Zogwirizana ndi matenthedwe a zida

Zaka zaposachedwa, pomanga nyumbayo kapena kukonza, chidwi chachikulu chimalipira mphamvu. Mitengo yamafuta yomwe ilipo kale, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Komanso, zikuwoneka kuti ndalamazo zipitiliza kukhala ndi kufunikira. Pofuna kusankha bwino kapangidwe kake ndi makulidwe a keke ya makeke (makoma, pansi, denga, denga) muyenera kudziwa kutentha kwa zinthu zomanga. Khalidwe ili likuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi okhala ndi zida, ndipo pakufunikabe pa kapangidwe kake. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuthetsa zomwe ndikupanga makoma kuposa momwe amawakonzera, kudali kosanjikiza chilichonse.

Kodi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mafuta ndi otani

Mukamasankha zomangamanga zomanga, ndikofunikira kulabadira mikhalidwe ya zinthu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira ndi mawonekedwe othandiza. Imawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe othandiza. Uku ndiye kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumatha kuyendetsa chimodzi kapena zinthu zina pa nthawi yake. Ndiye kuti, wocheperako kwambiri uku, woyipa kwambiri womwe wafotokozedwawo umatentha. Ndipo mosemphanitsa, wapamwamba chiwerengerochi, kutentha kumapatsidwa bwino.

Chithunzi chomwe chikusonyeza kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a zinthu

Zipangizo zokhala ndi zoseweretsa zotsika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poti amasungunuka, mokwera - kusamutsa kapena kuchotsa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, ma radiators amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, mkuwa kapena chitsulo, monga momwe amatetezera bwino, ndiye kuti ali ndi malo othandiza kwambiri. Pakusuta, zida zokhala ndi matenthedwe ocheperako omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito - ndizosungidwa bwino. Ngati chinthucho chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zazinthu, mawonekedwe ake othandiza amadziwika kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa ma coes a zinthu zonse. Mukamawerengera, kutentha kwa "keke" komwe kumawerengedwa, zikhulupiriro zopezeka zimafotokozedwa. Mwambiri, timapeza kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe ozungulira (makoma, jenda, denga).

Thermal mawonekedwe a zomangira zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe amasowa gawo limodzi la nthawi.

Palinso lingaliro lotereli ngati madzi othandiza. Zimawonetsa kuthekera kwa zinthuzo kuti zithetse nkhaniyi. Ndiye kuti, ndizosinthanitsa zokhudzana ndi kutentha. Ndipo ngati mukuwona zinthu zolimba kwambiri, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenthedwe. Chitsanzo cha zinthu zamagetsi zochulukitsa zitha kukhala zam'miyala yotchuka kapena ubweya wa basalt, thonje, etc. Zipangizo zolimbana ndi mafuta zimafunikira kuti azitsogolera kapena kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, ma radiators a alumini amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa, chifukwa amapatsidwa bwino.

Gome la Mafuta a Mafuta a Mafuta a Mafuta

Kuti nyumbayo ikhale yosavuta kukhalabe kutentha nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira kwambiri ya makoma, pansi ndi padenga ziyenera kukhala chithunzi chomwe chimafotokozedwa chimodzimodzi chomwe chimawerengedwa kudera lililonse. Kupanga kwa "keke" ya makoma, jenda ndi denga, makulidwe a zinthuzo amatengedwa ndi nkhani yowerengera kotero kuti nambala yonse ilibe yocheperako.

Zogwirizana ndi kusamutsa kwamitengo kwa zinthu zamakono zopangira

Posankha zinthu zofunika kulingalira kuti ena mwa iwo (si onse) m'mikhalidwe yayitali imakhala bwino kwambiri. Ngati pali zochitika ngati izi pakuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwerengera, kuchita zinthu zamafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi. Thermal yopanga ma coerights a zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakutuwa zimawonetsedwa pagome.

