Woyambitsa injini
Kukhazikitsa kwa injini zamagalimoto nthawi yachisanu nthawi zina kumatha kusintha vuto. Magaziniyi ndikuthandiza kwambiri pa zida zamphamvu zaulimi za mabizinesi azaulimi, ntchito zam'manja zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito pansi pazinthu zosungirako. Izi sizingachitike ngati othandizira amagetsi adzakhala pafupi, omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi wayilesi AMVELA AMVERANI.
Chipangizo choyambira chamtunduwu chidapangidwa molingana ndi malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa mu "Gawo Loyambira" (I.PE. Zodzikongoletsera. "M.95 - 96). Mayeso oyamba awonetsa kuti ndizotheka kutchula chida choyambira ndi kangapo. Itha kugwira ntchito mu "ndudu yopepuka", i.e. Pamodzi ndi batire lagalimoto, chifukwa chake zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuti muitane ndi chida choyambira komanso choyambira. Pakutentha kochepa, injiniyo imayamba inkayenera kuchitika m'magawo awiri:
- Kukonzanso batire kwa masekondi 10-20;
- Kuphatikiza "kukwezedwa" kwa injini.
Nthawi zonse zovomerezeka za chozungulira choyambira zidakhalapo 3-5 masekondi, kenako kutsika. Ngati injini sinayambe kuyambira kuyesa koyamba, ndinayenera kubwereza chilichonse choyamba. Chifukwa chake, kangapo. Njirayi siongoganiza chabe, koma osafunikira pazifukwa ziwiri:
kumabweretsa kuwononga koyambira ndi kuvala kokwezeka;
Kuchepetsa moyo wa batri (nthawi yozizira, mafunde oyambira a magalimoto okwera akufika 250 A. Amapangitsa kuphatikizika kwa mabala, kusinthidwa kwa zinthu, etc.).
Ndipo mfundoyo pano sikuti kubatiza kokonzanso komwe si "osati chatsopano chatsopano". Monga momwe amadziwika kuchokera ku mabuku (n.M. Ilin, YuF.Laev, V.Yaev, 1982), kutentha kwa ma electrolyte kokha. Chombo chovotacho chimatsimikizika kuti pa kutentha kwa ma electrolyte + 25 ° C. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, mawidwe a electrolyte amawonjezeka, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa chidebe cha 1% pa kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale batri yatsopano yokonzanso nyengo yozizira imataya mawonekedwe ake.
Mutha kupewa zovuta izi pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya chipangizo choyambira ndiyokwanira nokha (popanda thandizo la batri) ya kuyamba kwa galimoto yozizira. Izi zikuwonjezeranso moyo wa batri.
Tiyeni tiyesetse, pafupifupi, dziwitsani magawo a chipangizo chotere. Monga amadziwika kuchokera ku Mabuku [1], poyambira, kugwira ntchito kwa batri:
IR = 3 × c20, ndipo
komwe C20 ndiye wovota wa batri (AHI). Magetsi pa Starter Mode pa betri iliyonse sangakhale ochepera 1.75 V. Chifukwa chake. Patsamba 12 volt:
Ur = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
komwe ur ndi magetsi ochepera kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi oyambira, v.
Chifukwa chake mphamvu yoperekedwa kwa woyambitsa:
PCT = ur × IP, W.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati batire imayikidwa pagalimoto yokwera 6 St-60, mphamvu yomwe imaperekedwa poyambira idzakhala:
PCT = 10,510 = 1890 (W).
Kupatula lamuloli ndi batire 6 st-55, yomwe ndi yoyambira yomwe ili: IP = 255 A, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa woyambitsa zitha kukhala:
PCT = 10.5 VE 255 A = 2677.5 W.
Kugwiritsa ntchito deta 1 deta, mutha kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muyambe mgalimoto iliyonse. Ndi mphamvu iyi, ma fraquency iyi ya crankshaft yaperekedwa (40-50 rpm - ya injini ya carburetor ndi 80-120 rpm - kwa dizilo), yomwe imatsimikizira injini zodalirika.
