakwanira kwa chofungatira kumawonjezeka mtengo wa zinthu zomalizidwa. Mtunda woyenera pakati pa ma tray ayenera kuganiziridwa 10 cm. Kukula kwa thireyi kuyenera kukhala kuti mkati mwake chizikhala chokwanira, pafupifupi 50 zidutswa za mazira a nkhuku, kapena zidutswa 40 za tsekwe. Pansi pa chipinda cha makulitsi chimayang'ana pang'ono ndi madzi. Zimafunikira kukhala ndi chinyezi chokhazikika mu chinyezi: 60-80%. Kufunika kwa chinyezi kumasinthidwa pa hygrometer. Ngati chinyezi sichili chocheperako, kenako sinthani kusamba kokulirapo ngati malo osambira akuluakulu akuluakulu amachepetsedwa. Chinyezi chotsika, kusintha kwa chinyezi kuchokera mazira kumawonjezeka, chigoba chimakhala cholimba, anapiye ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka powoloka. Ndi chinyezi chambiri mu chipinda cha makulito, nkhungu imapangidwa, mpweya umapeza fungo losasangalatsa, anapiye ndiwosandutsa, omwe amachepetsa zokolola zathanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chimatengera kulimba kwa chofungatira: chinyezi chochepa sichimawonetsa chilengedwe zingapo za "mipata" m'chipindacho, pafupi kukula kwa mpweya watsopano kuti ukwere. Mu chofukula molondola sayenera kukhala fungo labwino.
Mawu angapo ayenera kunenedwa za sensor yamatenthedwe. Malo ake m'chipindacho amalimbikitsidwa poyeserera. Ndikofunikira kuti imalumikizidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri pomwe kutentha kwambiri. Kuyenda molunjika kochokera kwa fan sikuyenera kugwera pa iye, apo ayi boma kutentha lidzasokonekera.
Pankhani ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi, ndikofunikira kusamalira chinthu china champhamvu (mkuyu. 5). Pazifukwa izi, batire ya matriti ya 12-voti ya okwera ya okwera 6t-55 kapena 6-60 ndiyoyenera. Mphamvu yake ndiyokwanira kusunga kutentha mu chofungatira pa 34-38 ° C kwa maola 36-40 (ngati chipingato chimapangidwa kuchokera mufiriji). Pankhaniyi, nyali ziwiri zamagetsi ziwiri kuchokera ku nyali zamagetsi ndizosate. Nyali zalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, thermostat pamenepa sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. K1 Kubwezeretsanso ndi Kutsegula makonda sa1 kumaphatikizapo 220 v network ndi thermostat. Intaneti ikakhala ndi magetsi a 220 v, kulumikizana komwe kumatha, kutentha kumapita ndi nyali za thermastator e1 - e4, batire limangolipiritsa. Ngati magetsi mu network amasowa, chivomerezi cha K1 chimapangidwa, kulumikizana kwa Sa1 kumatsekedwa ndikulumidwa batire ndi nyali za E5, E6. Mphamvu ikakwana 220 v, njira yonseyo ili mbali inayo. Njira zoterezi zogwirizira zokutira zimaletsa kuponderezana kwa mazira, ngati mwadzidzidzi zimazimitsa magetsi.
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Mphepo ya anthu.5 yadzidzidzi.
Musanatsegule chofungatira, chikukumana ndi masiku 1-2 ku IDLE, ndikuyang'ana kutentha kotsika komanso kwambiri. Siziyenera kusiyanasiyana kuposa 0,5 ° C. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, thermometer yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imayikidwa kwakanthawi kuti makonda awo awonekere kudzera pawindo mu chitseko cha chipinda cha m'chipinda cha makulito. Kusintha kwa kutentha kowonjezereka kuyenera kuchitika ndipo mutakweza chofungatira tsiku loyamba, chifukwa Maonekedwe a mazira mu thireyi amasintha kuchotsedwa kwa kutentha kwa kutentha. Umboni wa ma thermometers asrmometer amafaniziridwa ndi zisonyezo za thermometer yayikulu, yolimbikitsidwa m'chipinda cha chipinda. Panthawi ya makulitsidwe, ndikofunikira kukonzanso zosinthana kamodzi patsiku: Kusuntha kuchokera pansi panu kapena mosinthanitsa kuti muchepetse kutentha kwamitengo yotentha komanso yotsika ya chinthu. Zichilengedwe, zoom zimapanga njira yomweyo, yolimbikitsa chisa ndi mulomo.
