Pambuyo pomanga nyumbayo kapena kapangidwe kake chilichonse choyambirira choyambirira ndikumanga zovuta zotsutsana ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake. Ichi ndi chotchingira, choyenda mnyumbayo m'mphepete mwake, ndi wogwira ntchito pochotsa madzi kunyumba kwa mtunda wina. Imagwira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimateteza maziko ndikuchita nthawi yayitali kapangidwe kake. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikuwonetsa momwe mungagulitse nyumba ndi manja anu posankha njira yoyenera kwambiri.
Mukufuna chiyani pafupi ndi nyumba
- Kuteteza Maziko . Kukhala ndi bwino, kuphedwa kumalepheretsa mvula ndikusungunuka kumaziko a nyumbayo. Izi zimathandizira kuti atetezedwe pa kukhulupirika, komwe kungakhale kusokonezedwa pansi ndikusazizira.
- Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa maziko a maziko Ndi nyumba yonse. Chochitikacho chimapanga chowonjezera chowonjezera chomwe chimachepetsa zotsatira zoyipa panthaka pomanga.
- Skstata imakwaniritsa nyumbayo, kupereka nyumba . Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe ake amasankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kapangidwe kake.
- Ntchito Yothandiza mu mawonekedwe a oyendayenda . Umu ndi momwe kusuntha kosavuta kozungulira kokhazikika kapena pakati pa nyumba zoyandikana ndi zotheka.
Mitundu ya skostkovy
Musanayambe kupanga chakudya cham'mawa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi iti mwa mitundu yake yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Talemba mndandanda:
- Zochitika zapamwamba (konkriti) Kwa kapangidwe ka dongo, mchenga ndi zibowo zikuluzikulu zimakhazikika mu ngalande, ndipo "chipika" chotere chimathiridwa ndi yankho lolondola. Zochitika mozungulira nyumba kuyambira konkriti zimapangidwa, koma zimatsimikizira chitetezo chodalirika chamadzi.
Pa chithunzi cha kuwonongeka kwa konkriti
- Pamalo okhala ndi ma slabs . Mbale zoterezi zimayikidwa pamchenga wosweka miyala. Pali mchenga pakati pa mbale zapafupi. Ndikotheka kusankha mbale zambiri zopangira zokongoletsera kapena mawonekedwe osangalatsa.
Pa chithunzi cha malo ozungulira nyumba yopangidwa kuchokera ku ma slabs
- Mwala kapena matembenuzidwe a konkriti . Zimakhala zosangalatsa zowoneka bwino ndipo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Monga ma slabs osiyanasiyana, panjira imayikidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kapena konkriti. Ili pamwamba pamchenga ndi zinyalala. Miyezo pakati pa zinthu za anthu ali ndi mchenga.
- Kuphwanyidwa kapena miyala . Uwu ndiye wotchedwa wodekha. Mwala kapena miyala yophwanyika idagona pazinthu zopanda pake zokhala ndi ngalande. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yopanga chisumbu chotsika mtengo cha manja anu.
Langizo: Sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito matopewere miyala ya porcelate monga cholembera. Kuyikidwa m'munsi mwa konkriti, kudzakhala ndi kuchuluka kwina kwamatumba kusinthasintha kuposa konkriti. Zotsatira zake zingakhale kusiyana kapena kuwonongeka kwa phula la dongoli.
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA
Ntchito yomanga yozungulira yomwe idazungulira nyumba imachitika, malamulo angapo ovomerezeka ayenera kutsatira:
- Pokonzekera ngalande, ndikulimbikitsidwa kupanga kukondera kochepa kwa khoma la nyumbayo. Idzapereka bwino kwambiri pofika kunyumba ndipo idzalepheretsa kuchoka pa linga nthawi yausanu.
- Zochitika mozungulira nyumbayo ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo osasunthika, osadumphira malo aliwonse. Iyenera kukhala autilesi yotseka. Pokhapokha ngati izi pokhapokha maziko adzaperekedwa ndi chitetezo chodalirika kuti chisachitike komanso madzi osungunuka.
- M'lifupi mwake chomalizidwa chimasankhidwa ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti kumapita ku 20 cm kuti padendeni panthaka. Ndiye kuti, iye iyenera kukhala padenga . Pankhaniyi, madzi akuyenda sadzatengeka pansi, koma adzasiyidwa. Amakhulupirira kuti m'lifupi wocheperako wa kapangidwe kameneka ndi 70 cm, ndipo kwa dothi lotentha - 1 m.
