Kupeza mafuta ochokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe
Kufotokozera kwazonse:
Madzi omwe amapezeka ndi malongosoledwe awa ndi methanol (methyl mowa). Methanol mu mawonekedwe woyera ntchito ngati zosungunulira ndi monga mkulu-octeni zowonjezera kwa mafuta injini, komanso octeni apamwamba (octeni nambala 150) mafuta. Uwu ndiye mafuta omwewo, omwe amadzaza akasinja a njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto. Monga maphunziro achilendo amaoneka, injini kuthamanga methanol akutumikira nthawi zambiri yaitali kuposa ntchito ochiritsira autobannya, mphamvu yake limatuluka ndi 20% (ndi injini zonse zikutsatiridwa). Kutulutsa kwa injini kumayenderana ndi mafutawa kumakhala kochezeka komanso poyang'ana poizoni, zinthu zovulaza sizikhalapo.
Chida chaching'ono chopezera mafuta awa ndiosavuta kupanga, sichimafunikira chidziwitso chapadera komanso magawo ochepa, zovuta zaulere. Zokolola zake zimatengera zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukula. chipangizo, chiwembu ndi malongosoledwe a msonkhano umene ife muchiwone, ndi D = 75mm amapereka malita atatu a yomalizidwa mafuta paola, ali ndi kulemera kwa 20 makilogalamu, ndi miyeso pafupifupi: 20 cm mu msinkhu , 50 cm kutalika ndi 30 cm m'lifupi.
Chidwi: Methanol ndi poizoni wamphamvu. Ndi colorless madzi ndi mfundo kuwira 65 ° C, ali ndi fungo ofanana ndi fungo la mowa wamba kumwa, ndi kusakaniza m'zonse ndi madzi ndi madzi ambiri organic. Kumbukirani kuti mamilimita 30 a mowa wadthan apha!
Mfundo yoyang'anira ndi ntchito ya chipangizocho:
The madzi chikugwirizana ndi "athandizira madzi" (15) ndi kudutsa zina, lagawidwa mitundu iwiri: otaya chimodzi mwa Kireni (14) ndi dzenje (C) zili m'gulu la chosakanizira (1), ndi otaya ena mwa Kireni (4) ndi dzenje (G) amapita ku firiji (3), kudutsa madzi, yozizira kaphatikizidwe mpweya ndi condensate a mafuta, chimafikira mwa dzenje (s).
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Mafuta achilengedwe apakhomo amalumikizana ndi "gaza lolowera" papaipe (16). Kenako, mpweya zili m'gulu la chosakanizira (1) mwa dzenje (b), limene, kuphatikiza ndi boti a madzi, heats pa burner (12) kuti kutentha 100 - 120 ° C. Ndiye, kuyambira chosakanizira (1) mwa dzenje (D), kusakaniza mkangano mpweya ndi madzi nthunzi wolowera dzenje (B) kwa riyakitala (2). The riyakitala (2) ladzala ndi chothandizira No. 1, ongokhala 25% faifi tambala ndi 75% zotayidwa (mu mawonekedwe a tchipisi kapena mbewu, mafakitale mtundu Gial-16). riyakitala zachokera kaphatikizidwe mpweya mchikakamizo cha kutentha kwa 500 ° C ndi apamwamba, akamagwira Kutentha kwa burner (13). Kenako, ma synthesi gasi amalowa kudutsa mu dzenje (e) mufiriji, pomwe iyenera kuzizira kutentha kwa 30-40 ° C kapena m'munsi. Kenako chowonjezera cha synthesis mpweya kudzera mdzenje (m) umatuluka mufiriji komanso mdzenje (m) kulowa mozungulira compressor (5), omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito compressor kuchokera mufiriji iliyonse. Kenako, wothinikizidwa kaphatikizidwe mpweya ndi mavuto 5-50 mwa dzenje (H) amachokera kompresa ndi kupyolera mu dzenje (O) akulowa riyakitala (6). A Ructor (6) imadzazidwa ndi chipika chachitatu. 2, yopangidwa ndi tchipisi 80% ya mkuwa ndi 20% zinc (kapangidwe kake ka kampani ya ku Russia, 1). Mchirikitala ichi, chomwe ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri a zida za zida, kaphatikizidwe ndi mafuta awiri amapangidwa. Kutentha kwa riyakitala sikuyenera kupitirira 270 ° C, komwe kumatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi thermometer (7) ndikusintha crane (4). Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi kutentha m'mitundu ya 200-250 ° C, ndipo pansipa. Pamenepo mafuta awiriawiri ndipo sanali anachita kaphatikizidwe mpweya kudzera una (P) kuyambira riyakitala (6) ndi mwa dzenje (L) aphatikizidwa firiji (s), kumene mafuta awiriawiri ndi Zachepetsedwa ndi pa una ( K) Tuluka mufiriji. Komanso, condensate ndipo sanali anachita kaphatikizidwe mpweya aphatikizidwa mwa dzenje (Y) mu capacitor (8), kumene kudzakhale kumaliza kwa mafuta amasonkhana, umene watuluka kuchokera condenser mwa dzenje (P) ndi Crane (9) kulowa chidebe.