Dzina la Zinthu	Zogwirizana ndi matenthedwe a matenthedwe w / (· · mbira c)
	Pouma	Ndi chinyezi chabwino	Wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri
Anamva utoto	0.036-0.041	0.038-0.044	0.044-0.050
Mchere wamiyala 25-50 kg / m3	0.036	0.042.	0 , 045
Michere yamiyala yamiyala 40-60 kg / m3	0.035	0.041	0.044
Michere yamchere yamiyala 80-125 kg / m3	0.036	0.042.	0.045
Michere yamchere yamiyala 140-175 kg / m3	0.037	0,043.	0,0456.
Michere yamchere yamiyala 180 kg / m3	0.038	0.045	0,048.
Glowater 15 Kg / M3	0,046.	0.049.	0.055
Magalasi 17 kg / m3	0.044	0.047.	0,053
Magalasi 20 kg / m3	0.04.	0,043.	0,048.
Magalasi 30 kg / m3	0.04.	0.042.	0,046.
Glagater 35 KG / M3	0.039	0.041	0,046.
Magalasi 45 kg / m3	0.039	0.041	0.045
Glagater 60 kg / m3	0.038	0,040.	0.045
Glowater 75 KG / M3	0.04.	0.042.	0.047.
Magalasi 85 kg / m3	0.044	0,046.	0,050
Polystyrene chithovu (chithovu, PPS)	0.036-0.041	0.038-0.044	0.044-0.050
Kutalika kwa Polystyrene (EPPS, XPS)	0,029	0.030	0.031
Chiwindo konkriti, chosinthira konkriti, 600 kg / m3	0.14.	0.22.	0.26.
Neghrete konkriti, konkriti yolumikizidwa pa matope a simenti, 400 kg / m3	0.11	0.14.	0.15
Neghrete konkriti, konkriti yokhazikika pa laimu yankho, 600 kg / m3	0.15	0.28.	0.34.
Neghrete konkriti, konkriti yokhazikika pa laimu yankho, 400 kg / m3	0.13.	0.22.	0.28.
Galasi la foam, crumb, 100 - 150 kg / m3	0.043-0.06
Galasi la foam, crumb, 151 - 200 kg / m3	0.06-0.063
Chonyansa, mwana, 201 - 250 kg / m3	0.066-0.073
Galasi la foam, crumb, 251 - 400 kg / m3	0.085-0.1
Chithovu chimatchinga 100 - 120 kg / m3	0.043-0.045
Thovu block 121-170 kg / m3	0.05-0.062
Thovu chipika 171 - 220 makilogalamu / M3	0.057-0.063
Chithovu chimatseka 221 - 270 kg / m3	0.073
Ekwata.	0.037-0.042
Polyurethane Foolder (PPU) 40 makilogalamu / M3	0,029	0.031	0.05
Polyurethane thovu (PPU) 60 kg / m3	0.035	0.036	0.041
Polyurethane chifuwa (PPU) 80 kg / m3	0.041	0.042.	0.04.
Polyeneetlene adatsekereza	0.031-0.038
Msaki
Ndege + 27 ° C. 1 mutu	0,026.
Xenon	0,0057
Argon	0.0177
Aergel (Aspen Aerogels)	0,014-0.021
Shagkovat	0.05
Vermiyulitis	0.064-0.074
Adaluma mphira	0.033
Mapepala 220 kg / m3	0.035
Mapepala a makilogalamu 260 a kg / m3	0.05
Masanja a Balsas, Canvas	0.03-0.04
Koka	0.05
Perlite, 200 kg / m3	0.05
Perlite kuthamanga, 100 kg / m3	0.06.
Mbale wa nsalu zokutira zitsulo 250 makilogalamu / M3	0.054.
Polystyrevbeton, 150-500 makilogalamu / M3	0.052-0.145
Chubu yokazinga, 45 kg / m3	0.038
Migodi ya mchere pa bingu, 270-350 kg / m3	0.076-0.096
Pansi pa Cork Coing, 540 kg / m3	0,078.
Rock cork, makilogalamu 50 / m3	0.037

Nkhani pa nkhaniyi: Mbalame ya Chinsansa mtanda dongosolo ulusi: Mbalame ya Chinsansa Banja kwaulere, wakuda kukhulupirika ku dziwe, mtsikana ndi akanema, prin

Part mfundo atengedwa ndi mfundo zimene mankhwala makhalidwe a zipangizo zina (SNiP 23-02-2003, SP 50.13330.2019, SNIP II-3-79 * (Zakumapeto 2)). Anthu zinthu zimene si alembedwa mu Malamulo pa opanga malo. Popeza palibe miyezo, opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana, chifukwa pakugula, samalani ndi zomwe aliyense adagulidwa.

