Mbale zokutira zimachita nokha. Kujambula

Mapulogalamu ochulukirapo amapangidwa kuti alekanitse nyumbayo (pansi). Ngati mbale zili pakati pa pansi, ndiye kuti uku ndikulunga, ngati pamwamba pa pansi pake, ndiye kuti zikuyenda. Kusiyanako kumangokhala pakungokhala kokha. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kudalirika kumaperekedwa kwa nyumba zomangazi, monga iwo ndi zinthu zazikulu zonyamula ndikuzindikira kuti katundu wawo wonse, kuphatikiza pansi, zida, zida, zida, zida ndi katundu wosakhalitsa.

Mapula agawidwe atha kukhala:

• Kutengera ndi zinthuzo: Konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, konkriti, matabwa, chitsulo, kuphatikiza;
• kuchokera m'njira zopha kapena monolithic;

Mtundu wina kapena mtundu wina wa ma slab okwirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera mawonekedwe a nyumbayo, katundu wokwanira panjira yopitilira. Kenako tikambirana momwe mungapangire kuchuluka ndi manja awo.

Chitsanzo cha kuwerengera slab slab

Musanayambe kupanga chitofu, ndikofunika kuti muwerenge. Kenako chitsanzo cha kuwerengera ndege ya kufinya komwe kukulepheretsani.

Deta ya kuwerengera

Kukula kwa nyumbayo ndi monolithic kuwomba kumatenga kukula kwa 6x6 mgalasidwa pakatikati pa makoma amkati (span 3m). Makulidwe ochulukirapo azitenga 160 mm, pomwe malo ogwirira ntchito a Lollap Cross akhala 13 clan crentete (RB = 1) idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale. Zovala zachitsulo A-500C (rs = 4500kg / cm2, ea = 2.0 * 10 ... 6 kg / masentimita 10).

Zowonjezera

Katundu wopitilira muyeso umakhala ndi kulemera: ma botlap slabs (m'milandu yathu 160 mm), simenti imakhazikika ndi makulidwe a 30 mm, kuchuluka kwa magawo a magawo 30. Zambiri zimachepetsedwa patebulo ili pansipa ndi zogwirizana.

Kuwerengera kwa ma slabs kuti musinthe

Zowonjezera:

Tsopano tiyenera kusankha gawo la Mtanda wa Kulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa izi tidzafotokozeranso nthawi yayikulu:

ndi zogwirizana za AO wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mbale ya b = 1 (m):

Malo ofunikira ogwiritsira ntchito pamtanda adzakhala ofanana ndi:

Chifukwa chake, zolimbitsa mita imodzi, slab ya denga imatha kuikidwa ndi ndodo zisanu ndi mainchesi 8 mm mu gawo 200 mm. Dera la gawo lankhondo likhala ngati = 2.51cm2.

Tinayandikira kwambiri mpaka kuwerengera mbale pa zolefutsa zopewera. Kuchokera kwa magwero, tikudziwa kuti katundu wokhazikika pa otlap ndi 0.63t / myo ndi

Kuyika kwakanthawi kopitilira muyeso ndikofanana ndi 0.2st / mma.

Kuwerengetsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri kwa katundu wautali:

Ndipo nthawi yayikulu yochepa kwambiri:

Timapeza zokongoletsa zomwe zimafuna mtundu wa katundu ndi njira yopenda = 5/48 - kwa mitengo yofananira (patebulo 31, "Chitsogozo

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka konkriti konkriti komanso kotsimikizika yolimbikitsidwa kuchokera konkriti yolemera ". Y '= Y = 0 (Gome 29

Zogwirizana pakuzindikira: K1KR; K1L; K2l.

Timalingalira zokongoletsera za axis ndi nthawi imodzi imodzi mwazinthu zazifupi, zazitali komanso zamuyaya:

Tsopano zindikirani zomwe zingachitike pakatikati pa span:

Mkhalidwewo umachitika, zikutanthauza kuti timakhala olimbikitsansonso ku Gua8 A-500C mu gawo 200 mm ndiowona!

Mpukutu wa Monolithic amadzaza garaja

Ngakhale magulu opanga monga slub amatha kupangidwa ndi manja awo. Tiyeni tiwone chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito garaja. Tidzaletsa chikambacho ndi mm mpaka 4300 mm, kotero mbalezo zidzapangidwa 4500 mm. Mbali iliyonse, chitofu chimadalira khoma la njerwa la 100 mm.