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Bowo (T) mu condenser (8) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa gauge (10), yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse kukakamizidwa mu Condenser. Amasungidwa mkati mwa 5-10 mlengalenga kapena makamaka ndi crane (11) komanso crane (9). Dzenje (x) ndi crane (11) ndikofunikira kutuluka pa capicator popanda chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka gasi, yomwe imapita kukabwezeretsanso kumalo osakanizira (1). Crane (9) imasinthidwa kuti madzi oyeneretsa opanda mafuta opanda mpweya amatuluka. Zikhala bwino ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu condenser kumawonjezeka kuposa kuchepa. Koma mtengo woyenera kwambiri pamene kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kwamuyaya (komwe kumatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi galasi kapena njira ina iliyonse). Crane (14) imasinthidwa kuti ikhalepo mafuta mulibe / madzi / ndi osakanizira omwe amakhala bwino kuposa ochepera.
Kuyambitsa Chida:
Kutseguka kwa gasi, madzi (14) pomwe adatsekedwa, owotcha (12), (13) ntchito. Crane (4) ndi yotseguka kwathunthu, compressor (5) imayatsidwa, crane (9) yatsekedwa, crane (11) imatsegulidwa kwathunthu.
Ndiye, Kireni (14) kupeza madzi, ndi knap (11) kusintha kuthamanga analakalaka condenser ndi kulamulira kwa n'zotsimikizira kuthamanga (10). Koma palibe chifukwa chotseka crane (11) kwathunthu !!! Kupitilira apo, patatha mphindi zisanu, valavu (14) imasinthidwa mu riyakitala (6) mpaka 200-250 ° C P. Kenako tsegulani pang'ono, 9), pomwe ndege ya mafuta aponyedwe. Ngati zingathere pafupipafupi - timatsegulira zopanda pake ngati mafuta akupita ku zosakaniza ndi gasi - timatsegula crane (14). Mwambiri, kuposa magwiridwe antchito ambiri, kukonzanso chipangizocho, chabwino. Madzi am'madzi mu mafuta (methanol) mutha kuyang'ana ndi mowa. Kuchulukitsa kwa methanol ndi 793 kg / m3.
Chipangizochi ndi chofunikira kupanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitsulo. Magawo onse amapangidwa ndi mapaipi, machubu amkuwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi ocheperako. Mu firiji, m'pofunika kusunga X: Y = 4 chiŵerengero, kuti Mwachitsanzo, ngati X + Y = 300 mm, × akhale 240 mm, ndi Y, motero, 60 mm. 240/60 = 4. Mukamasinthasintha mufiriji ndi mbali yomweyo. Amota onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumadzi owala. M'malo mwa Krisnts (9) ndi (11), mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mavuvu ochepetsa kuchokera ku cylinders kapena ma pinki a capillary kuchokera ku firiji zapakhomo. Wosakaniza (1) ndi riyakitala (2) amatenthedwa pamalo oyimirira (onani chithunzi).
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