Gome la Mafuta Omanga

Makoma, alipo, pansi, chingapangidwe kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma izo zinali kunapezeka kuti madutsidwe matenthedwe zipangizo kumanga nthawi poyerekeza ndi njerwa zomangamanga. Ine ndikudziwa izi zonse zakuthupi kosavuta kuchita mayanjano naye. Matchati ambiri otchuka omwe kusiyana pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi poyera. Cipangizo ngati ali m'ndime yapita, yachiwiri ndi kufanana kwa khoma la njerwa ndi khoma mitengoyi - chili m'munsimu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makoma a njerwa ndi zinthu zina ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, zinthu zotupa zimasankhidwa. Kukhala kosavuta kusankha, ndi madutsidwe matenthedwe ya zipangizo yaikulu yomanga kusanduka tebulo.

Yerekezerani zinthu zosiyanasiyana

Nkhani Yaudindo, Kuchulukitsa	Zogwirizana ndi zamanyazi
	Pouma	Ndi chinyezi chabwino	Wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri
CPR (simenti-Sandy)	0.58.	0.76	0.93
Njira ya Lime-Sandy	0.47	0,7.	0.81
Pulaster Laster	0.25.
Thovu konkire, lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire pa simenti, 600 makilogalamu / M3	0.14.	0.22.	0.26.
Neghrete konkriti, konkriti yolumikizira simenti, 800 kg / m3	0.21	0.33	0.37
Konkriti konkriti, konkriti yokhazikika pam si simenti, 1000 kg / m3	0.29.	0.38.	0.43
Thovu konkire, ankachita masewera lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire, 600 makilogalamu / M3	0.15	0.28.	0.34.
Thovu konkire, ankachita masewera lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire, 800 makilogalamu / M3	0.23.	0.39	0.45
Neghret konkriti, amateur adazengereza konkriti, 1000 kg / m3	0.31	0.48.	0,55
Galasi la zenera	0.76
Arbolit	0.07-0.17
Konkriti yokhala ndi zinyalala zachilengedwe, 2400 kg / m3	1,51
Konkriti yowala ndi ma assolous, 500-1200 kg / m3	0.15-0.44
Konkriti pa granolar slags, 1200-1800 kg / m3	0.35-0.58
Konkriti pa slailer slailer, 1400 kg / m3	0.56.
Konkriti pamwala wamwala, 2200-2500 kg / m3	0.9-1.5
Konkriti pa slag, 1000-1800 kg / m3	0.3-0.7
Ceramic Brick osankhidwa	0,2
Vermitobeton, 300-800 kg / m3	0.08-0.21
Ceramzitobeton, 500 kg / m3	0.14.
Ceramzitobeton, 600 kg / m3	0.16.
Ceramzitobeton, 800 kg / m3	0.21
Ceramzitobeton, 1000 kg / m3	0.27.
Ceramzitobeton, 1200 kg / m3	0.36.
Ceramzitobeton, 1400 kg / m3	0.47
Ceramzitobeton, 1600 kg / m3	0.58.
Ceramzitobeton, 1800 kg / m3	0,66
Njerwa yaposachedwa kwambiri pa CPR	0.56.	0,7.	0.81
Masondi a Njiwa ya Chuma pa CPR, 1000 kg / m3)	0.35	0.47	0.52.
Zomangamira kuchokera njerwa za Chuma cha CPR, 1300 kg / m3	0.41	0.52.	0.58.
Maso kuchokera ku Hollow Dicks pa CPR, 1400 kg / m3	0.47	0.58.	0,64
Zomangamira kuchokera ku bardel barsick pa CPR, 1000 kg / m3)	0,7.	0.76	0.87
Zomangamira kuchokera ku Showning Sloolote Njiwa pa CPR, 11 voids	0,64	0,7.	0.81
Zomangamira kuchokera ku Showlow Slider Njerwa pa CPR, 14 Ma vois	0.52.	0,64	0.76
Limestone 1400 kg / m3	0.49	0.56.	0.58.
Limestone 1 + 600 kg / m3	0.58.	0.73	0.81
Limestone 1800 kg / m3	0,7.	0.93	1.05
Limestone 2000 kg / m3	0.93	1,16	1.28.
Mchenga womanga, 1600 kg / m3	0.35
Mwala wolimba	3,49.
Mabo	2,91
Cerarat, miyala, 250 kg / m3	0.1.	0.11	0.12.
Cerarat, miyala, 300 kg / m3	0.108.	0.12.	0.13.
Ceramzit, miyala, 350 kg / m3	0.115-0.12	0.125	0.14.
Ceramzit, miyala, 400 kg / m3	0.12.	0.13.	0.145
Cerarat, miyala, 450 kg / m3	0.13.	0.14.	0.155
Cerarat, miyala, 500 kg / m3	0.14.	0.15	0.165
Ceramzit, miyala, 600 kg / m3	0.14.	0.17	0.19.
Cerarat, miyala, 800 kg / m3	0.18.
Gypsum mbale, 1100 kg / m3	0.35	0,50	0.56.
Gypsum mbale, 1350 kg / m3	0.23.	0.35	0.41
Dongo, 1600-2900 kg / m3	0.7-0.9
Kukana kwa dongo, 1800 kg / m3	1,4.
Cerarat, 200-800 kg / m3	0.1-0,18
Ceramzitobetne pa Querz Mchenga wokhala ndi chithunzi, 800-1200 kg / m3	0.23-0.41
Ceramzitobeton, 500-1800 kg / m3	0.16-56.
Ceramzitobetobeton pa mchenga wa perite, 800-1000 kg / m3	0.22-0.28
Grick Resticker, 1800 - 2000 kg / m3	0.8-0.16
Ceramic Fork, 1800 kg / m3	0.93
Kugona Kutalika Kwapakati, 2000 kg / m3	1.35
Mapepala a pulasitala, 800 kg / m3	0.15	0.19.	0.21
Mapepala a pulasitala, 1050 kg / m3	0.15	0.34.	0.36.
Plywood glued	0.12.	0.15	0.18.
DVP, Chipboard, 200 kg / m3	0.06.	0.07	0.08.
DVP, Chipboard, 400 kg / m3	0.08.	0.11	0.13.
DVP, chipboard, 600 kg / m3	0.11	0.13.	0.16.
DVP, chipboard, 800 kg / m3	0.13.	0.19.	0.23.
DVP, chipboard, 1000 kg / m3	0.15	0.23.	0.29.
Linoleum PVC pa kutentha masinthidwe, 1600 kg / m3	0.33
Linoleum PVC pa kutentha masitepe, 1800 kg / m3	0.38.
Linoleum PVC pa minofu, 1400 kg / m3	0,2	0.29.	0.29.
Linoleum PVC pa minofu, 1600 kg / m3	0.29.	0.35	0.35
Linoleum PVC pa nsalu ya nsalu, 1800 kg / m3	0.35
Ma sheet a Abetbec Flat, 1600-1800 kg / m3	0.23-0.35
Carpet, 630 kg / m3	0,2
Polycarbonate (ma sheets), 1200 kg / m3	0.16.
Polystyrebon, 200-500 kg / m3	0.075-0.085
Pogona, 1000-1800 kg / m3	0.27-0,63
Fiberglass, 1800 kg / m3	0.23.
Matayala konkriti, 2100 kg / m3	1,1
Ceramic tiles, 1900 kg / m3	0.85
Tile Pvc, 2000 kg / m3	0.85
Laimu mbale, 1600 kg / m3	0,7.
Mchenga wa Stucco Chuma, 1800 kg / m3	1,2

