Chinthu champhamvu kwambiri masiku ano ndikuti pazokha pamanja zomwe zimayima ndi kutaya kwa boulers zachulukirachulukira, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kutentha kwa kutentha. Sungani nthawi yayitali. Pa nthawi yoyimitsa yowonera, kupanikizika kwa sing'anga kumachepetsedwa kwa mlengalenga, pamakhala chinyezi ndi mpweya, zomwe zimaganiziridwa zowopsa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mwayi kuwonongeka kwa zida zonse zamphamvu, kuphatikizapo makiyi. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano funso lotetezedwa ndilothandiza kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwa matekinoloji kukuchitika izi.
Schema la mafuta olimba.
Chifukwa cha chitetezo chambiri chomwe chimapangidwa pachabe, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito chimasungidwa, mtengo wokonza ndikuchepetsedwa, zamagetsi ndi ziwonetsero zopanga zimachepetsedwa.
Pali njira zingapo zokusungira ma boilers:
- njira yosungirako mpweya;
- njira yonyowa yachitetezo;
- Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kuchuluka;
- Njira yovomerezeka.
Wofatsa tsiku ndi tsiku amauyika zida zomangira za dzimbiri mpaka 50 makilogalamu a chitsulo. Mukamaimitsa madzi am'madzi kwa maola 15 kapena madontho mpaka tsiku limodzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange kuteteza ndi njira yotsika, kwa masiku 5-6) - njira yosungira. Kusankha njira yoyenera yothetsera kutukudwa kwa okosijeni kumapangidwa, kupatsidwa magawo ndi mphamvu za operekera, zomwe zimawaphunzitsa.
Pofuna kupewa kuwunika kwa magalimoto pazitsulo za bolodi patali ndi kukonzanso, njira zomwe zimasungidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu yoteteza pamtunda itangotsala , m'mene kulibe ndi kupukusa ndi kupukusa kwa contour pamenepa sikungalephereke.
Malangizo osungira Steam ndi Madzi otentha
Stoiler sheileme.
Njirayi imapangidwa kuti isungire boailer panthawi yopanda tanthauzo pakukakamizidwa ndi mlengalenga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira nthunzi ndi m'madzi. Pakasulidwa kwa kusungitsa, boiler siyopanda kanthu kuchokera kumadzi ndikudzaza mpweya (mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni), pambuyo pake amasuntha, nthawi yomweyo, musanayigwiritse ntchito madzi osenda.
Njira yosungidwira phula wa Steam limaphatikizapo kudzaza wowotcha wowotcha pophukira mophukira pamtunda wa 2-5 makilogalamu / cm motsatana ndi madzi mu Drum Drum. Pankhaniyi, mpweya ukulowa mkati sunachotse. Malinga ndi chiwembuchi, mpweya (nayitrogeni) umafotokozedwa mwachidule kwa opanga omwe amapereka a steamer ndi ng'oma. Kuchulukitsa pang'ono mu boiler kumachitika chifukwa cha nayitrogeni.
Njirayi siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito posamalira boolers pomwe zovuta zimatha kuyimitsidwa kwa mlengalenga ndipo madzi adatsitsidwa. Pali zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimayimitsa boiler. Pakukonza, imamasulidwa kwathunthu, motero, mpweya umagwera mkati. Gawo la nayitrogeni ndi mpweya ndiopanda tanthauzo, kotero munthawi yodzaza wowonera ndi mpweya, ndizosatheka m'malo mwake ndi nayitrogeni. Pamasamba onse amlengalenga ndi pomwe chinyontho chimaposa 40%, zitsulo za zida zidzachitika ndi oxygen Corsion.
Nkhani pamutu: Kapangidwe kakang'ono khitchini
Kusiyana kochepa chabe kwa kulemera si chifukwa chokhacho. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuchokera kwa boiler ndi kugawa yunifolomu pa nayitrogeni ndizosatheka komanso chifukwa chosowa hydraulic mikhalidwe, chifukwa chomwe ndi opanga a nayitrogen. Komanso mu boiler pamakhala madera osadziwika omwe sanakwaniritsidwe. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atagwira ntchito yowomberayo popewa kugonja. Uku ndikusowa kwa njira yaukadaulo yotere.