N / n. | Mtundu wa Starter | Mphamvu, KW | Ovota magetsi | Odzimbidwa ndi injini | Mtundu wa batri | Powerformer Ourger Wormer Mphamvu, KW |
chimodzi | St 230A, ST 230B, ST230K. | 1,03. | 12 | Magalimoto "Volga", Gaz-53, Gaz-66, Zil-130. | 60-60 65-75 65-75 60. | zinai 4.5 4.5 zisanu |
2. | Art 221. | 1.25. | 12 | "Vaz" | 65-55 | zinai |
3. | St 117a. | 1,18 | 12 | "Moskvich" | 65-55 | zinai |
zinai | St 222a. | 2,2 | 12 | Thirakitala T-16, T-25, T-30. | 2 × 6st-150 | 6. |
zisanu | Art 142. | 7,73. | 24. | Magalimoto "Kamaz", "Maz", "Kraz", "Zil-133 GI" | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
6. | St 103a-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Thirakitala "Kirovets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
Nkhani pamutu: Kukhazikitsa pawokha kwa mtundu woyimitsidwa
Zofananira pagome la data No. 1 ndikuwerengetsa pamwambapa, mutha kudziwa zambiri:
- Kwa magalimoto ambiri okwera, mphamvu zenizeni zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa Starer zimapitilira mphamvu (zopewera) pofika 2-2.5 nthawi ndi izi:
1900 ≤ Pct ≤ 2700 [w];
- Kwa magalimoto okhala ndi injini za Carburetetor, chisonyezo ichi chitha kukhala chokwera kwambiri:
2400 ≤ Pct ≤ 3310 [w];
- Kwa magalimoto okhala ndi injini yaidelo:
PCT = 2 · 107,500 = 11970 [w],
(Ali ndi mabatire awiri 6 st - 190 akuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda).
Mukamawerengera otsitsa oyambira, ndikofunikira kuganizira zotayika pa block, amapereka mawaya, malo ophunzitsira oyankhulirana olumikizira olumikizira komanso mawu oyambitsa. Monga momwe adafotokozera, mphamvu ya kusinthitsa kutsika kwa chipangizo choyambira pagalimoto yokwera sikuyenera kukhala kochepera RTR = 4 KW.
Dongosolo limatengedwa monga limafotokozedwera mu [2], koma ndi chosinthira kwambiri T1. (Wonani mkuyu. 1).
Nkhuyu.1 scheme imodzi yoyambira.
Mu wolemba, wotsatsa wotsika adapangidwa pachimake cha tornoidakar kuchokera ku STATROR ya Motor yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yowotchera ndi mphamvu 5 kw. Zambiri zimawoneka ngati izi:
Sct = 27 cm2, sct = a × b (sct - malo a maginiti a Magnetilic mtanda, cm2)
(Wonani mkuyu. 2).
Mkuyu. 2 A, B Magnetic Line
Chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa 1 mu voliyumu yamagetsi idawerengeredwa ndi formula:
T = 30 / ss
Chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa chimphepo choyambirira cha wosinthira chinali:
W1 = 220- 70/22 = 244;
Chiwiri Kukunda:
W2 = w3 = 16 · t · t · t · t · t · t · · t. 2/27 = 18.
Kuwala koyambirira kuli kovuta ndi Pttv Ø 2,12 mm, yachiwiri ndi tayala la aluminium ndi gawo la 36 mm2. Sinthani SA1 Mtundu wa AE - 1031 (ndi chitetezo chopondera) kwa a Diodies apano 25. Diodies vd1, VD2 mtundu D161-250.
