Njerwa sizikhala kutali ndi zaka za zana loyamba. Kuchokera pamenepo, nyumba zinamangidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana ngakhale ziwalo zadziko, zopanga njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zojambulajambula. Ndipo zinsinsi zambiri ndi mawonekedwe mwa ukadaulo weniweniwo, ndizotheka kumvetsetsa zonse. Choyamba muyenera kuzizindikira nokha ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mawu apamwamba, popanda zomwe sizingatheke kumvetsetsa zomwe tikukambirana. Kenako, sankhani njira zomangazi komanso mtundu wovala, kenako yambani kukula kwa maluso. Zovala zojambulidwa zimatha kuchitidwa ndi manja awo, osayipa kuposa a akatswiri. Chokhacho chomwe amateur chidzatayiratu ndikuthamanga. Magawo ena onse, malinga ndi ukadaulo, sizidzakhala zoyipa.
Mawu akulu
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi malingaliro a General. Ndi njerwa bwanji zikuwoneka ngati aliyense akudziwa kuti ndi wa chumi, koma pali silikate - nawonso. Koma izi ndi momwe zimatchedwa molondola nkhope ya nkhaniyi, osati ambiri akudziwa. Ndipo pofotokozera za ukadaulo wambiri, amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Njerwa amakumana ndi dzina: Pastel, spoons, ndodo
Nkhope yayikulu imatchedwa " pasal ", Pakati - mbali -" Showns ", Ndi yaying'ono -" Pampi«.
Miyezo ya njerwa, mwa mfundo, yokhazikika (250 * 125 * 66 mm - osakwatiwa ndi 250 * 85 * 85 * Pa nkhope iliyonse, ndipo ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, ngati mungaganizire kuchuluka kwa zidutswa. Chifukwa chake, musanayitanitsa phwando, ndikofunikira kuyeza zitsanzo kuchokera kumabwinja angapo kuti ukadaulo ukhale wopambana molondola.
Ndikofunikanso kulabadira ndi geometryry: Nkhope ziyenera kupezeka pa 90 °. Kupanda kutero, kuyendetsa katundu kumachitika, ndipo khoma limatha.
Mitundu ya Omanga
Makoma a njerwa amatha kuchita maudindo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, zimangomaliza, zina - zogawa, ndipo nthawi zina zimanyamula makoma. Amapita komwe akupita, komanso matenthedwe omwe amafunikira makoma, mtundu wa nsapato zasankhidwa:
- Ku Polkirpich. Nthawi zambiri amakumana. Makulidwe a khoma lotere ndi 125 mm. Kuti musunge, mutha kuyika nkhaniyo ndi ma spoons, kenako imatembenuka khoma mu kotala la njerwa. Pamene chipangizo cha izi (mu 1/2 kapena 1/4), Gridi yolimbitsa kwambiri imakhazikika mu mzere uliwonse wa 4-5. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja cha khoma ndikupanga kulumikizana kowonjezereka komwe kumakulitsa mphamvu ya masoka.
- Mu njerwa. Izi zitha kukhala kale magawo kapena makoma awiri onyamula nyumba zazing'ono. Khoma la pakhoma - 250 mm.
- Mu theka ndi theka, awiri ndi awiri ndi theka ali ndi makoma onyamula kale.
Mitundu ya nsapato: mu ullippich, mu njerwa, ndi theka ndi njerwa ziwiri
Kukoka ndi mayina a mndandanda
Ngakhale khoma la njerwa limapangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, ziyenera kugwira ntchito ngati monolith. Kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zowonjezereka, misozi yomwe ndi malo ofooka m'dongosolo lino, amapangidwa ndikusamuka. Akatswiri ang'onoamba amatcha phwandoli "kuvala". Amalumikiza ngati zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera katundu pamwamba.
Supuni ndi kugwedeza mizere mu zojambula
Kuonetsetsa kuti ma supuni ofunikira, njerwa zili munjira zosiyanasiyana:
- Ngati atembenukira kumbali ya kutsogolo kwa gawo laling'ono - tych, chiwerengero chotere chimatchedwa Tychkov;
- Ngati atembenukira ndi mbali yayitali - supuni - nambala yotchedwa Naskovoy.
Komanso, woyamba wa zomanga - pamaziko - pali kusiyana, amaliza zomangazi. Ndipo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa zolimba.