Zipangizo zopangira mbale

Kodi mungapangitse bwanji shabb yokutidwa ndi manja anu? Popanga chitofu chidzafunika:

• Akatswiri aluso h75 / 750 x 4500 mm, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe ochotsa;
• Matabwa okhala ndi kutalika kwa 150 mm ndi makulidwe 25 - 30 mm;
• Garwang ndi mainchesi 16 mm;
• Mauna okhala ndi cell 100x100 ndi mainchesi 5 mm;
• Kuwala ndi mainchesi 8 mm, zidutswa ziwiri pa mbale;
• Kalasi B20 konkriti.

Kukonza mapulogalamu ndi manja anu

Chikwangwani cha masitepe chimakhala ndi zovuta. Pansi pa pepala muyenera kuyika ma crossger (matabwa amitengo, 4 zidutswa). Timakonza mapangidwe kuchokera kumabodi ozungulira papepala.

Timayika zolimbitsa mu Tray iliyonse (ma PC 5). Wotchinjikiza wa konkriti azikhala 25-30 mm. Kufikira ndalama zomwezo zolimbitsa thupi (ma PC 4) ponyamula mbale (m'malo mwathu, ndikukweza mpaka kutalika kwa garaja). Pamwamba pa slab, tidayika gululi, lomwe liyenera kutetezedwa ndi simenti ya konkriti 30 mm.

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Pofuna kuti pepalalo likhale pansi pa konkriti, liyenera kuthiridwa ndi mafuta (onse) kapena kuvala ndi filimu ya polyethylene. Kudya konkriti pafupa umodzi kumakhala 0,4 m3. Konkriti yakonzedwa mu chosakanizira chokulirapo, kutsanulidwa ndipo kunjenjemera. Mutha kuchotsa mbale pambuyo pa masiku 7 pomwe konkriti imatsika 70% mphamvu.

Komanso chotheka kuposa chipangizocho mwachindunji pamakoma. Ma sheet a inshuwaransi amalimbikitsidwa, kulimbikitsidwa kumachitika ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhutira. Konkriti imakwera mu crane mu zoyipa ndikudzaza mu cholimba. Pansi pa kugonjetsedwa muyenera kukhazikitsa zakumbuyo panthawi ya mphamvu yamphamvu ya konkriti. Njirayi idzakhala yodula kwambiri, motero ma sheet akhama pansi amakhalabe okwanira.

Kodi zimawononga ndalama zingati kuti zitheke?

Tsopano tikuwerengera mtengo wa zokolola ndi malo onse a 29 m2 ndi kutalika kwa 150 mm. Mtengo wa konkriti - $ 335, mtengo wa akatswiri oyenda pansi h75 - $ 400, kulimbikitsidwa - $ 235, crane ntchito $ 135. Zotsatira zake, timapeza ndalama za $ 970. Mtengo wotere udzakhala wopanga chingwe pa garaja, ndiye kuti, ntchitoyo itatsala pang'ono kufika.

Ngati ma slabbo othamanga chitani izi ndi manja awo padziko lapansi, mtengo wa ofalikira udzakhala wotsika mtengo, timachotsa mtengo wamasiketi. Zonse zisintha $ 705.

Osonkhanitsa-monolithic overlaps (smp) ndi manja awo

SP ya mndandanda wa TZSBS idapangidwa ngati njira ina yopumira matabwa ndi konkriti yotsimikizika yolimbikitsidwa. SP TZSBS ndi kapangidwe kake koyambirira, kuphatikiza gawo lokhazikika mu chipolopolo cholimba chogwiritsira ntchito mawu okhazikika.

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha SP Tzhbs ndikuti mitundu yonse ya konkriti imapangidwa ndi zothetsera zovuta. Pofuna kupanga kwa SP SPOMOMOMATOMOMA, zigawo zonse za kuchuluka ziyenera kuchitika ndi njira yamafakitale pa zida zamakono zamakono.

Kupanga kwa Smp Tzhbs

Zida zosungiramonolithic zimaphatikizapo:

• Mitengo ya gawo la Njira ya 2 yopangidwa ndi konkire yotsindika;
• Kuchulukitsa midadada kuchokera ku konki ya Ceramite kapena konkriti pakati pamabwalo;
• Kukhazikitsa konkriti kolumikizira kulumikizana kopitilira muyeso wolimba.

Ubwino wa Szhbs

• Kukwera kwambiri, mpaka 1000 kg / m2.
• Kukana kuchita lamba wa monolithic.
• Kutentha kwambiri komanso kumasuka.
• Kuthekera kogona mu voidoming enginication.
• Kudya kochepa kwa zinthu pa lalikulu pamtanda.
• Kuthekera kokweza ukukulira ndi manja anu.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tesirition SP SP

1. Kutumiza kwa zinthu za SP SPE pamalo omanga. Amapangidwa ndi magalimoto onyamula magalimoto a r / n osachepera 3.5 matani okhala ndi crane-dipuputor. Ndege imodzi imapereka kutumiza kwa zinthu 30 morel. Kutsitsa kumachitidwa ndi pamanja kapena kwa crane-dipuputor.