Matalikidwe a maginito am'kati mwa travel volimer VM = 1.7 t .. Kufalikira kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'makhalidwe a VM kumafikira zomwe zilipo za IXX = 3.5 a, zomwe zimachepetsa transformu yothandiza. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira zochitika izi. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Maphunziro Oyambirira Kumapeto kwa Transformer I1 panthawi yokonza imatha kufika pa magetsi 18-20 a, ndikupangitsa 220 v, osati 220 v, ndi 200 V. imayikidwa panjira yoyambirira yosinthira. Amachepetsa mtengo wa VM ndipo palibe idle zamakono, zomwe zimawonjezera transformu yogwira ntchito panthawi yoyambira.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuwerengetsa pawokha magawo a wosinthika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maluso otsatira mu [2], [3].
Malangizo angapo pakukonzekera kwa torotal. Chizindikiro chomwe adayang'aniridwa ndi galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yopanda zotsala zamphepo. Mothandizidwa ndi chiselo chakuthwa komanso nyundo yodula mano. Izi sizovuta kuchita. Chitsulo chofewa, koma muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi achitetezo ndi mittens. Kenako kuchokera ku zitsulo za zitsulo Ø 7-8 mm kukonzekera mabatani awiri a P-Scoreff kuti Comffurfund Core idzalumikizidwa ndi maziko apansi. Malekezero onse awiriwa, mabatani amadula ulusi pansi pa mtedza wa M6. Kuchokera pa riboni wachitsulo, makulidwe a 3-4 mm ndi m'lifupi mwake 18-20 mm, cholumikizika cha 2 mophiphiritsa, konzani zolimbitsa thupi. Mphepete mwa mbale ya P-yopangidwa ndi ma c-malirime okwera masentimita 5-8, pomwe chidacho chidzalumikizidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, mabowo a Ø mm amaima mu "malirime". Zidutswa ziwiri ndi zitsulo za chogwirira zimakutidwa ndi nsalu zophatikizika ndi epoxy zotumphukira mkati mwa tor toiroid: chogwirizira pamwamba, mabrakeni pansi patali ndi wina ndi mnzake. Pakatikati yonse imaphimbidwanso ndi zigawo chimodzi kapena ziwiri zaminyewa zophatikizidwa ndi epoxy stun. Pambuyo kuyanika epoxy unin, yambani kuwononga mphepo. Choyambirira choyambirira chikuwunikira koyamba, makamaka kugawa mozungulira mozungulira. Pambuyo pochita chipata choyambirira, wosinthira umaphatikiza ma network ndikuyeza zomwe zilipo, zomwe siziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Kutembenuka kumayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu IXX gawo loyambira.
Nkhani pamutu: Kodi ndizotheka kumenya bwalo lamiyendo ndi guluu wa vinyl
Musanafike kachiwiri mu gawo lachitsulo la chogwirira, dzenjelo likuwumitsidwa ndi dzenje pansi pa bolt, yomwe ikhale yotulutsa pakati pa mphepo komanso nthawi yomweyo "zabwino". Ma diresi okongoletsa omwe akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzicho chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za chipangizocho chimangoti chimango chokhazikika, komanso mtundu wa kutentha kwamiyala popanda ma penti a dielectric.
Mapeto a semiotock yachiwiri ndi yolumikizidwa ndi "zabwino", kutembenukira kumagawidwa konse mbali zonse za pakati. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nyundo yamatabwa.
Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi kuwotcherera konzani konzekerani maziko. Pazinthu izi, zitsulo zitsulo Ø 10 mm zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumbali imodzi ya chimango pa aluminiyamu kapena copper mbale ndi makulidwe a 3-4 mm, kukonza ma dodites omangika. Apa bowo limabowodwa pansi pa bolt ya m12, yomwe idzagwira ntchito ngati chipangizo cha "minus". Kumbali ina ya chimango, gawo la malasha limayikidwa ndipo switch switch imalumikizidwa ndi icho.