Bandeji imodzi yokha
Kusinthanitsa mizere yotere kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Njira yovala zotereyi imatchedwa mzere umodzi kapena chovala unyolo. Imakhala pamakoma omwe sanakonzekere kuti atsirizidwe: zikuwoneka bwino. Malinga ndi kachitidwe kotere, makoma onyamula ndi onyamula upangiri.Mapulani a Wall
Zitsanzo za khoma la njerwa imodzi mu 1.5 ndi 2 njerwa zimawonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe Mungapangire Kusuta
Bandeji imodzi yokha m'khoma la 1.5 ndi 2 houp
Pankhani ya kugona makoma awiri, mawu ena awiri amawonekera. Mndandanda wachiwiri wakunja sunanenedwe - Panja Kuongoleredwa kumsewu Chovala chamkati - kuchipinda. Kwa iwo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale, zinthu zabwino, makamaka kunyamula zomwe zimawalangizidwa kunja. Malo pakati pawo amatchedwa Othi . Popeza chinthu ichi chimatsekedwa kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chonde dziwani kuti ndi zomangazi, njerwa yaung'ono zikufunika: ma halves ndi atatu olimba. Atatu mwa anayi panjira yomwe idawoloka mtanda pamtanda, ma halves - mzere umodzi wa diagonal. Momwe mungapangire magawo oyandikana ndi makoma omwe adapangidwa m'njira yotere, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa patsamba ili pansipa.
Khoma loyandikana ndi kuvala kamodzi
Njira yamakona
Makona ngodya ndiyofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Malinga ndi njira, ngodyazo zimathamangitsidwa poyamba, chingwecho chimatambasulidwa pakati pawo, kenako khomalo limachitika molingana ndi chiwembucho. Koma woyamba kuyika ma ngolo, molondola momwe amatengera momwe amatengera momwe nyumba yonse idzakhalire. Kutalika kwa ngodya mu 1 njerwa ndi chovala chimodzi chokhacho chili. Kugona kumayamba ndi kukhazikitsa kwa zidutswa ziwiri zitatu, kenako pitani manambala.
Ngodya mu njerwa imodzi yokhala ndi chovala chimodzi
Machitidwe azomwe amayang'ana muvidiyo. Kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane ndi gawo lotsatira la njirayi.
Kachitidwe komweko, koma khoma la 1.5 njerwa. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo amafunikira 3/4 ndi malo. Mzere wowoneka bwino wamkati, ndiye pamwambo wakunja.
Conmeme: Makona mu theka la njerwa zokhala ndi mzere umodzi
Pamene chiwembuchi chikukhazikitsidwa muzochita, yang'anani mu kanema.
Mukayika ngodya za njerwa ziwiri mzere woyamba, zidutswa zonse ziwiri zomwezo zomwe zimafunidwa, ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zinayi kapena, monga akunena cheke. Mu yachiwiri - imodzi pa 3/4 ndi makapu awiri amafunikira kale.
Scheme: Kutangana m'mabatani awiri okhala ndi chovala chimodzi
Ma bandeji angapo
Ndi kavalidwe kangapo, mizere ingapo yambiri ndi 6 (kwa njerwa imodzi) kapena 5 (kwa nthawi imodzi) - yosakanizidwa ndi pampu imodzi. Woyamba ndi wotsiriza adayikanso tchipisi. Njirayi ndiyoyeneranso kugona panja ndi makoma a mkati. Okhawo omwe amakonzedwa nthawi zambiri pansi pa kuphitsa kapena kumaliza.Mapulani a Wall
Pofuna kuti dongosolo loterolo lotere, mizati yolekanitsa, mizere spoontote imamangidwanso. Kuonetsetsa kuti ma seams amagwiritsa ntchito njerwa zosweka.
Zovala nsapato ndi manja anu: Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ndi 2.5 njerwa
Kuyanjana kwa makoma ndi njirayi kumachitikanso ndi oyamba. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yoyandikira ma componer. Mapulogalamu - pa chithunzi pansipa.
Makoma oyandikana ndi makoma oyandikana nawo
Makondo ngodya
Komanso za momwe mungayike ngodya, koma kale ndi kavalidwe kambiri. Ngati khomalo mu njerwa imodzi, ngakhale mizere yosamvetseka (kupatula yoyamba) ndi yomweyo.
Mawonekedwe a ngodya za 1 njerwa ndi chovala cholumikizira
Zonsezi muwona mu kanema.
Khomalo ndi njerwa 1.5, mumizere yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi Tonchkovy, koma ili pafupi ndi kunja, ndiye mtunda wamkati. Mizere yachitatu ndi yachinayi imavala zopondapo.