2. Chipangizo cha cholumbirira ndi manja awo chimayamba ndi mawonekedwe awo a 2-mita pamakoma onyamula mu 70 cm owonjezera komanso ndi chithandizo cha masentimita 10.

3. Kuyika mitundu yapagulu yapagulu pakati pamabwalo.

4. Kukonza zomangamanga kwambiri.

5. Kuyika gridi yolimbikitsa m'dera lonse la overlap.

6. Kutsanulira konkriti kwa konkriti, kuphatikiza matabwa komanso opanda kanthu m'mapangidwe amodzi. Concetet imakweza malo pakati pa zitoto za rolow ndi mitengo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe olimba.

Varniants ya chipangizo cha pansi posonkhanitsa-monolithic

Pa SMP, Tzhbs, mutha kuyimitsa pansi zamtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, linoolic ndi marquet pansi timaganiziridwa. Gawo la zigawozi likuwonetsedwa m'munsi.

Pansi pa linoam

1. Mchenga wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe a 30 mm.
2. Fiberboard yofewa yokhala ndi makulidwe a 12 mm.
3. Kuthirira madzi kuchokera ku khwangwala.
4. Sabata-Sandled kuchokera ku Brand M 150 40 mm wandiweyani.
5. Kuphatikizika kwa simenti ya polymer simenti ndi makulidwe 8 ​​mm.
6. PVC linoleum pa gawo lalikulu la kutentha.

Parquet pansi

1. Mchenga wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe a 30 mm.
2. Lags Matabwa okhala ndi gawo la 80 × 40 mm, atagona ndi phula la 400 mm.
3. Parquet Board 20 mm.

Kutalika kwa okutira ndi malo omaliza ndi 340 mm (240 mm reatlap + 100 mm pansi).

Monolithic slab overlap muchite nokha kwa nyumba

Mbale zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi konkriti yolimbikitsidwa. Awa ndi mafakitale opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri omwe mumangofunika kuyikamo zomangamanga. Ali ndi katundu wabwino pantchito, koma pali njira yomwe ili ndi zinthu zabwinoko. Uyu ndi slab yopitilira, ndipo imatha kudzipangira pawokha, osayitanitsa pamakampani omanga. Chitofu chonchi sikuti ndi kokha kukula kopitilira konkriti wamba, koma sikutanthauza maluso apadera kapena zida zapadera zopanga.

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Poyerekeza ndi mbale wamba zolimbitsa thupi zopangidwa m'mafakitale, ochulukitsa a Monolithic ali ndi zabwino zingapo:

• Mamangidwewo sadzakhala ndi seams, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu, popeza katundu pamaziko amagawidwa moyankhulila, pansi lonse. Chifukwa chake, kulimba kwambiri komanso chitetezo chanyumbacho chikuwonjezeka.
• Dzazani kuti mudzaze kuti ikhale yotheka kuyesa mnyumbamo, monga zimadalira mwachindunji ku mizamu. Mutha kupanga ngodya zosiyana ndi zazifupi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusankha zowonera. Izi zimatsegula mawonekedwe ambiri a malingaliro opanga.
• Pomaliza, kapangidwe kaolithic kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi khonde labwino popanda thandizo lililonse. Kupanga khonde sikofunikira, koma ambiri akufuna kukhala nalo m'nyumba yadziko, ndiye bwanji osachita.

Mutha kupanga slab kuwonjezeka ndi manja anu, osalemba ganyu ya ogwira ntchito ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito zida zovuta. Ndikokwanira kuchita chilichonse pang'onopang'ono, moyenera komanso mogwirizana ndi chitetezo. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kusankha zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za malo anu.

Chida chaukadaulo Monolith mbale

Pofuna kupanga mbale ya monolithic, mudzafuna chojambula. Ntchito iliyonse imayamba ndi chiwembu ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Ndikwabwino kuyitanitsa Bureau, ndikudalira kuwerengera katswiri. Zotsatira zake zingandiuze zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira pomanga mbale, zomwe zimalimbikitsanso zolimbitsa thupi kuti zisankhe ndipo ndi konkriti iti yomwe ilipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito. Mutha kuyesa kukwaniritsa zonse zofunika, pali njira pa intaneti yomwe opaleshoniyo imachitikira. Nyumba wamba, monga lamulo, ili ndi kanthawi kopitilira 7, pomwe chitofu chimakhala choyenera ndi kukula kwa miyeso ndi makulidwe kuyambira 180 mpaka 200 mm, iyi ndiye gawo lofala kwambiri.