Tsopano za mawaya olumikiza wolemba Starter. Osasamala kulikonse popanga iwo "amachepetsa" zoyesayesa zanu zonse. Onetsani mwachitsanzo. Lolani kukana kwa rpr ya njira yonse yolumikizira kuchokera koyambira kudzakhala kofanana: rpd = 0,50 ohs, ndiye povyolo yam'madzi kudzakhala:
UPR = ip · Rirpt = 250 A = 0.01 OM = 2.5 v;
Kutayika kwamphamvu pa mawaya:
RPR = Upr · IP = 625 W.
Zotsatira zake, magetsi sakhala 14 v, koma 11.5 v, omwe sichadi, ndi osayenera kuyamba mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, kutalika kwa mawaya olumikizira ayenera kukhala ochepa momwe mungathere (l ≤ 1.5 m), ndi malo okhala pamtanda, monganso (SP ≥2). Mawaya ayenera kukhala mkuwa wamitundu yambiri m'matumba a mphira. Kuti mumveketse, kulumikizana ndi woyambitsa kumapangidwa ndi ma clamp matomi omata kapena amphamvu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma elekitor okhazikika pamakina otchera. Mtundu wa Staliese woyambitsa umodzi umawonetsedwa mu mkuyu.3.
Mkuyu.3 General General of Chida chimodzi choyambira.
Njira yokhazikika yowerengera chipangizo choyambira ndi chilengedwe chonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito injini za mphamvu iliyonse. Tidzawonetsa izi mwachitsanzo cha yoyambira St-222 A, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makodi a T-16, T-30, T-30 Vladimir chomera.
Zambiri Zokhudza St-222 Woyambitsa:
Voltose yovota - 12 v;
Mphamvu zovota - 2.2 KW;
Mtundu wa batri wa batri - 2 × 3st-150.
Chifukwa chake:
IRE = 3 · c20 = 3 · 150 A = 450 A,
Mphamvu yoperekedwa kwa woyambitsa zidzakhala:
PCT = 10.5 kh · 450 A = 4725 W.
Popeza kutaya mphamvu:
Rp = 1-1.3 kW.
Mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu:
RTR = PCT + RP = 6 KW.
Gawo la mtanda wa maginisi a Magnetic Sct = 46-50 masentimita. Kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu kwamphepo kumatenga kofanana:
J = 3 - 5 A / MM2.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kwa chipangizo choyambira (masekondi 5-10) kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito mu ma network omwe ali ndi intaneti. Kwa oyambira amphamvu kwambiri, kusinthana kwa chipangizo choyambitsa kuyenera kukhala gawo la atatu. Tidzanena za zikhulupiriro zake pachitsanzo cha chida choyambira dizilo lamphamvu "Kirovets" (K-70, K-701). STREERS ST-103a-01 ili ndi mphamvu yovota ya 82 v
Nkhani pamutu: Makatani odzikongoletsera ochokera kwa bamboo do nokha
RTR = 16 - 20 kw.
Kuwerengetsa kosavuta kwa gawo la magawo atatu kumachitika poganizira malingaliro omwe aperekedwa [3]. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ochepetsa mafakitale, mtundu wa TMOB-63, wolumikizidwa ndi magetsi atatu a 380/220 v ndi serfiger amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa pamoto, m'nyumba za nyama, nkhumba ndi t .. Masinja omwe amayambitsa paulendo wosinthira atatu ali motere (onani Chithunzi 4).
Chipangizo choyambira cha mkuyu oyambitsa gawo atatu.
MP ndi mtundu wa pml-4000, PM-4000, kapena iwo omwe ali ofanana ndi iwo pakusintha zida zosinthira 20 kw. Pad Bat Sv1 Type Ku-121-1, Ku-122-1m, etc.
Dongosolo la gawo la magawo atatu la Alpapid limagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi woti mupewe magetsi ochulukirapo a 36 V. Mtengo wake wowonjezereka amafotokozedwa chifukwa cha zingwe zazitali zolumikizira Starter (kwa zida zazikulu zokhazikika? 4 m). Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira mbali zitatu kumapereka mwayi wowonjezereka kwa magetsi omwe akufuna. Mtengo wake ukhoza kusinthidwa, kuphatikiza "nyenyezi", "Triangle" ikuwomba, ikani masitepe amodzi kapena ozungulira (arsiov masikono) owongola.