Ntchito ya njira yosungira mpweya wobowola ndikuwonjezera kudalirika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito boilers, komwe kumawonetsedwa munthawi yonse yodzaza ndi mpweya, mosasamala kanthu. Njira yotetezedwa yotetezedwa ikufanizidwa ndi chiwembu (chithunzi 1).
Chingwe chotchinga ndi zida za boiler:
Checmeme cha Steam Boiler.
- Ng'oma.
- Zokonda.
- Superheat.
- Zokonda.
- Capacitor.
- Zokonda.
- Wosakazidwa wonyamula.
- Chimbudzi chakutali.
- Zokonda.
- Zowoneka za mapidwe a boiler.
- Zachuma.
- Kukhetsa kwa malo otsika a boiler.
- Zokonda za chipinda chotulukapo cha oterera.
- Mzere wa nayirogen wokhala ndi valavu.
- Kuchotsa chiwongola dzanja cha chiwongola dzanja.
- Mzere wobwerera ndi madzi ndi valavu.
Mndandanda wa Zida Zofunikira, Zipangizo, Zosintha:
- Magulu owoneka bwino.
- Woyang'anira mafuta.
- Mikwingwirima.
- Pliers kuphatikiza.
- Ma screwdrivers.
- Mafayilo.
- Masitepe.
- Ndowa.
- Udoni.
- Mikwingwirima.
- Ma colks, mabatani, mtedza, mafashoni.
- Ndalama ndi mankhwala oyambira oyamba.
- Chozimitsira moto.
Njira yosungira ma gasi obowola amachitika motere (chitsanzo cha kuteteza Hicy Drum Huiler Huiler waperekedwa):
Mikota ya zida zolekanitsa mu duiler.
Wogula amamasula kuchokera kumadzi pambuyo pa kuyimilira kwake, kutsegula mfundo zake zonse. Mukatha kutula, m'malo ena mumakhala osakanikirana ndi mpweya wokhala ndi oxygen akuyambitsa chitsulo cha zida za boiler. Pofuna kusakaniza ndi nthunzi, zinthu zonse za boiler (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10) zimadzaza madzi osenda. Kudzaza kumachitika m'munsi (12). Kudzazidwa kwathunthu kumayendetsedwa ndi Valave (15), pambuyo pake atsekedwa ndipo nayitrogeni amaperekedwa kudzera mu valavu (14), kenako kudzera mlengalenga (9, 4).
Kudyetsa nayitrogeni kulowa mu boiler, ndikofunikira kutsegula makomwe am'munsi pazigawo zake zonse. Kenako madziwo ali ophatikizidwa, ndipo wobowoleza amadzaza nayitrogeni. Kupanikizika kwa nayitrogeni mu boiler kumasinthidwa pamzere 14 ndi (pofunika) pamzere wa TAP 16. Madzi atatha kuchotsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, khazikitsani nkhawa zowonjezera (25-100 MM Madzi). Ngakhale kupezeka kwa madzi ochepa omwe amawonongeka m'malo ena owonera, zitsulo za zida zotupa siziwululidwa, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku.
Zotsatira zake, njira yomwe ikufunsidwa imakulitsa kudalirika kwa kuletsa kwa obowola kuchokera mlengalenga, ndikudzaza ndi madzi ndi madzi osenda ndi nitrogen yochotsa madzi.
Malangizo a njira yonyowa yosungira madzi otentha ndi boral
Dongosolo la Ntchito ya Duct.
Boilailer amadzaza ndi njira zosinthira zomwe zimapangitsa kusanjikiza pazitsulo, kusunganso malo ake munthawi yamitundu ya Steamtor. M'madzi kuti mudzaze jenereta yotulutsa, alkali ya alkali amawonjezeredwa, powona kuchuluka kwake: 2-3 makilogalamu sodium hydroxide pa 1 makilogalamu a ammonia kapena 10% hydrazine hydrate yankho. Njira yothetsera vutoli imapereka chisamaliro cha madzi 200 mg / kg nzh, imawonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito pampu wochepera. Kuzizira kwa boiler ndi thawani pambuyo pake njira yosungirako imadutsa mwachangu kwambiri. Kuthetsa chithokomiro, gwiritsani ntchito yankho lapadera, lomwe lili ndi Caustic Nat. Kugwiritsa ntchito koloko yowerengera kumachitidwanso, koma osafunikira, chifukwa pali chiopsezo cha kutukudwa komweko.