Popanga Monolithic Slab, zinthu zotsatirazi zifunika:

• Zovala zachitsulo zokhala ndi mainchesi 10, kapena, monga njira, 12 mm ndi chida chomenyedwa cha icho.
• Konkriti yokhala ndi chizindikiro m 350. Muthanso kusinthana ndi njira yosinthira, kusakaniza mchenga, simenti ndi zinyalala.
• Fomu ndi zothandizira thandizo lake, mudzafunikira thandizo limodzi pa mita imodzi.
• Zopangira pulasitiki pansi pa zolimbitsa thupi zokutira.

Kutsatira jakisoni kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachitidwa motsatizana:

• Ngati kutalika kwa nyumbayo kuli kofunikira kwambiri mamita 7 kapena polojekiti yomwe inkapereka mosagwirizana ndi ziphuphu, muyenera kuwerengera slab slab.
• Gawo loyamba ndikuyika fomu yoyambira ntchito.
• Chingwecho chimakhazikika ndi ndodo zachitsulo zomwe chimangoti chimachitika.
• Konkriti yotsanulira.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito pibibrator yozama, chidindo chimapangidwa kuti chiziwonjezera mphamvu.

Pambuyo kutalika kwa makhothiwo adafika pamlingo womwe mukufuna, mutha kupitiriza kupanga chilengedwe cha kuchuluka.

Kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe

Mapangidwe wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nthawi zina amatchedwa deck, ndipo ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupanga chitofu. Mutha kungobwereka chopangidwa mwa kukonzekera, chochotsa, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki. Mutha kudzipangitsa nokha kuchokera kumabodi kapena ma sheet a plywood. Zachidziwikire, renti ndi yosavuta chifukwa kapangidwe kake kamakhala kochotsa komanso kugwa, chifukwa chake kumatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi chipangizo cha telescopic, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe kutalika.

Kuti apange mawonekedwe amakono mumafunikira kutenga ma slywood kapena matabwa. Zopangidwa zopangidwa ndi matabwa ayenera kulimbana bwino, kusinthana mbali zamatabwa. Ngati malo ndi mabowo akadalibe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yopanda madzi potembenuza mawonekedwe.

Momwe mungakhazikitsire mawonekedwe?

• Choyamba muyenera kupanga zithandizo zolimba. Ngati ndi mapangidwe ake, udindo wawo umachitidwa ndi ziweto zachitsulo ndi dongosolo lalitali la telescopic. Mutha kutenga mitengo yamatanda. Mtunda pakati pa racks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mita imodzi. Ma racks ayenera kuchotsedwa pakhoma osachepera 20 cm.
• Omenyedwa amayika pamwamba pa ma racks okhazikitsidwa - awa ndi mabatani apadera ofunikira kuti azigwira mawonekedwe.
• Panthambi zizipezeka kaphokoso ka plywood, kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi. Mtengo wopingasa uyenera kuyambitsa mwamphamvu kukhoma chapafupi, osachoka pamabowo.
• Mphepete mwa kapangidwe kake imayenera kugwirizana ndi m'mphepete mwa khoma, motero ndikofunikira kusintha kutalika kwa racks ku mulingo wovomerezeka.
• Malo ndi cholondola cholondola kuyenera kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lomanga.

Nthawi zina, mafomu opezeka mosavuta amaphimbidwa ndi filimu yopanda madzi kapena mafuta opangira mafuta ndi mafuta opangira mafuta ngati amapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Zimachitika kuti athandizire kuchotsedwa kwa fomuyo ndikupanga mawonekedwe a konkriti yopezeka bwino. Ma racks obwereketsa amakhala osasangalatsa kuposa kutaya mitengo yakunyumba, chifukwa amatha kupirira kulemera kwakukulu - chifukwa amatha kuthana ndi matani awiri, osasweka, sizikuwoneka ngati zothandizira zakunyumba. Kubwereka kwakanthawi kwa ma racks otere kumawononga pafupifupi 3 y. e. imodzi lalikulu.

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Pulanani mbale

Pamene mawonekedwe achitsulo kapena odzikongoletserawo amaikidwa, imayenera kuyamikiridwa ndi maziko a ma grids okhazikika. Kuti muchite izi, zitsulo zolimba zizindikiro a A-500C zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukula kwa khungu limodzi la gridi yomwe ikuchitika iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 200 mm. Madziwe amalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito waya. Nthawi zambiri, ndodo sizikwanira m'malo onse, chifukwa muyenera kulumikiza zidutswa zingapo. Kotero kuti gululi likhazikika, ndikofunikira kuti likulunga pepani la osachepera 40 mm.