Pomaliza, mabungwe angapo ndi malingaliro:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthidwe kwa toroidal kukwirira kwa gawo limodzi sikumangotanthauza ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo abwino kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ukadaulo wa kupanga wawo ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri.
- Kuwerengera kwa chosinthira cha chipangizo choyambira chili ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kuwerengetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa osinthika mpaka 1 mu voliyumu yogwiritsira ntchito: T = 30 / sst, kumafotokozedwa ndi chidwi chofuna kuwononga chuma. Izi ndizoyenera ndi mtundu wake waufupi (5-10) wogwira ntchito. Ngati kukula sikugwira ntchito yosankha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopumira kwambiri powerengera formula: t = 35 / ss. Gawo la mtanda wa maginito limatengedwa ndi 25-30% zina.
- Mphamvu yomwe imatha "kuchotsedwa" kuchokera ku Toronal core yomwe ilipo, pafupifupi ofanana ndi kuwongoleredwa ndi mota yamagetsi yamagetsi itatu, komwe maziko awa amapangidwa. Ngati mphamvu ya injini siikudziwika, itha kuwerengedwa ndi njira:
Rdv = susta ·
komwe ndv ndi mphamvu ya injini, W; Ѕst - dera la magnetilic pamtanda, cm2 set = a × mu ѕok - malo awindo la mapaignetic, cm2 (onani mkuyu. 2)
Ѕok = 0,7855555
- Pachiyambi chosinthira ku maziko a maziko amakhazikika ndi mabatani awiri a P-Sharing. Mothandizidwa ndi shiib yolimbikitsira, ndikofunikira kupewa mawonekedwe a ndalama zotsekeka ndi khomo lopangidwa ndi bulaketi yokhala ndi chimango.
- Poganizira kuti magetsi owoneka bwino mu chipangizo cha magawo atatu apamwamba pamwamba 28 v, injiniyo imayamba imachitika motsatira:
1. Lumikizani nkhupakutu zoyambira ndi zotuluka.
2. Woyendetsa amaphatikiza woyambitsa.
3. Wothandizira amasindikiza batani la Ov1 ndipo pambuyo pa ntchito yokhazikika ya injini imachotsa nthawi yomweyo.
- Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo champhamvu choyambira mu mtundu wokhazikika malinga ndi zofunikira za TB, ziyenera kukhala zotsalira. Mphamvu za nkhupakupa zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zotupa za mphira. Pofuna kupewa chisokonezo, mawu akuti "abwino" ndi ofunikira kukwatira, mwachitsanzo, tepi yofiira.
- Mukayamba batri, simungathe kutsutsana ndi woyambitsa. Pankhaniyi, nkhupakupa zimaphatikizidwa ndi mathero oyenera a batri. Kuti mupewe kukonzanso batire, chida choyambira mutayamba injini limasakanizidwa.
- Kuti muchepetse kufalitsa maginito, yachiwiri yomwe imasinthiratu ndibwino kuti iyake pachimake, kenako ndikuvulaza chimphepo choyambirira.
Mabuku:
N.m. Ilyin, yu.l. Timofeev, v.ya. Vanyaev. Zida zamagetsi zamagalimoto. M: kunyamula, 1982
I.p. Ma shelests. Wayilesi yaziilesi yamtengo wapatali. Buku 1, m.: Solomo 1998.
I. Nicoforov. Kuwerengera kosavuta kwa wosinthira ma netiweki. Wailesi, 2000, No. 10, p. 39.
Tractor "Kirovets", K-701, K-700 A. Kufotokozera kwaluso ndi buku la malangizo. M.: Trasitoxportxport.
V. Mouzas. Epicturuscat. Makina Amidzi, 1988, No. 4, p. 23-24.