Nkhani pamutu: Linoleum Bellles: Momwe mungakhalire pakati pa zipinda, khomo lowoneka bwino pansi ndi mbiri yosinthika
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yonyowa, yobowolayo imadzaza ndi yankho, lomwe limapereka kukana dzimbiri, ngakhale madzi atadzaza ndi mpweya. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungidwira mosungidwa, ndizotheka kudziwa nthawi ya nthawi yovomerezeka popanda kutaya migodi; Dziwani nthawi yomwe ngalande imatha, kukonza mabuloni, mpweya wabwino, kukweza zovuta ndi zida zina ndi njira zina zobwezera.
Tekinoloje yoteteza kunyowa
Kuchita zonyowa kuteteza wowonera, muyenera kutsimikizira kuti malo ake ndi otsika, tsekani zisoti zonse zolimba. Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa yankho (sodium sulfate yokhala osatsika kuposa 50 mg / l). Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungirako manyowa pa ntchito yokonza kapena pamaso pa mafakitale mu boiler sikuvomerezeka, popeza kusunga maliro ndichinthu chachikulu. Ngati, ndi njira yowuma ndi yamagesi yosungirako, awiriwo savomerezeka, kenako ndi onyowa - osati owopsa.
Chiwembu chothamanga.
Ngati ndi kotheka, siyani boiler kwa nthawi yochepa imagwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yodzitchinjiriza, kudzaza builer ndipo steit otenthetsera madzi osenda madzi. Pankhani ya kuchepa mphamvu mu bool itayimitsidwa mpaka 0, kudzazidwa kwa madzi osemedwa sikuthandiza. Kenako muyenera kuphika madzi obowola pamlengalenga, izi zimachitika kuti zichotse mpweya. Pambuyo kuwira, ngati zotsalira zotsalira zopanda malire sizitsika kuposa 0,5 MPA, kuteteza kungachitike. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mpweya wotsika m'madzi osenda. Ngati mpweya wokwanira umapitilira phindu lovomerezeka, chizitsulo chachitsulo cha womanga ndi wotheka.
Bouilers wokhala ndi malo osungirako nthawi yomweyo atatha kugwira ntchito yonyowa, osatsegula ng'oma ndi okhometsa.
M'madzi a michere, mutha kuwonjezera ma ammonia mu mawonekedwe apadera. Kanema woteteza yemwe amateteza ku zotupa amapangidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo.
Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa otupa omwe akupita nthawi yayitali, gwiritsani ntchito njira yonyowa, yothandizira kuthana ndi mapilo a nitric pamtunda wa madziwo, kuti mpweya ulowe. Mosiyana ndi kuwuma kowuma, komwe kumadzimadzi, kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupanga madzi, zida za boiler zimasungidwa mu boma zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati pakufunika. Pa nthawi yosunga, kugawikana kwa michere yosungirako sikumaloledwa.
Njira yotetezera popanga chisokonezo
Chithunzi cholumikizira cha valve.
Malangizowo paukadaulo wa kuteteza boloje yopanga zowonera popanga kuchuluka kwake kumagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za kuwombeza kwa boar. Njira Zina ndi Madzi ndi Zovuta Zapadera sizingathe kuteteza pakatikatikatikatikati kuchokera ku chiwonongeko kuchokera ku chiwonongeko chochokera ku Trussion, chifukwa zovuta zina zimadza pakudzaza ndi kutsuka. Kuteteza otenda, kusungidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi vacuum kuyanika pogwiritsa ntchito ammonia kapena kudzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni mosasamala kanthu za kuperewera. Ponena za zitsulo za mapaipi a pazenera ndi magawo ena a njira yopumira ya ma borm, nawonso amatetezedwa chimodzimodzi.
