Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti thonje anali wachuma zaka zopitilira 5,000 zapitazo . Shrub, yomwe imapanga mabokosi odzaza ndi ulusi wofewa, umakula m'magawo adziko lonse lapansi. Zogulitsa thonje zidagulitsidwa ku Europe motsogozedwa ndi dzina la Arabic Dan Qutun (nsalu yokongola). Mawu awa adasinthidwa kukhala thonje ndikukhala mu English Servinment ndi ulusi wa thonje ndi zida zozikika pa iwo.
Mbiri ndi Tenemalogy
Mitundu yoyamba ya nsalu ya thonje idapangidwa ku India. Ku Europe ndi Rus, adagwa kuchokera kutali ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali anali okwera mtengo kwambiri. Mu zaka za zana la XIX, chifukwa cha kupanga mawonekedwe a fakitale, ku Stateria, Satin, ngozi, zida zina ndi zinthu zina zidakhala zazikulu. Iwo anali ogwirizana ndi dzina wamba "nsalu za thonje".
Mawu oti "thonje", amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ndi mayiko. Vuto lalikulu, limanena za zida zonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ulusi wonyamula katundu wokhawo (womwe umawonetsedwa pa compunity lode - thonje 100%).
Pakadali pano, zolemba izi ndizofala kwambiri komanso zoposa theka la msika wapadziko lonse. Kuchuluka kwake konse kumawerengeredwa pamatumbo 25 miliyoni pachaka.
Mu lingaliro lopapatiza, thonje limatchedwa kuti nsalu zowirikiza ndi zovala, komanso nitaniya. Nthawi yomweyo, mawuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi zophatikizika. Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira — Thonjeni ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zimapatsa chinsalu chokhoza kutambasula, ndipo zovala zokhomedwa ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino, koma nsalu ngati izi sizingatchulidwe zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pakugula, nthawi zonse muyenera kusamala ndi dzina la nkhaniyo, komanso mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka zikuluzikulu za izo.
Zolemba pamutu: Mapepala a MINCOMI MINAMET YA PANSI: Njira, Momwe mungapangire ndi zithunzi ndi makanema
Gulu la nsalu ya thonje
Makhalidwe akuluakulu omwe zida zogawika zimagawika m'magulu kuti:
- Njira yopezera ulusi (chisa, mtima, drdiare);
- kuchulukitsa;
- Mtundu wa kumaliza.
Khalidwe labwino kwambiri lili ndi ulusi wophatikizika wa thonje lalitali lalitali, lomwe limadziwika ndi mphamvu ndi kusalala. Mafinya a mitundu yotsika amathandizidwa - Chithandizo ndi Soda yankho, zomwe zimawongolera katundu wawo, imawalitsa, komanso imathandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a nsalu yomalizidwayo imatha kusintha ndi ulesi, wolumikizidwa, wopanda moto woletsa madzi, etc. Kufanana Kwambiri Zaziminitsi - kuyambira 60 mpaka 180 cm.
Mwa njira yomalizira, thonje kungakhale:
- wankhanza (kuchokera kwa ulusi wosafunikira);
- kuphatikizidwa;
- chosalala;
- Melange ndi unyinji wopangidwa (kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana);
- kusindikizidwa.
Mukagulitsa, nsalu ya thonje imawerengedwa ndi cholinga chake. Magulu akulu ndi awa:
- Lounge (Hawk, Cavolas, Madapolam, chiffon, etc.);
- Dreselo adang'ambika (Atz, Satin , Caucasus, poplin, Scotland, etc.);
- madiresi owala (omenyedwa, arquiset, chophimba, a crepe);
- Nthawi yachisanu (pepala, njinga, Flonel);
- denim;
- terry;
- mulu (velvet, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya velvet);
- Chovala chokwera mtengo (diagoonal, coleskin, Rez, Rogozi, ndi zina);
- Chingwe (chenkur, sirtah);
- matiresi (Mafunso);
- Mipando (tapestry, jakitala), etc.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti magawano awa ndiofunika. Mwachitsanzo, thonje — Satin, yosiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba komanso zowoneka bwino, gwiritsani ntchito zovala, nsalu zamkati, zamkati, ndi zingwe, etc. Opanga zakunja nthawi zambiri amapereka katundu wa thonje mayina, motero za gululi limatha kuweruzidwa malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kachulukidwe.