- Chipangizo cha zochitika mozungulira nyumbayo umaphatikizapo kuwonetsetsa malo otsetsereka. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka Chithunzithunzi chowonekera . Kutalika kwa malo otsetsereka kumasankhidwa pafupifupi madigiri 1.5. Izi ndi pafupifupi 15 mm pa mita m'lifupi. Kutsetsereka kotereku kuonetsetsa kuti madzi amayenda mbali ina ya mbali.
Pakumanga, malo otsetsereka amafunikira
- Pakati pa chochitika ndi ntchito yomanga muyenera kusiya ma seams . Akufunika kupewa kuwonongeka kwa kadzutsa pakagwa. Ngati mawonekedwewo sanamangidwe kukhoma, ndiye kuti amangokulira pang'ono kapena yesetsani ndi dothi, kupewa kuphwanya umphumphu wake. Pakupanga seams, pali zigawo ziwiri za khwabala pafupi kukhoma pafupi ndi khoma kapena ikani chosanjikiza cha masticn. Kutsika kwenikweni kwa msoko ndi 1 cm. Komanso, ma seams repish ayenera kupangidwa pamtanguluwo ndi mita iliyonse, kuyiyika mwamphamvu kukhazikitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, zolembedwa zamatabwa zokhazikitsidwa m'mphepete zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tsonga: Ndemanga zamatabwa zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisuzi zolipirira, onetsetsani kuti mwabisa ndi zida zodzipatula kuti mupewe zowola zawo. Itha kusudzulidwa ku Kerosene Bit, Olif, Mastic, etc.
Timapanga kadzutsa wa konkriti
Ichi ndi ntchito yomanga yapamwamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nyumba zambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa konkriti kuzungulira nyumbayo kuyenera kupangidwa m'malamulo onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mtundu uwu wa mitundu iyi. Ndiwodalirika komanso kapangidwe kosavuta.Zomwe zingafunikire pomanga:
- Fosholo ya bayon yomwe nthaka idzawonongedwa;
- Chingwe chopangidwa kuti chichitike;
- mulingo wopanga mawonekedwe oyenera ndikupereka ngodya ya kutayidwa;
- Mbuye Ok;
- Landirani kusalala;
- mchenga;
- ma board a form ndikupanga seams yolipiritsa;
- mwala wosweka;
- madzi;
- Yankho kapena simenti ya simenti;
- Ruberseid kapena phula kuti mupange ma seams;
- Kuthana ndi njira yothetsera vutoli ngati ikudzipangira pawokha.
Njira yopanga chidutswa cha simenti
Tsopano lingalirani za kutsanulira kozungulira nyumba kudzera njira yothetsera konkriti.
Chizindikiro cha Connetete Chida
1. Kuyika malo omanga. Pakadali pano, kuzungulira kwa kapangidwe kake kamakhwima zipilala zomwe zili mtunda womwewo kuchokera kumakoma a nyumbayo. Mtunda wa 1.5-2 m ndizosagwirizana pakati pa m'chiuno. Chingwecho chidatambasulidwa, chomwe chimalima m'lifupi mwake.
2. Kudzera pa fosholo ya bayonet, dothi lomwe limachotsedwa mpaka 30 cm. Zotsatira zake, ngalande pakati pa maziko ndi chingwe chotambasula. Kupititsa patsogolo katundu wamadzi chowonekeracho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyikira dothi pansi pa ngalande.
3. Matayala amapangidwa ndi pansi pa ngalande. Chifukwa chaichi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wozungulira.
Malangizo: Ngati mizu ya mbewu idatsalira mu ngalande, pansi pa ngalande imakonzedwa ndi mankhwala apadera owononga. Chithandizo chotere sichingalolere kuwononga mawonekedwe omalizidwa.
4. Kapangidwe kake kakhazikika pa ngalande. Chifukwa chopanga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma board, zidutswa zathyathyathyathyathya ndi zinthu zina. Ma board amathamangitsidwa kuti azikhala ngati zojambula zokha, ndipo zida zina zimakhazikika ndi mikwingwirima.
5. Mchenga umakutidwa ndi ngalande ya 10 cm, yomwe ndi zofunika kung'ung'udza ndi madzi ndi masheya.
6. Mwala woponderezedwa umayala pamchenga, koma miyala ingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Wosanjikiza wokhumudwitsa - 6-8 cm.
7. Kudutsa ma ngalande, ndi gawo la 2 metres, m'mphepete zimayikidwa m'mphepete, zomwe zimalipira kutentha kwa ma conctite. Kuphatikiza apo, mabodiwo amatenga gawo la Beocton panthawi yochepa.