Nkhani pamutu: Siphon ya Makina Otsuka: Kodi ndibwino bwanji kusankha?

Wood ndi amodzi mwa zinthu zomangamanga ndi mawonekedwe otsika. Gome limapereka chidziwitso chodziwika bwino m'miyala yosiyanasiyana. Mukamagula, onetsetsani kuti mukuwona kachulukidwe ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu yamafuta. Si onse omwe ali, monga olembetsedwa m'makalata obwereza.

Dzina	Zogwirizana ndi zamanyazi
	Pouma	Ndi chinyezi chabwino	Wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri
Pine, First Lifers	0.09	0.14.	0.18.
Pine, Spruce pa ulusi	0.18.	0.29.	0.35
Nyengo limodzi ndi ulusi	0.23.	0.35	0.41
Oak amadutsa	0.10.	0.18.	0.23.
Mtengo wa Cork	0.035
Birch	0.15
Mtengo	0.095
Rabalusa zachilengedwe	0.18.
Mapuwe	0.19.
Lipo (15% chinyezi)	0.15
Mzych	0.13.
Wosadya	0.07-0.093
Koka	0.05
Parquet Oak	0.42.
Parquet chidutswa	0.23.
Pacquet Packer	0.17
Fili	0.1-0.26
Populala	0.17

Zitsulo zimanyamulidwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozizira popanga kapangidwe kake. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuti mulingalire, siyani kulumikizana mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zotenthetsera kutentha ndi ma gaskets, omwe amatchedwa matenthedwe. Mankhwala othandiza pazitsulo amachepetsedwa patebulo lina.