Nkhani pamutu: malingaliro aluso nyumba kuchokera ku zifuwa kuchokera ku zifuwa, ma acorns, ma cenes, spikelets ndi mphatso zina za nthawi yachilengedwe (28 Photos)
Tekinoloje yolinganiza yosungirako ndi yoyenera kwa madzi otenthetsera komanso otentha amadzimadzi. Mfundo ya njirayi ndikulimbikira kukakamizidwa ndi mpweya wozungulira pamlengalenga, zomwe zingalepheretse okosijeni mkati mwake, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma dialers amtundu uliwonse. Kuthandizira kuthana ndi bouless mu boiler, imadzaza madzi osenda. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakafunika kubweretsa boiler kuti isungidwe kapena kugwira ntchito yokonza zomwe sizikukhudzana ndi zomwe zimawotcha pamwamba, masiku 10.
Kukhazikitsa kwa njira yopitilira kugwa kwambiri mu kuyimitsa madzi otentha kapena ma seter amatheka m'njira zingapo:
- Pa mtengo wa boolers, masiku opitilira 10 amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa njira zowuma kapena zonyowa (zotsimikizika ndi kupezeka kwa ma reagents ena, zida, ndi zina).
- Nthawi yayitali nthawi yozizira ndipo pakalibe kuwotcha, boiler imasungidwa ndi njira yowuma; Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungiramo zinthu zonyowa mu izi sikovomerezeka.
Kusankha kwa njira imodzi kapena ina kumadalira njira yogwiritsira ntchito chipinda cha boiler, chiwerengero chonse cha zosunga ndikugwira ntchito, etc.
Njira yowuma yosungiramo zinthu
Kuchotsa chiwembu cha boiler.
Kutulutsidwa kwa boiler kuchokera ku madzi mokakamiza pamwamba pa mlengalenga kumachitika atatha kudula ndi chitsulo, kuthirira komanso kudzipatula ndikusunga kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe amkati a ngoma, osungira ndi mapaipi ndi owuma.
Oumitsa imagwira ntchito kwa omwe amakakamizidwa ndi kupsinjika kulikonse, koma ngati palibe cholumikizira mapaipi ndi Drum. Imachitika ndi kuyimitsa kokhazikika munthawi kapena nthawi yokonza zida kwa masiku osapitilira 30, komanso pakuyimilira mwadzidzidzi. Pofuna kupatula chinyezi pakulowa boiler nthawi yopuma, muyenera kutsatira kupukutira kwake kuchokera kumapaipi m'madzi ndi kukakamizidwa kokakamizidwa. Ayenera kukhala otsekedwa mwamphamvu: Kukhazikitsa ma procooles, mavesi otseka, manyonizi.
Kuchotsa madzi kumapangidwa ndi zovuta zina 0.8-1.0 MPA pambuyo pa boiler yayimitsidwa ndikukhazikika mwanjira yachilengedwe. Super hansitater Pukutani pa kutentha. Mukamaliza kuchepa, kuyendetsa mavalo ndi mavavu a boaler, lazi ndi sandbox ndi valavu yowunikira ingokhala yotseguka.
Mukukonzekera kuteteza pambuyo pa boiler itakhazikika kwathunthu, ndikofunikira kutsatira nthawi ndi madzi kapena nthunzi mu boiler. Kuwongolera kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzindikira malo omwe angalowe m'dera lokhazikika, kutsegulidwa kwa ngalande yotsika kwa osonkhetsa ndi ma pichelines, masitepe a Moupling kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Pakudziwa madzi kuti asalowe mu boiler, muyenera kuchita zinthu zofunika. Pambuyo pake, boiler akuyenera kuchotsa, kukweza kukakamizidwa ku 1.5-2.0 MPA. Kukakamizidwa komwe kumakhazikitsidwa kumasungidwa kwa maola angapo, kenako ndikupanga nayineron kachiwiri. Ngati chinyezi cholowa sichingatheke kuthetsa, kuteteza ku njira yosungitsira yotetezedwa mu boiler mu boiler. Njirayi imagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati nthawi yoyimilira yobowolayo idachita ntchito yokonza pamtunda komanso kufunika kwa zomangira.