Gululi liyenera kukhala lokhazikika pamakoma, chizolowezi cha njerwa ndi 150 mm ndi zina zambiri, pamakoma opangidwa ndi konkriti yokhazikika - osachepera 250 mm. Pakati pa malekezero a ndodo zokhazikitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okhazikitsidwa ayenera kukhala mtunda wa 25 mm.

Kulimbikitsidwa kwa mbale yamtsogolo kumachitika motsatizana pogwiritsa ntchito maziko olimba. Ma gridiyo achitidwa awiri, omwe ali pansi, amakhala pamtunda wa 20-25 mm kuchokera m'mphepete pansipa, gulu linalo, pamwamba - limayikidwa pansi - limayikidwa m'munsi 20-25 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mbale.

Pansi pa matanthwe am'munsi, ma clamps amaikidwa kuchokera kupulasitiki kuti igwire pamalo omwe mukufuna. Amapezeka mu zowonjezera za 1 mita, pa malo omwewo akuwoloka ndodo ndi.

Makulidwe athunthu amawerengedwa mu chiwerengero cha 1:30, pomwe manambala oyamba amatanthawuza kukula kwa chinthu chamtsogolo, ndipo yachiwiri ndi kutalika kwa nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali mamita 6, ndiye kutalika kwa mbaleyo kudzakhalapo 200 mm. Popeza zomangamanga zimapezeka mtunda wautali kuchokera m'mphepete mwa mbale, ndiye kuti ziyenera kugawidwa, pakati pawo payenera kukhala kusiyana kwa 120-130 mm.

Kuyimirira - Kuyimirira kumafunikira kuti muchepetse ma grid omwe adatumiza mu chimango pamtunda wina ndi mnzake. Kukula kwa mashelufu am'mwambako kuyenera kukhala 350 mm, pomwe kukula kwake ndi 120 mm, mawonekedwe a makonzedwe ndi 1 mita, zinthu zosintha zimakhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo la Checker, mosiyanasiyana.

Chigawo chotsikira mu kapangidwe kake chimayikidwa ndi gawo lokhazikika la 400 mm, molunjika kumapeto kwa chimango. Ndi icho, chitofu chimadalira khoma.

Cholumikizira cholumikizira chimafunikira grids ziwiri kuti mutenge katunduyo ngati chipangizo chimodzi cholimbitsa thupi. Gawo mukamakhazikitsa liyenera kukhala 400 mm, ndikutembenukira kumalo othandizira, ndikofunikira kudula mpaka 200 mm.

Kutsanulira mbale

Njira yoyenera ndikugula konkriti yoyenera pafakitale, kuchokera kumakampani aluso omwe amapanga popanga katundu pomanga. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri ntchitoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukungotsanulira konkriti molondola komanso kuchokera osakanizira, pamwamba pa mbaleyo idzakhala yosalala komanso yosalala. Koma kuthira kwamagulu kumafuna kusuntha kosatheka kwa nthawi yophika gawo la nyumba yomanga, motero, kulimbikitsa kovuta, komwe kumayambitsa vuto lambale. Ndikwabwino kudzaza ndi yosalala, pafupifupi 200 mm, osazengereza.

Musanagwire ndi konkriti, musaiwale kukhazikitsa mabokosi apadera apakati pa mawonekedwe, cholinga chopanga chimnes kapena mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo pozaza, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yitarar yapadera yoyaka konkriti. Izi zipangitsa kapangidwe ka zitseko zolimba kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zodalirika komanso zapamwamba. Kenako muyenera kukhala oleza mtima ndikusiya zokoŵezi zouma kuti ziume ndikupeza mphamvu nthawi yamasiku 28.

Kutengera pamalo opanga, muyenera kuwunika mosamala sabata yoyamba pambuyo podzaza ndikunyowa ndi madzi osavuta, koma nthawi yomweyo imangonyowa, osathira madzi ambiri. Fomu imatha kuchotsedwa mosamala kuchokera pa slab pamwezi pambuyo podzaza. Pambuyo pake, mbale yatsopano ya Monolithic ikhala okonzeka bwino.

Mtengo wokwanira wa zida ndi zida zofunika kuti atengere slab overlap, monga lamulo, amaganizira ndalama zolimbikitsa, kubwereketsa konkriti ndi kubwereka kwakanthawi kokhazikika kwa nyumba, monga komanso chozama chozama. Pafupifupi kuyerekezera, pafupifupi 45-55 c apezedwa. Lalikulu lalikulu la okhazikika.