Brarmlet - Phunziro ndi mbiri yakale yazaka mazana ambiri. Masiku ano, amakhala ndi malo otsogola pakati. Amavalidwa ndi amuna, akazi ndi ana azaka zonse. Kotero kuti kupezeka kwake ndi kwachilendo, amisiri omwe ali ndi amisiri amapanga ndi manja awo. Zipangizo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu, zokongoletsera zidzakhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Timakupakitsani kabati kuchokera kuminda ndi mikanda yokhala ndi zokambirana zosavuta kuchokera munkhaniyi. Amakhala ndi malangizo okongola, chifukwa chomwe ngakhale ngakhale olenda singano oyambira amatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.
Mbiri Yakale
Ngati zinguzi za zomwe anaphunzira kuchita munthawi ya paleolithic (m'zaka zamiyala), mbiri yakale ya Dadi idayamba pambuyo pake. Mikanda yoyamba idapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala, matabwa ndi nyama. Anthu akale amawadalitsa mosamala ndi matanthawuzo amatanthawuza zokongoletsera zapadera ndi manja awo. Anapatsidwa anthu omwe anali ndi thanzi labwino, chisangalalo ndi moyo wautali. Ma Shaman amagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera kuti azigwirizana ndi chilengedwe ndikukopa mphamvu yamatsenga.
Tiyeni tibwerere ku Bead. Nkhani yake idayamba zaka 5.5 zaka zapitazo ku Egypt. Ambuye amatsegula chinsinsi cha izi chifukwa cha gulu la oyendayenda omwe amanyamula katundu wa koloko. Osadziwa za mchenga kuti usungunuke ndi koloko, oyendetsa sitimayika oyendetsa boiler ndi chakudya mu magawo a michere, ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa miyala. M'mawa adapeza zatsopano - galasi. M'masiku amenewo panali matope ndipo anali ndi chingwe chobiriwira chifukwa chodetsa mu gawo lalikulu. Pakapita kanthawi, mitanda yoyamba idawonekera, kenako mikanda. Akatswiri a m'magazini a m'magazini apeza moyo wamuyayawu m'manda a mafumu akale. Mikanda yaying'ono inali matope omwewo ndi obiriwira ngati galasi, anali ndi malo osagwirizana, koma anali ofunika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthana ndikusintha zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Nkhani pamutu: kiyibodi yosintha zimachita nokha
Ulemerero Wapadera Wogonjetsedwa M'zaka za zana la XIII, pomwe Italiya adakwanitsa kupanga galasi la utoto. Chomera chinali ku Murano kutali ndi gombe. Ogwira ntchitoyo sanaletsedwe kuti atulutse zinsinsi zopanga. Koma pang'onopang'ono chinsinsi chinatsitsidwa pamakoma a boma ndikukhala chuma ku Europe. Kupambana kwakukulu kunatheka ndi ambuye a Bohemian ku Czech Republic.
Kukula kwamakono kumatulutsa mikanda ndi mikanda ya mkhalidwe wapamwamba kwambiri. Pakati pa opanga amatsogolera Czech Republic, Japan ndi Italy. Zinthu zopanga zimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wowala komanso wosagonjetsedwa, mawonekedwe angwiro ndi kukula, mawonekedwe osalala ndi ma inlets. Chijapanichi chikuyimirira pamsika ndi mikanda yawo yosiyanasiyana.
Pogula zinthu zamitundu yanu, perekani zokonda kwambiri. Yang'anirani Kulemba - mikanda yaying'ono imakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu, komanso chachikulu kwambiri pazomwe zili. Zida zonse zoluka ziyenera kufanana ndi zilembo.
Kusakaniza kosangalatsa kwa amuna
Amuna ndiosaka kwambiri posankha zokongoletsera. Sikuti woimira aliyense wamkazi amakhoza kusankha zowonjezera zoyenera. Kwa amuna, kukongola kwa mutuwo sikofunikira, koma tanthauzo lake katundu. Amafuna kufotokoza mokwanira mwachilengedwe kudzera mwa olongosola kotero kuti nthawi yomweyo, amene kale ndi achikondi, omwe ndi ankhanza, mwala wateute kapena wothandizana ndi mitundu ina ya zosangalatsa zina.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga chibangiri chachimuna, samalani tsatanetsatane. Chiwonetsero chachikulu chimakonda zachilengedwe: miyala, fupa, mitengo, khungu, chitsulo. Aliyense wa iwo amakhala ndi tanthauzo lake ndi kulumikizana mwachilengedwe. Kuyandikira Kusankhidwa kwa Kuyimitsidwa kapena Kukongoletsa Kukongoletsa, mverani zokonda zapansi. Miyala yachilengedwe, ma mesyrions ang'onoang'ono ndi mbale zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zimatha kukhala mkhalidwe wawo. Zodzikongoletsera zachimuna zimaphatikiza mtundu, mawonekedwe ndi kumaliza. Posankha mikanda, ndibwino kuti muzikonda zokondana ndi cylindrical kapena cubic zinthu zachilengedwe.