Tekinoloje.
Maulendo oyikidwa mazira atsopano, zofooka zomwe sizopitilira sabata limodzi. Izi zisanachitike, ndi zofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mafoloko. Njira yosavuta kwambiri imatha kupangidwa mphindi 1-2: pachikuto cha makatoni okhala ndi lumo amadula dzenje ndi 50 mm. Gome la nyali la Tebulo limayikidwa patebulo kuti gawo lotseguka liloze. Chipewa chimakutidwa ndi katoni ndi dzenje. Ovoloscope okonzeka. Mazira opanda mazira, komanso zolakwika zakunja (mawonekedwe osakhazikika, sizachikulu osavomerezeka, etc.) amasankhidwa. Ngati mawonekedwe a mazira aipitsidwa, sayenera kufafaniza ndi nsalu yonyowa. Monga momwe zimakhalira zikuwonetsa, mutayang'ana pa ososcope, kuchuluka kwa anapiye ovala bwino atha kufikira 90%, popanda ovoskop - 60%.
Mukamatulutsa timiyala, dzira lililonse ndi pensulo kapena cholembera cham'mimba mbali zonse ziwiri zolemba manambala, nambala yakeyo "1" ndi ina. Kamodzi patsiku, mazira amatembenukira m'makamwa: woyamba nambala "1" pamwamba, tsiku lotsatira - nambala "2". Chipika chimaperekedwa pomwe tsiku loyambira la incubution lalembedwa, chiwerengero cha mazira, manambala omwe amalembedwa ndi phwandoli. Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuthetsa kutha kwa batch yoyamba, kubweretsa ma trans amapereka chipani china kapena mawonekedwe a mbalame: Kusintha konseku kumafunikira kuti zilembedwe. Mazira kuchokera pamwala wina amadziwika ndi manambala ena, mwachitsanzo "3" ndi "4". Magaziniyi imakupatsani mwayi kuti mulingalire tsiku lotulutsa achinyamatayo, komanso tsiku lomwe lili ndi cheke chachiwiri, chomwe chimayenera kuchitika theka lachiwiri la makulitsidwe, mazira akayamba ku Shirher ("Kusunthika" ). Munthawi imeneyi, mazira amasankhidwa popanda kudekha, ndipo matchera amapangidwanso, ndipo batchi ina imayikidwa pamalo opumira. Njira imeneyi imakupatsani mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino voliyumu yothandiza ya chofungatira. Monga zokumana nazo zaka 9 zakugwiritsa ntchito chofungatira chokha, nthawi yomweyo mu chipinda chimodzi pamakhala mazira osiyanasiyana a mbalame: nkhuku, bakha, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, tsekwe, Goose. Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze nthawi yoti iyikire mazira amtundu uliwonse, ndikudziwa masiku omwe ali pachabe.
Tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amayenda ndi mazira amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chofungatira ndikutembenukira kwa mphindi 15-20. Mazira amakhazikika panthawiyi. Mgwirizano woterewu umakhala wogwirizana mokwanira ndi zachilengedwe: ku Vivo kuti chizomekemera kamodzi patsiku chimasiya chisa chodyetsa. Mwa mphamvu yayikulu, mazira a madzi am'madzi (abakha, atsekwe) amawaza madzi ozizira amadzi. "Mankhwala amadzi" amatha kusinthana ndi ana am'tsogolo: imakula kwambiri komanso yolimba kutentha kumadontha. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi chomwe wolemba anakana kubwezeretsa ma tray. Amayeneranso kusintha madzi osasamba. Nthawi zambiri nkhuku zimasweka pa tsiku la 19, a ana ndi chipani - pa 26th. Ngati mitundu yonse isunga moyenera, zokolola za mazira kuchokera mazira zimachitika limodzi kwa masiku 1-2. Pa tsiku la valubaka, pomwe chofungatira chili ndi paketi, thireyi yopanda kanthu imayikidwa mu kamera kuti mulandire ana. Anapiye omwe amasokedwa kumene amayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi m'malo ochepera kuti asasokonezebe anzawo. Pambuyo kuyanika, anapiye amachotsedwa mu chofungatira.