1.5 njerwa zamiyala imagona mozungulira ndi kuvala pakati
Mzere wachisanu umayikidwanso kwa wachitatu, wachisanu ndi chimodzi - wachinayi. Kenako, kachitidweko kamabwerezedwa. Nthawi zina, osati mzere wambiri (wokhala ndi ziphe 5 za supuni), ndi njira zitatu. Kenako kuyambira mzere wachisanu wa clauus wobwereza.
Yankho la nsapato
Njerwa zimayikidwa panu ya simenti-Sandy. Simenti palibe wotsika kuposa M400, mchenga ndi woyera. Kuchuluka kwa mtundu wotchulidwa - 1 mpaka 4 (kwa m500 - 1: 5). Akupanga zamanja kapena ndi chosakanizira konkriti, koma dongosolo silisintha.
Choyamba, mchenga umayikidwa, chofunda chimawonjezeredwa kwa icho, chilichonse chowuma chimasakanikirana mpaka mtundu wa homogeneous umafika. Kenako madzi. Kuchuluka kwake kwa zinthu za 0.4-0.6, koma yang'anani pulasitiki ya yankho. Ndi yankho la pulasitiki, ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito yolimba, koma njerwa yofowoka ikagona pamenepa, yankho limachulukitsa kwambiri: chimadzaza zopanda pake: chimadzaza zopanda pake. Pankhaniyi, ndizothandiza kwambiri kupanga yankho lovuta.
Makina ojambula zithunzi amatengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu
Kusintha plasticity ndi ntchito yabwino, izo anawonjezera kuti zikuchokera laimu, dongo kapena detergent madzi (mungathe ndi sopo manja, muli flasks chachikulu). Chiwerengero cha zowonjezera chimakhala chaching'ono - osati zopitilira 0,1, koma mawonekedwe a yankho amasinthidwa kwambiri: ndizosavuta kuyiyika, sizimachepera.
Zolemba pamutu: Silicone khoma la ogwiritsa ntchito: momwe mungalumikizire nawo katekeri, momwe mungapangire velcro ndi zokongoletsera
Nthawi yomweyo ndimachenjeza kuti: Usadetse ma voliyumu akulu nthawi imodzi. Zotsika mtengo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola awiri. Ndipo mu maola osatha, zingakhale zovuta kugwira nawo ntchito: Kulekanitsidwa kwamadzi kumayamba, ndipo mwina mwina kuyamba kugwidwa. Zimatengera nyengo ya simenti ndi simenti ya simenti, kuchokera ku kutenthedwa. Ngati njerwa utagona ndi manja anu ndi zomwe mumakumana nazo kuchokera kuderali, kutuluka pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupanga gawo la yankho laling'ono.
Yankho lofanana
Nthawi zambiri, obwera kumene akukonzekera kuyika njerwa zomwe zimachitika: pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Popanda zowonjezera zapadera, ndizotheka kugwira ntchito ndi kutentha. Pamalo abwino, osatsika kuposa + 7 ° C. Cholowera pomwe simenti nthawi zambiri. Pamadzi ochepa, kulimba kolimba pafupifupi kumayambira, chifukwa chake, yankho limatha kutha, ndipo mphamvu ya khoma likhala lotsika. Kuchepetsa bar pali zowonjezera zapadera zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza, koma mtengo wa yankho lake uli kale: mtengo wazowonjezera izi ndi zochulukirapo.
Tech Masonry njerwa
Musanagwiritse ntchito, yankho lakelo limakudwitsidwa, popeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kugwa, ndipo madzi kukwera madzi. Njira yosakanikirana imagwiritsidwa ntchito chidebe ndikusamukira kuderalo, komwe amagawidwa. Nthawi yomweyo ikani mzere wa yankho - bedi - pamzere umodzi. Pansi pa bwalo lopindika likulu limodzi la 6-220 mm, la spoonful - 80-100 mm. Ngati msoko wadzazidwa kwathunthu, pafupifupi 10-15 mm akubwerera m'mphepete, njira yofunika kwambiri ndi 20-25 mm, yomwe, ikagona, imapereka mitsinje ya 10-12 mm. Musanakhazikitse njerwa, yankho limalumikizidwa ndi maselo.Pali njira zitatu zongokhalira. Pa yankho lolimba lokhalo limagwiritsa ntchito njirayo "Tiyeni". Nthawi yomweyo, seams imadzaza kwathunthu. Ngati wosanjikiza ndi pulasitiki, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "mkhalidwe".