Zabwino ndi zovuta
Kuphatikizika kwa thonje kumaphatikizapo ma cellulose oyera ndi madzi ochepa. Izi zimapangitsa mawonekedwe monga:- kuyamwa koyenera kwa chinyezi (mpaka 12% ya kulemera kwake);
- Kuyanika;
- Hypollergenicity;
- Kutha kuyamwa utoto, mafuta ndi zina;
- zofewa;
- kusowa kwa kuwonongeka kwa Microflora (mu mawonekedwe owuma) ndi tizilombo;
- Kukhazikika kwa mpweya;
- osalowerera ndale mogwirizana ndi ma alkaline;
- kuthekera kosatha kutentha;
- kukana ku kutentha kwambiri;
- Kuthamangitsidwa kuzengereza.
Zolemba pamutu: Wotseguka wotseguka bulawuke wa crochet wokhala ndi matalala 3/4
Mbali yosafunika ya thonje ndi kukhazikika kwake kwamphamvu komanso shrinka ndi madzi ophikira madzi otentha. . Katundu wake uyenera kudziwika kuti amveke, makamaka nsalu yowoneka bwino, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa ulusi womwe ulipo ndi zitsamba, kuphatikizapo zipatso. Komabe, mwachilengedwe, chitonthozo, ukhondo wa thonje umathandizira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu.
Gulu la minofu iyi, kuyambira pa bata losavuta ndikutha ndi ma satein okwera mtengo ndi matteri, ali padziko lonse lapansi komanso otsika mtengo. Ndizabwino kwa mibadwo yonse ndikuthandizira kupanga chithunzi kapena mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Ndikofunikira kuti zinthu ngati izi ndizosavuta kwambiri pochititsa chidwi komanso kusochera, ngakhale amisili samisiri a Novice sangathane nawo.
Vuto linanso limatha kuyimira zovala zoyenera pa chithunzi, pankhani ya zowonjezera mu nsalu za nsalu, vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta.
Chisamaliro chosavuta komanso chothandiza
Ngakhale kuti osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, malamulo omwe amasamalira zinthu zoyera a thonje amagwirizana. Kusankha kwa ulamuliro wotentha ndi kosiyana, komwe kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo awa:
- Kwa minyewa yopyapyala ndi utoto, kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 40;
- Pa zopentedwa zopendekeka, zosindikizidwa ndi zopindika, mutha kusankha madigiri 60;
- zoyera, makamaka ansangu, imalekerera mokhazikika komanso njira zamakina otentha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bulichi;
- Zinthu zosungunuka kwambiri zimachotsedwa pa madzi ozizira, ndipo kutsuka komaliza, viniga imawonjezedwa kumadzi.
Tisanatsuke, muyenera kuyang'ana bwino zinthuzo ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchotse madontho omwe alipo, omasuka ndikuyeretsa matumba ndi mbewa, kutembenuzira chingwe mkati. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika ma spenthetics ndi thonje mu Drum. Nsalu yopepuka ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse.
Thonje amalekerera bwino kuchapa ndi mitundu yozungulira. Pouma, zinthu zimayikidwa kunja chakunja. Ndikwabwino kupewa dzuwa mwachindunji, lomwe limatha kupatsa chikondwerero cha nsalu yoyera ndikuchepetsa kuwala kwa utoto. Ndife osafunika kudula zinthuzo, zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndikukulunga pansi pa atolankhani.
Nkhani pamutu: chilichonse chopatsa mitengo yawo: malingaliro a m'munda ndi dimba ndi chithunzi
Chitsulo chimachitika mu "thonje", ngati kuli kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito monyongero monyowa kapena madzi owaza. Pafupi ndifunika kuti muziziziritsa pachibwenzi ndikungoyika m'chipindacho. Sitiyenera kuvala momasuka pambuyo pa chinthu chachitsulo, lituluka mwachangu. Ma bafuta ogona ndi nyumba amapindidwa bwino ndi stack ndikusiyirani kwakanthawi, pambuyo pake amachotsedwa pa alumali kapena pojambula pachifuwa.