Njira yokweza dongosolo la padenga imayamba ndi ntchito yokonzekera. Kudalirika komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kumadalira mtundu wa ma rafters.
Chipangizocho chidagunda padenga la zipinda zinayi.
Kukonzekera kwa makoma ndi pansi porlap
Chipangizo cha padenga la padenga limapereka pokonzekera makoma ndi kupitirira mnyumbamo. Izi zimafuna kuyesa makhoma ndi ngodya. Ngati ndi kotheka, mawonekedwewo amasainidwa. Kwa nyumba ya njerwa, banga la Sabata la simenti limagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha nyumba yamatabwa - ma gasketi apadera. Kukhazikitsa kwa kazembeyo kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zida: misomali, scrine, zolekanitsa, maburashi, mipiringidzo, mtengo, mulingo.
Ntchito yopanda madzi, zinthu zapadera zidzafunikira. Maurolat amaikidwa pamenepo. Zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera ngodya zosazungulira kuzungulira nyumba yonse. Maurlat, adakweza mpaka khomalo, si maziko a kapangidwe ka sporm.
Mawonekedwe a kukwera kwa ma rafter.
Dongosolo la Rabter lili ndi zotsatirazi:
- Ziweto. Amagwirizana ndi gawo la onyamula dongosolo.
- Miyendo yamasewera. Amapanga mawonekedwe ovala.
- Zolimba. Amamanganso kwa zinthu zakale.
Makonzedwe a kuzama amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera. Zinthu zaposachedwa zimayimiriridwa mu mawonekedwe a mipiringidzo yokhala ndi mtanda wa 50x20 mm. Magawo amasinthidwa kutengera nyengo. Kuti muwerenge gawo la bar, muyenera kudziwa:
- Okwera ma rafters;
- Mtundu wazinthu zomwe denga limakhala ndi zida.
Omanga amalangiza kuti asankhe zinthu zokonzekera dongosolo la rafter m'njira yoti katunduyo sapitirira 50 kg pa 1 m n. Chofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kapangidwe kake kameneka ndi chipale chofewa. Kuwerengetsa chizindikirochi pogwiritsa ntchito fomu yapadera:
F = p × pomwe f ndi chipale chofewa, P ndi kulemera kwa chipale chofewa pa 1 m, k ndi kolondola.
Kuwerengera katundu wa mphepo pachikuto, njira yotsatirayi ikugwiranso ntchito:
Zolemba pamutu: Mukufunikira kuti muyambe kukonzekera
V = r × pomwe v ndi katundu wa mphepo, r ndi chizindikiritso cha dera lolingana, k ndi zokwanira.
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA
Slinge system ya padenga la chipinda.
Dongosolo la rafter limayikidwa powerengera kulondola. Padenga lokweza 2 mipiringidzo mothandizidwa ndi nkhalango. Malekezero a mapazi am'mimba adzafunika kudulidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kupatsa malo okhazikika pa ziweto pa Mauerlat. Nthawi yomweyo, miyendo yopumira inali chizindikiro kotero kuti ndikosavuta kuyenda komweko.
Mapeto apansi amakhazikika momwemo. Izi zimalola kulumikizidwa pakati pawo, ndikupanga uchi ulepi. Kenako zinthuzo zimalumikizidwa ndi misomali. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, malekezero am'munsi amakhazikika. Mipiringidzo ikumwa pa 1/2 ya makulidwe awo.
Magulu otsala otsala amakonzedwa padziko lapansi. Chifukwa awa agwiritse ntchito template. Gawo lotsatira limapereka mipiringidzo yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri za kutsogolo kwa khoma. Zomangira zimaphatikizidwa ndi misomali ya Mauerlat. Kuwongolera kwa malire ndi kapangidwe kake kolongoletsa kumaperekedwa chifukwa cha chingwe pakati pa 2 kuyika awiriawiri. Nthawi zina, sinthani kutalika kwa nthunzi yokwera. Kuti muchite izi, ndizofunikira kuyika mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono okwera pansi pa mipiringidzo.
Gawo la kapangidwe ka 70 cm. Sinthani gawo ili lingakhale mothandizidwa ndi bolodi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imakhomedwa pamwamba pa miyendo yakumanzere ndi kumanja. Ngati pali gawo lalikulu, likhale lofunikira kulimbikitsanso kapangidwe. Chifukwa izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mipiringidzo yopingasa - yolimba. Zikatero, awiriawiri amalumikizidwa ndi bolodi yopingasa pamalopo pa skate. Njira yofananira imapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Mphindi zofunika pokhazikitsa dongosolo la rafter
Kupepuka kwa kasupe kumapangidwa ndi matabwa olumikizidwa. Bungwe lirilonse limadulidwa kutalika komwe mukufuna. Pokonzekera, misomali, mtedza ndi ma studio okhala ndi ziweto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pofuna kupewa kuwongolera, mudzafunika kulumikiza ndi skate.
Gawo lotsatira limapereka mawonekedwe a manyuchi. Zovala zosakwanira kuti makonzedwe a ziwonetserozo akuwonjezereka ndi njira yopanga. Chifukwa izi zimagwiritsa ntchito matabwa - amapha. Kutalika kwa bolodi kuyenera kukhala kopitilira 40 cm. Omangamanga amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma board awa 60 cm. Pafupifupi zitha kukhala zochepa kuposa nthawi yokwanira.
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"Mare" amalumikizidwa kuti ayake misomali. Izi zidalemekeza lume. Kudzaza, chigamba chimafunikira. Ngati ma eaves aikidwa, zomangirazi zikukhazikitsidwa kwa Mawierlat. Pachifukwa ichi, zingwe zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatembenukira kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa miyendo ya rafter. Mzere umalumikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka misomali kapena zomata omwe kuya kwa 30 cm. Technology yotereyi imalepheretsa denga la padenga lokhala ndi nyengo yovuta. Mzere ungalowe m'malo ndi waya wachitsulo, makulidwe ake omwe amaposa 6 mm.