Dzina	Zogwirizana ndi zamanyazi		Dzina	Zogwirizana ndi zamanyazi
Chitsulo	1005		Chiwaya	202-236
Mtovu	282-390.		Chitsulo	97-111
Siliva	429.		Chitsulo	92.
Chitsulo	67.		Chitsulo	47.
Golidi	318.

Momwe Mungawerengere Khoma

Pofuna nthawi yozizira mnyumba panali kutentha, ndipo m'chilimwe chimazizira, ndikofunikira kuti nyumba zophimba (makoma, jenda, padenga) ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwina). Dera lililonse, mtengo wake ndi wake. Zimatengera kutentha komanso chinyezi m'dera linalake.

Kukana kwa mafuta kumateteza

Zolinga za madera a Russia

Pofuna kuti ndalama zotenthetsa zikhale zazikulu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kusankha zida zomangira ndi makulidwe awo kuti kukana kwathunthu kutengera kwa marmal sikumatchulidwa pagome.

Nkhani pa nkhaniyi: Sankhani washbasin bwino popereka

Kuwerengera kwa khoma, makulidwe a makulidwe, madera omaliza

Pa zomanga zamakono, zinthu zili ngati khoma likakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake, pali kuperewera, zomaliza. Imodzi mwa zigawozo zili ndi makulidwe ake. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kukula kwa makulidwe? Kuwerengera ndikosavuta. Malizitsani ku formula:

Njira yowerengera ndalama

R ndi kukana kwamafuta;

p - wosanjikiza makulidwe mu mita;

K ndi uku ndi uku.

M'mbuyomu amafunikira kusankha pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pomanga. Komanso, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa khoma lomwe lingakhale lokongoletsa, zokongoletsera, etc. Kupatula apo, aliyense wa iwo amathandizira kusokonekera kwamitundu, ndipo mawonekedwe a zinthu zomanga amathandizidwa pakuwerengera.

Choyamba, kukana kwamitundu ya zinthuzo kumaganiziridwa (komwe khomalo, chopitilira muyeso, etc.) Tidzamangidwa, kenako makulidwe osankhidwa "pamfundo yotsalira. Ndizothekabe kukumbukira mikhalidwe yokhazikika ya zinthu zomalizira, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala "kuphatikiza" kuchikulu. Umu ndi momwe katundu wina amakhala "wokha". Stock imakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa, zomwe pambuyo pake zili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa bajeti.

Chitsanzo cha kuwerengera makulidwe a kusokonekera

Tidzakambirana chitsanzo chake. Tipanga khoma la njerwa - mu theka njerwa, tidzatentha kwambiri michere. Pa tebulo, kukana kwa makoma kwa makoma a m'derali kuyenera kukhala osachepera 3.5. Kuwerengera kwa izi kukuwonetsedwa pansipa.

1. Poyambira, timawerengera kukana kwa njerwa za njerwa. Njerwa ya theka ndi 38 masentimita kapena 0,38 metres, malo opangira mafuta a njerwa zomangazi 0.56. Timaganizira molingana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa ili pamwambapa: 0.38 / 0.56 = 0.68. Kutsutsa kwamatenthedwe kotereku kuli ndi khoma la 1.5 njerwa.
2. Mtengo uwu ukuchotsera kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe a maderawo: 3,5-0.68 = 2.82. Kukula uku kumayenera kukhala "mtundu" wokhala ndi matenthedwe ndi matikiti omaliza.

   

   Zolinga zonse zophimba ziyenera kuwerengera

3. Timaganizira za ubweya wa ubweya wa mchere. Mafuta ake owoneka bwino ndi 0,045. Makulidwe osanjikiza adzakhala: 2.82 * 0.045 = 0.1269 m kapena 12.7 c kapena, kuwonetsetsa kuti ubweya ukulu uyenera kukhala osachepera 13 cm.

Ngati bajeti ili ndi zochepa, ubweya wa mchere ungatenge 10 cm, komanso zida zomaliza. Kupatula apo, iwo adzakhala ochokera mkati ndi kunja. Koma, ngati mukufuna kuti akauntiyo yatenthedwe kukhala yochepa, ndibwino kumaliza "kuphatikiza" pamtengo wokhazikika. Uku ndi kwanu nthawi yonse yotsika kwambiri, chifukwa miyezo yolimbana ndi kutentha komwe kumayesedwa kwa kutentha kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonda kwa zinthu zomanga zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kumaliza sikugwiritsidwa ntchito.