Njira Yachiwerewere "Ikanikisoni"
Monga momwe analankhulira kale, njira iyi ya njerwa zamaso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yankho la pulasitiki. Iyenera kukhala yosunthika, yosavuta kuyitanitsa ndi kusunthidwa. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa powonjezera zowonjezera. Ndizotheka kuyandikira yankho nthawi yomweyo mpaka pakhoma: zowonjezera zimakulolani kuti mupititse nthawi isanachitike.
Bedi limakhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 20 mm, dongosolo la pafupifupi 15-20 mm zimatsalira m'mphepete. Chizindikiro chotere chimasunga kufinya kwa yankho la kutsogolo, koma nthawi yomweyo m'mphepete mwa seaams umakhala wopanda kanthu. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya khoma, chifukwa m'madera omwe ali ndi sealimaction, itaika mizere ya vest (kunja ndi mkati) ndizoletsedwa ndi njira ngati imeneyi.
Mukayika mzere wosakirana wotenga njerwa, ndikugwirizira ilo. Pofotokoza kale kuti mudagona kale, mtunda wa 8-10 masentimita Kuyamba kukweza njira yothetsera m'mphepete (Tych). Mukamajambula kuti msokowo wadzazidwa kale. Njerwa imalumikizidwa pang'ono (osazengereza), kukanikiza kuti igone. Zowonjezera zimachotsedwa ndi Kielma ndikuchoka kapena mumtsuko, kapena pakhoma.
Mason Masonryry njerwa "Rizitik"
Ndi njirayi nthawi zambiri imapezeka kuti ma seams osimbika amadzazidwa pang'ono. Chifukwa njira iyi imatchedwa "wopanda kanthu" wopanda "wopanda". Amadzaza mabedi ogona pamzere wotsatira. Ngati njirayo sinathebebe kwambiri, ndikudzaza ma seams abwino asanaike mzere wotsatirawu: kukhululuka kumachepetsa mphamvu ndi mikhalidwe yosasunthika.
Mukayika zokambirana zagonko, zonse zilinso, pokhapokha tingolimbitsa njira ndi nkhope yoonda. Nyumba yophera nyumba imakhazikika, ngati mizere ya matayala, kenako kukanikizidwa kanjedza. Ndikofunikira kuwunika miyala yonseyo. Amachitika mothandizidwa ndi gawo lomanga, ndipo chomaliza cha khoma chimayang'ana mizere iyi ya 3-4 iliyonse.
Njira "Tiyeni"
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi njerwa zotsika, zothetsera zolimba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhaniyi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi luso la njerwa "Tiyeni". Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikiranso kugwira ntchito.
Bedi limayikidwa mtunda wa 10 mm kuchokera m'mphepete, makulidwe amafalikira pafupifupi 20 mm. Popeza kupangidwa komweku kumatalika, kumaletsedwa ndi m'mphepete mwa chida choyika njerwa. Dzanja lamanzere limatenga njerwa ndikukanikiza ku Kelma, nthawi yomweyo kukoka. Pankhaniyi, pitilizani kuyika njerwa, kufunafuna makulidwe ofunikira a msoko (10-12 mm).
Nkhani pamutu: pampu yokakamiza zinyalala (ndi wowumitsa ndi wopanda) - Solift ndi mitundu ina
Njira "Yophunzitsira"
Zowonjezerazo zimasankhidwa ndi Clavma. Kukhazikitsa zidutswa zingapo, kutenga mulingo woyang'ana mozungulira mzerewo, ndikuwombera mfundo ya kelma kuwongola udindo. Yankho lofinya nthawi imeneyo. Imakhala yotambalala, koma njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali: kusunthira kwakukulu kumafunikira.
Kuwongolera ndi kutsitsa
Njira wamba yolosera ndikugwiritsa ntchito malowa a seams. Nthawi yomweyo, njira ya kama imapindidwa pafupi ndi m'mphepete (10 mm), monga momwe zomangawo zikutenga, ndipo njira yomangayi ikutenga, ndikuyika, ndikuyika zowonjezera. Ngati khomalo silinakonzedwe kuti lilekanitsidwa ndi mizere ingapo ndikofunikira kuti mutenge owonjezera - chida chapadera ndikupereka ma seams form form form form.Monga mukuwonera, uku ndi mtundu wa mawu owoneka bwino. Kugwira ntchito inali yosavuta, yankho limapangidwanso ndi chipitino cha "chapakatikati". Ngati ndi yamadzimadzi kwambiri, idzatuluka pakhoma, ndikusiya ng'oma, chifukwa imayenera kuwuma pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira.
