Kufikira pamanja ndi manja anu: chipangizo, momwe mungapangire, kujambula, video

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za chiwembu chilichonse ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyontho m'nthaka. Zotsatira zake, njira zosasangalatsa zoterezi monga kusakhalitsa kwamadzi pa chiwembu, kusefukira kwa nthaka, kuwonongeka kwa dothi, kuzungulira kwa mizu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba zokha. Mutha kuthana ndi vuto la chinyezi, kukhala ndi madzi ndi manja anu. Pazilamulo zonse, ngalande zopangidwa ndi madongosolo ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri omwe amakhudzana ndi kuwombedwa kwa chinyezi cha dothi.

Ngalande ndi ntchito

Makina okwererapo amatha kupangidwa pa chiwembu chilichonse. Imakhala m'malo omwe ali m'gawo la chitoliro kapena njira, zitsime ndi chitetezo chamadongosolo. Dongosolo lotere la kusonkhana ndi chinyezi cha dothi limakonzedwa, komanso kutsogoza malo ena kapena kupitirira tsambalo.

Chida cholowera pa chiwembucho ndichofunikira pankhani zotsatirazi:

• Malo ogulitsira. Madzi omwe akufika pamwamba panthaka alibe nthawi yolumikizidwa pansi, ndikupangitsa mafinya, ndipo dothi limataya mphamvu yake. Makamaka zogwirizana ndi dothi;
• Pakachitika madzi onyowa kapena kusefukira pansi pa nyumba kapena pansi;
• Ngati maziko ndi makhoma a kapangidwe kake adayamba kuphimbidwa ndi ming'alu yochokera ku dothi;
• Ngati zenera kapena khomo limapindika;
• Kutsuka dothi kuchokera pansi pa njira, masamba opaka;
• Ngati malowa ali paphiri kapena ku Lowland.

Malangizo: Kupanga makina okhetsa magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati nthaka ya pansi pa tsamba lanu ili pansi pa 1.5 m kapena kuchepera.

Mitundu ya Njira Zazipatso

Kutengera ndi kapangidwe ndi kutsekereza kwa zinthu zamitundu iwiri, mitundu iwiri ya ngalande zimasiyana:

imodzi. Pamtunda . Amadziwika ndi malo omwe ali patsamba la ma network a njira, kuchotsa chinyezi kugwa mu mawonekedwe a mpweya. Kudutsa kwa malowa kumatha kupangidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

• Mzere . Ili ndi network ya zikwangwani zokhazikitsidwa m'matanthwe pa piritsi lamiyala. Makunja onse ali ndi tsankho kwa osonkhanira madzi pafupifupi madigiri atatu. Panjira, madzi amaphatikizidwa m'malitsi kapena kutumiza malire a tsambalo. Makunja onse amakakutidwa ndi malatiti kuti awateteze ku zinyalala;

  

  Pazojambula zapamwamba zoyambira kuchokera ku thirakiti

• Thonje . Iyi ndi wolandila madzi, omwe amaphatikiza madzi ndi molunjika kuchokera pa chitoliro chokwirira. Ofunafuna mvula amatha kukhala. Onsewa amalumikizidwa ndi makina ofukula komanso opingasa okhala ndi chimbudzi champhamvu.

  

  Kutulutsa magetsi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mzere

2. Kuyatsira madzi . Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kachitidwe ka ma piperines onunkhira anayamwa, pansi pa dothi. Kuwala Kwakuya pamalopo, kupangidwa ndi manja awo, kumatha kupirira zotupa panthaka zadothi, komanso pamaso pa nthaka pansi.

Momwe madzi akuya a chiwembu chimachitidwa ndi chithunzi chawo chikuwonetsa zowoneka

Kukonzekera kwa njira yopanga njira

Chithunzi cham'mimba pa tsambalo chidakonzedwa, zozizwitsa zingapo ziyenera kuwerengeredwa, chifukwa kuchita bwino ndi kulimba kwa njira yofikira kumadalira polojekiti.

Dziwani Malangizo:

• Kutseka makina amapezeka nthawi zonse, pambuyo pa ntchito zomanga zazikulu. Zida zomanga zomwe zili pamalowo mutha kuwononga zinthu zam'madzi zopaka;
• Pulojekitiyi iyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi kulumikizana kwina konse kuti muwasinthe ndi ngalande;
• Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kupezeka pa gawo lanu lamadzi pansi;
• Onani kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka dothi pamalopo kuzama kosiyana;
• Ntchitoyi iyenera kuganizira kuti kukhalapo kwa zinthu zopangidwa pansi pa dzikolo. Ikhoza kukhala pansi kunyumba, cellar, pansi, chabwino;
• Ganizirani malo am'deralo;
• Kutupa kwa chiwembu cha m'munda kuyenera kuchitika ndi malo a zitsamba ndi mitengo;
• Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa zoponya pansi mogwirizana ndi dera lanu.

Zomwe zingafunikire kuti zikhale zotseguka komanso kutsekedwa

Kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi manja awo kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomanga. Makina owonjezera amafunika zigawo zosiyanasiyana.

1. Kupanga ngalande yapamwamba ikhoza kufunikira (kutengera mtundu):

• mvula;
• Polymer konkriti / polympess kapena pulasitiki ya madzi omwe madzi adzatuluke.
• Sandwers omwe amatumikila zinyalala zosiyanasiyana kuti asalowe dongosolo;
• mazira opangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki, omwe adzaphimbidwa ndi zotupa;
• Mchenga, pomwe pilo lokhala ndi zingwe ndi simenti zidzapangidwa kuti zikonzedwe.