8. Chigudukidwe chotsimikizika chimayikidwa pamwala wosweka kapena mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi khungu ndi 10 cm. Ngati zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti kulumikizana konse kumalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi waya.
Kulimbikitsidwa ndi Forceor ndi kukhazikitsa kwa matabwa a misozi yoletsedwa
9. Njira yothetsera konkriti imathilira kutsatira malo otsetsereka. Kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli, yankho limasungunuka pakati pa ma beacon.
Kudzaza mafilimu
10. Pomwe yankho silinaumbe, limachitika ndi chitsulo chake. Kuti muchite izi, pamwamba pa konkriti imakonkhedwa ndi simenti ndikusalala chopondera. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chidwi pansi.
Kupanga malo otsetsereka
Wosankhidwa wofewa kuzungulira nyumbayo amatha kupangidwa modziyimira pawokha pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida:
- shovel bayonet;
- chingwe ndi zikhomo;
- mwala wosweka;
- dongo;
- mchenga;
- Adagubuduza zinthu zakuthupi.
Zochitika kuchokera ku zinyalala zozungulira nyumba nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi zambiri pomwe eni ake sakonzekera kukonza izi, komanso ngati zingathe kuthera ndalama. Ili ndi kapangidwe kovuta kosavuta, ndipo nthawi yake yokonzekera imachepetsedwa.
Chitsanzo cha malo otsetsereka
Kupanga Njira
1. Kulemba malowa kumalembedwa ndikukoka chingwecho.2. Pali ngalande pakati pa chingwe ndi khoma la nyumbayo, kukhala ndi 30 cm.
3. Ngalande zakhala ndi dothi osachepera 10 cm. Dongo limapezeka bwino.
4. Madzi ofundirawa amaikidwa pa dongo. Ma euromuod ndi oyenera kwambiri. Ayenera kubwera pakhoma la masentimita ndi 10-15.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Musayike madzi osambirana, chifukwa pakuzizira madzi ndi nthaka yoyenda imatha kuthyola. Lolani zinthuzo kukhala bwino zili bwino komanso zili ndi zikwama zingapo.
5. Wopanda madzi amakutidwa ndi mchenga wawung'ono.
6. Malo onse otsala pang'ono kujambulidwa ndi zinyalala.
Ndikofunika kuti mudye chakudya cham'mawa, ngati madzi sagwera padenga. Kupanda kutero, madziwo adzapanga mafakitale.
Tidayang'ana momwe tingapangire zofewa kunyumba. . Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyika mapangidwewo popangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola. Wosambitsa pamwamba amatha kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga, ndikuyika ma slabs pamwamba.
Watchthete masewera olimbitsa thupi
Chiwembu cha kusungunuka kwa bokosi la perpux
Kuphimba mwachikondi kudzakulitsa kutentha munsi, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yomasuka. Kugwira ntchito, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chithovu cha polystyrene mu sing'anga yomanga. Imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri ndipo amadulidwa bwino.
Cesspool yokhazikika mozungulira nyumbayo imapangidwa motsatira:
- Fomu imayikidwa ndi analogy ndi kadzutsa wa konkriti.
- 15 cm trench yogona mchenga.
- Mchenga umakutidwa ndi khwangwala, womwe umalowa khoma.
- Tsamba likulu limadulidwa ndi mpeni wazikulu zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndikukhazikika pamwamba pa wothamanga. Kuchepa kwa zinthuzo kumatsimikizika. Gwiritsani ntchito kukweza kwa makulidwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe amodzi.
- Grid yokhazikika imayikidwa pa kusokonekera pamwamba.
- Chotsitsa chomaliza ndi konkriti.
Kutulutsa kotereku popezekapo polystyrene chithovu cha polystyrene sikusiyana ndi konkriti wamba kudzaza, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri nyumba zokhala ndi maziko apansi kapena oyambitsa matenda.
Ndi njira yabwino yozungulira nyumba ya nyumbayo - njira yabwino yotsika mtengo komanso yoyenerera kuteteza nyumba zanu ku chinyezi chovulaza. Ntchito ikamachitika popanda munthuyo, sipangakhale mkhalidwe wotipatsa malingaliro omanga.
Kanema
Analimbikitsa kuti azionera kanema wina m'nkhani yathu.
Nkhani pamutu: Kodi ndi ulamuliro uti womwe amasankha batiri la dzuwa