Zovala zamitundu: Zida, dongosolo ndi mawonekedwe
Tsopano, momwe mungagwiritsire njerwa ndi manja anu omwe muli nawo, muyenera kukambirana za zochita za zochita komanso zokhudzana ndiukadaulo.
Mndandanda wa Zitsanzo za Toutraot
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chida. Tidzafunikira:
- Mason a Kelma - amafunsira ndikuchotsa njerwa;
- chosakanizira konkriti kapena thanki yodula;
- fosholo ya matomu - chifukwa chogwetsa komanso kusakaniza kwakanthawi;
- zidebe ziwiri mpaka zitatu za yankho;
- Tsina - onani makoma ofukula ndi ngodya,
- Mlingo womanga - kuti muwone zopingasa za mzere;
- Chingwe choizoni - kumenya magulu;
- Bokosi (la mawonekedwe akumuumba);
- Molotok-Kirk for the bwing ya njerwa zosalongosoka (ma halves, 3/4 ndi makapu - 1/4);
- Lamulo ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa osalala poyang'ana ndege ya khoma.
Werengani zambiri za mawonekedwe a ukadaulo. Choyamba: Musanagwiritse ntchito njerwa, njerwa ndizofanana. Chofunika kwambiri ndi nyengo yotentha. Kenako zidzakhala zopanda tanthauzo "chikoka" chinyontho kuchokera yankho. Ngati chinyontho sichikwanira, simenti sangathe kupeza mphamvu zofunika, zomwe zingakhudze kulimba kwa nyumbayo.
Choyamba, ngodya ziwiri zimathamangitsidwa, kenako zimalumikizidwa ndi mizere ingapo yamiyala.
Chachiwiri: Makona oyamba amachotsedwa. Choyamba ziwiri koyamba. Akukuluma mpaka 2-3 mizere ya njerwa pazosankhidwa. Kenako ngodya yachitatu imachotsedwa. Lachiwiri ndi lachitatu limalumikizidwanso ndi mizere ingapo yambiri. Pambuyo pa ngodya yachinayi ndipo ozungulira amatseka. Chifukwa chake iyenera kumangika ndi makoma, kudutsa mozungulira kuzungulira, m'malo motaya makhoma. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolakwitsa zambiri.
Chachitatu: Pali matekinoloje awiri olimba owongolera. Woyamba - misomali imayikidwa m'masonga a ngodya, zomwe zimamangidwa ndi ziphuphu. Iyenera kumangika kuti awone nkhope yapamwamba ya njerwa, komanso kuchepetsedwa kunja (ndipo ngati kuli kotheka) pamwamba pa khoma.
Chingwe chokwanira
Njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito matabwa kapena zitsulo. Uwu ndi chingwe kapena ngodya, pomwe makalata amagwiritsidwa ntchito 77 mm - zoopsa pamtengo kapena kudula pazitsulo. Amawona kukula kwa mzere: kutalika kwa njerwa +. Amayikidwa mothandizidwa ndi mabatani okwera mosamala, omwe amalowetsedwa mu msoko. Ngati ndi kotheka, amangochotsedwa pamwambapa.
Pali njira ina - ngodya ya maso. Ili ndi dzanja limodzi loti chimbudzi chayamba. "Kukhazikika" ndi ngodya pa yankho.
Kupaka ndi ngodya ya maso
Zovuta za njirayi ndizofanana ndikungolowetsa mu msoko: kutalika kwa mzerewo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi "pamanja" pomwe ngodya zitachotsedwa. Ndi kusowa kwa zokumana nazo (ndi komwe mungatenge, ngati zojambulajambulazo zimachitika ndi manja awo) ndizovuta. Kukhala ndi (kudzipanga nokha), dongosololi ndi losavuta.
Chachinayi: Kukonzekera njerwa zopanda vuto. Monga momwe mudaonera, ma halves, njerwa zitatu ndi zinayi ndi zikake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mukagona - 1/4 ya gawo. Pofuna kuti ntchitoyo isachepetse, muyenera kuwakonzekereratu musanagone. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi nyundo-kirk. Pokonzekera, kulondola kwambiri kumafunikira, tsankho lidzagulidwa. Kuwongolera kutalika kwakutali, kumapangitsa zikwangwani za kutalika kofanana ndi chogwirizira. Pokhala ndi chogwirizira ku njerwa, zimapangitsa kulembedwa mbali zonse ziwiri za supuni. Kenako, poika tsamba la Kirk kupita ku chizindikirocho, iwo amamenya nyundo pamtunda, kupanga acspons. Pogwira ma spoons onse awiri, phokoso lamphamvu la kirk limatsukidwa ndi njerwa.