Nkhani pamutu: Master Class pa mikanda ya gitala: Kukonza chiwembu kwa oyamba
Tikukupatsirani kuti mupange chibangiri chomata kwa abambo. Pakupanga, mufunika:
- Bale (chinthu cholumikizira ndi kuyimitsidwa, komwe ndi mkanda wokhala ndi khutu laling'ono);
- zingwe zachikopa 25 cm;
- Mapeto a ma clips - 4 zidutswa;
- Kulumikiza mphete - 4 zidutswa;
- Mikanda yochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, pamenepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito matabwa;
- Carabin Freter;
- Kuyimitsidwa (mu kalasi iyi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyenyezi ya nyenyezi). Sankhani, kutengera zomwe mumakonda zamtsogolo.
Gwiritsani ntchito ma tremini kutseka m'mphepete mwa nsapato. Ikani zowonjezera zamkati ndikutulutsa zitsulo.
Kumangirira mphete yolumikizana.
Ikani mikanda pa chimbalangondo kuti mkati mwanu.
Kuseka m'mphepete lachiwiri la zingwe ndikulumikiza mphete yawo. Ikani mwachangu.
Imangophatikiza kuyimitsidwa kuyimitsidwa ndi chibangiri chomata kuchokera ku mikanda ndi zingwe!
Ndipo mutha kulenga ndipo pano chibangiri cha amuna choterocho chomwe chimapangidwa ndi miyala yachilengedwe (Shungite, chiphala) ndi zigawo za cylindrical. Ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatirachi.
Pangani zambiri zokhudzana ndi zikhomo zapadera zolumikizirana ndi unyolo wokhala ndi Fretner. Misonkhano yamisonkhano itha kuwoneka pazinthu chithunzi.
Kuphatikiza
Gawani zokongoletsera modekha kwa mtsikanayo ndi wosavuta kwambiri. Ndikupanga kuti muthandizireni kalasi yaying'ono yokhala ndi chithunzi. Kupanga chibangiri mudzafunika:
- 10 mm Beads pinki;
- mikanda 3 mm steji;
- Mzere wowedza 0.3 mm;
- manja omasuka;
- kulumikizana mphete - 2 zidutswa;
- Mapiri ndi lumo.
Dulani ku mzere wa usodzi 60 cm. Ikani mikanda 1 ndi mikanda 6 pa iyo. Pangani mkanda wina ndikukokerani kumapeto kwa mzere wa usodzi moyang'ana mbali.
Pamchira kumanzere kwa mzere wa usodzi, kukwera mkanda ndi mikanda, ndi mayanja anayi. Onjezaninso beadi kachiwiri, yomwe imatulutsa zingwe za chotupa pamtanda.
Zolemba pamutu: Maluwa owoneka bwino "maluwa" pagalasi pagalasi ndi pepala: zojambula ndi zithunzi
Pitilizani kuluka malingana ndi chiwembu, kusintha komwe kumachitika. Ndiye kuti, nthawi yotsatira kukhala Ngodi kuyenera kukhala mchira wolondola, ndi ma buspers 4 kumanzere. Mothandizidwa ndi mphete zolumikizira, limbikitsani Flater kumapeto kwa chibangiri chomaliza.
Chisankho Chowala
Tikukupatsirani kuti mupange chibangili china, chodziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kosangalatsa. M'chilengedwe chake chidzathandiza kalasi ya Master ndi malangizo achithunzi chifukwa choluka. Popanga zowonjezera zomwe mudzafuna:
- Mikanda yowala yokhala ndi mainchesi 6-8 mm;
- Mikanda nambala 10;
- Mabuku 3 mm;
- Mzere wosoweka ndi ma singano awiri;
- Tsundu.
Nthawi zambiri amakulunga dzanja lanu ndikudula gawo. Pakatikati pake amalimbitsa Freener.
Chitetezo cha Bead kumapeto kwa nsomba za nsomba. Ikani mikanda 5 yolumikizidwa imodzi, ndipo pa yachiwiri 4. Tambasulani mchira ndi mikanda 4 yodutsa pansi mpaka kumapeto kwachisanu. Adapanga mphete.
Ikani michira ya mikanda 4 ndikuwononga malekezero kudzera mu Bead Red.
Onjezani mabitu okhetsa, kukonza.
Pitilizani kuluka kuti muphunzitse kutalika kofunikira.
Pamapeto, limbitsa mphete za mikanda 3 ndi 4 ndikumangirira mwachangu.
Kupatsa bartele loyambira, siyani mzere umodzi wokha. Ikani biserin pang'ono pamenepo ndikuzitambasula kudutsa mu Beadi monga chonchi.
Zokongoletsera zapadera zakonzeka!
Kusiyanasiyana chibangiri imodzi
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma buspers a mtundu wachilendo, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Poterepa, mikanje ya superdaro kapena mapasa agwiritsidwa ntchito, okhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpunga. Chingwe chanu chidzasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola ndi chisomo.
Tikukupatsirani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta zokutira kuti mupeze zokongoletsera zonse zapadera.
Kanema pamutu
Mu gawo ili la zolemba zomwe mudzapeza zida zatsatanetsatane za zibande zokutira kuchokera ku mikanda ndi mikanda yomwe yatengedwa ndi maluso aluso.