Makonda am'madzi ochokera ku zida ndi mvula

2. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kugula:

• Chitoliro chopangidwa, chomwe madzi adzasonkhanitsidwa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za polymeric. Ngati alibe mabowo, adzaumbidwa yekha. Mainchesi a mapaipi sayenera kukhala osakwana 10 cm;
• geotextile, yomwe ikhala ngati yosefera;
• Zoyenera ndi Commings Zolumikizira Mapaipi Amodzi;
• Kuonera zitsime, chifukwa chomwe chingathe kuyeretsedwa dongosolo ndikuyeretsa;
• zitsime zosonkhetsera zomwe zimagawidwa madzi.
• Kupukusa komwe madzi amapopera zitsime zamadzi adzaponthedwa ngati zoterezi zimakonzedwa kuti zikhazikike;
• mchenga wokonza wosanjikiza;
• Mwala wosweka pakutaya ndi kusefa kwamadzi.

Zopangidwa ndi zopota zozikika ndi fyuluta kuchokera ku geotextile

Chidziwitso: Ngati muli ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito miyala. Mkhalidwe woyambira - miyala yake yolekanitsidwa siyingakhale yoposa 4 cm m'mimba mwake.

Kupanga mawonekedwe apadziko lonse lapansi

Musanapange madziwo ndi manja awo, ndikofunikira kupanga chiwembu chogwiritsira ntchito njira zonse zokwanira. Amawonetsedwa ndi malo omwe ali ndi njira zazikulu (zazikulu), zomwe zimapita kwa otola bwino kapena madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zowonjezera zimayikidwa, ndikuchotsa madzi kuchokera kumalo amodzi omwe imadziunjikira. Njira zowonjezera zimagwirizana ndi njira zazikuluzikulu, kulumikizana nawo.

Kenako muyenera kusankha Mtundu wa ngalande ya mzere - kugwa (kosagwiritsidwa ntchito) kapena thireyi . Ntchito Yokonzekera Zofananira:

• Malinga ndi chithunzi, mabatani akukumba. Kuzama kwawo kuli masentimita 500, ndipo m'lifupi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 40-50 cm. Tcherani khutu kuzolowera makoma a tinch. Ayenera kutchetcha pa ngodya pafupifupi madigiri 25. Ndiye kuti, pamwamba ali pamwamba;
• Pansi pa ma tranches amapezeka.

Malangizo: Njira zazikuluzikulu zimapangidwa mwamphamvu, chifukwa zidzathamangitsidwa kwamadzi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku njira zowonjezera.

Ngalande zopepuka

• Mu ngalande, wosanjikiza wa Geotextles amasamba, pambuyo pake ma crencs amagona ndi zinyalala. Wotsika wotsika wa zinyalala ayenera kukhala ndi zigawo zambiri. Njokayi ndiyabwino kwambiri kotero kuti nthaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisalowe mumiyala yosweka;
• Pamwamba pa backfill yotere, dziko lapansi limathiridwa kapena turf limakhazikika.

Chiwembu cha chipangizo cha kutsika kwa nthaka

Kutulutsa kwa Apasitima

• Komanso kukumbanso ngalande, koma kuchepa;
• Pansi pa ngalande, mchenga umakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza 10 cm;
• Ngati mukufuna, pamwamba pa mchenga ukhoza kutsanulira zikho;
• Pansi ndi makhoma a ngalande, matope a simenti amathiridwa;
• Trays ndi mchenga zimayikidwa;
• Ma tray amakutidwa pamwamba pa zoteteza.

Kukhazikitsa kwa ngalande zakuya

Dongosolo lotere limapangidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera, monga kukonzanso kwa zolakwa zilizonse zidzakhala zovuta. Kuwala kwakuya kwa chiwembuchi kumaonedwa kukhala kovuta kuwerengera komanso kugwira ntchito kwambiri.

Ntchito imachitika motsatizana:

• Dongosolo la kugona misewu yayikulu idalembedwa;
• 50 cm kutalika ndi kuya kwa 80-100 cm. Malo otsetsereka a matanthwa amaperekedwa ndi madigiri atatu kukhetsa magazi;
• Pansi pa ngalande zimakutidwa ndi mchenga (pafupifupi 10 cm), yomwe ikudumphaka;
• Geotexxiles amakhazikika pamchenga ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti malekezero ake akukwera pamwamba pa dothi;
• Mkati mwa geotextile yosanjikiza imakutidwa ndi zinyalala. Wa makulidwe - pafupifupi 20 cm;
• Mapaipi opangidwa ndi mafuta amalumikizidwa pamwala wosweka;
• Mapaipi a mapaipi amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake;
• Chitsime chophatikizika chakonzedwa. Ili ndi gawo lotsika kwambiri pamalopo;
• Mapaipi amawonetsedwa mu kukhetsa bwino, komwe kumapangitsa kapena kuphatikiza pamlingo wotsika;
• Kugula machubu okutidwa ndi zinyalala pamwamba. Siziyenera kufikira dothi;
• Geotextlectile anakuta, chifukwa cha zotsatira zake ndi mwala wosweka, womwe ulipo, womwe uli pafupi nawo, uli mu "Cocoon";
• Kuchokera kumwamba, kapangidwe lonse ndi dothi.

Chitoliro cha ngalande

Dongosolo la ngalande lidzasintha tsamba lanu, kuti muchotse ku chinyezi chambiri, kubwezeretsa nthaka.

Kanema

Momwe mungapangire Kutuluka pa chiwembu ndi manja anu, onani kanemayo. Imawafotokozera kusankha kwa ngalande zosatseguka, komanso kuyambika.

Nkhani pamutu: kukhazikitsa ma eaves kuti matani ndi manja anu