Clock-Concrete block ndi nkhani yomanga. Imapangidwa kuchokera ku simenti, madzi ophwanyika, mchenga ndi pulasitiki, ndi ufa wa aluminiyamu umawonjezeredwa ngati chinthu chopanga mpweya. Konkriti yolumikizidwa imapangidwa pokhapokha pazida zapadera mufakitale. Ndikotheka kumanga nyumba kuchokera kwa konkire.
Nyumba kuchokera ku mabatani a konkriti - PLUSAS komanso Cons
Konkriti yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomanga mafakitale ndi nyumba. Ili ndi kulemera kochepa (osakwana makilogalamu 30), ndipo njerwa 30 zitha kusintha njerwa 30. Pangani nyumba kuchokera ku mabatani a konkriti ndi manja anu.
Makhalidwe Abwino:
- Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kokongo, malo osokoneza bongo ali ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso malo abwino;
- zopangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zosaphatikizidwa, moto wamoto;
- ali ndi chisanu chisanu ndi moyo wautumiki wautumiki;
- Pamiyezo ya chilengedwe, konkriti yokhazikika imawonedwa ngati zotetezeka;
- Sizikuvunda, mapangidwe a nkhungu, monga momwe amapangidwira mchere wambiri;
- Ndikofunika kukonza, ndikosavuta kumanga nyumba ya kapangidwe kake ndikupanga chitseko kapena pawindo loos;
- Chifukwa cha kulemera kochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito maluso okweza sikofunikira;
- Osati kuwonongedwa kuchokera ku misewu ya ultraviolet ndi mpweya;
- Zolemba Zamoto - Mukamatenthedwa ndi dzuwa, chipinda mkati sichikukunjenjemera, ndipo nthawi yozizira sichisuntha;
- Kutsiriza kunja kapena kutsimikizira kutentha kumachitika kutengera nyengo ndipo sikofunikira.
Zinthu zosagwirizana ndi kutentha zimatengera khoma makulidwe komanso mtundu wa konkriti. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la D600 ndi m'lifupi 20 cm ali ndi chizindikiro cha 0.71 w / mu · k cm - 0.45 w / 0.34 W / M · Ngati D400 mtundu wa D400 wagwiritsidwa ntchito: 20 cm - 0.50 w / mu ·.31 W / mu ·.2 WM, 40 cm.
Makhalidwe Oipa:
- Hygroscopic - sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani pomanga sauna, chipinda chotentheka kapena kusamba popanda kubereka;
- Zojambula zolumikizira, monga mwala wina uliwonse, zimafunikira maziko olimba kotero kuti malonda sachitika;
- Ma DINARS amagwira ntchito movuta, popeza konkriti yokhazikika imakhala ndi yosalala, yomwe imafunikira kuwonjezera pa yankho la PLA;
- Pakukakamira, kusintha kwapadera kumafunikira.
Pomanga pawokha, nyumba ya konkriti yamutu imatha kukulitsidwa ndi mapulani omanga thupi chifukwa cha kugwirira ntchito kosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatani ambiri kukula ndi njerwa zambiri, chifukwa chake, 1 m2 safuna kupitirira mphindi 20.
Zokhazikitsidwa Zomangamanga
Musanapite kukamanga nyumba ya konkriti yamutu, muyenera kukonzekera zida zonse zofunika komanso zida zomangira. Pa gawo lililonse lomanga lidzafunika:- chingwe cholembera mathanthwe, prolele;
- Mafosholo, sprap, kirk ofunikira pazinthu zapamwamba zapamwamba;
- Hacksaw yodula mabodi, kunyamula kwa Mlingo ndi guluu, scoop, celma, twink, kupukuta, kupukuta, mulingo womanga, ngodya ya mphira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona;
- Kupaka masamba ndi ma twinks, mabulosi, maburashi, mabatani, ma spatlabs, vest - kuyika zojambula;
- Strokesis imapangidwa kuti iume zodula pansi pa kuyika kokhazikika ndi kuwonda;
- Magetsi amagwira ntchito kuti amwe pozama;
- Electrode ndi korona wobowola mabowo ndi makamwa.
Konkriti yokhazikika imakonzedwa bwino ndi zida zosavuta. Zotsatira zake, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta, mutha kukhala ndi mabatani okwera mwachangu komanso apamwamba. Komanso mothandizidwa ndi chisel yachigawo, mutha kupanga mathala osakira.
Tsambalo
Kuyamba kwa ntchito yomanga pamalopo ndikofunikira kuyika msewu wokhala ndi zinyalala zazikulu, kuti palibe zovuta ndi zida zapamwamba ndi zida zapadera mtsogolo. Malo omwe nyumba yamtsogolo imatsukidwa ndi zida zosafunikira komanso zinyalala.
Nkhani pamutu: Wallpaper Wallpaper awiri: chithunzi, momwe mungapangire zosankha zosiyanasiyana, zopangira, zomata, zojambula, makanema, makanema
Dongosolo limakhudzidwa ndi malire a malo oyandikana oyandikana nawo omwe nyumba ndi malo amakonzedwa kuti azimanga chuma. Mothandizidwa ndi rolele, msomali ndi chingwe adayika malo omwe akumanga nyumbayo. Zikhomo zimatsekedwa pansi m'makona am'malire, ndipo chingwe chimatambasulira pakati pawo. Zolemba za malo akunja za nyumbayo zimapangidwa pobwerera kuchokera ku chingwe chomwe chatatalikako mpaka m'lifupi mwake, wofanana ndi chingwe chake. Kuti muwone ngakhale mabatani oyambira zingwe.
Timakonzera ngalande
Pamaso pa wokwera ngalawa, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa nthaka pamalo amtsogolo kunyumba. Dothi likhoza kukhala lotuka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwononga ma ngalande, kapena mosemphanitsa, mchenga, ndiye kuti pali mwayi wawo wofinya. Iyenera kuwerengeredwa pazamawo ndikukula trench idzakumbidwa. Ngati pali zitsamba kapena zitsamba ndi mitengo yomwe imasokoneza malo omanga, zimachokera, kapena kusunthira kumanga. Kuchotsedwa kwa mtengo waukulu kumatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali.Chipinda Chipinda
Mutha kukumba ngalawa yokha - mothandizidwa ndi fosholo, kapena kukumba rackator. Dziko lapansi litatupa pansi pa dzenjelo, limatsukidwa, chifukwa ngakhale polumikizana limakhala lomasuka. Kuzama kwa ngalawo kumadalira pamlingo wa kuzizira, m'lifupi ndi 70-80 cm, kapena ndikofanana ndi mulifupi wa konkritiyo (dzenje pansi pa Slab). Ngati dothi lamasulidwa ndikuwonekera, kenako ikani zishango kuchokera ma board. Pansi pa ngalande imapanga piritsi ya mchenga, makulidwe 15 mpaka 20 cm., Ndibwino kutaya.
Timachita maziko
Tepi kapena maziko a monolithic imapangidwa pansi pa nyumba yolumikizira mafuta. Kusankhidwa kwa maziko omwe mukufuna kumadalira ukadaulo wa dothi ndi kuthekera kwachuma. Njira yogwira ntchito ikhoza kugawidwa masitepe:- Timapanga mawonekedwe;
- Ikani mphamvu;
- Thirani konkriti.
Kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe
Mapangidwe ake ndi malo ochokera kumatabwa, zishango, zotchinga pansi pa zedi. Pali mitundu iwiri: zochotsa - pambuyo pouma yankho limasokonekera, ndipo zosadziwika - zimakhala ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Fomu yotsitsa imayikidwa kuchokera ku chithovu cha polystyrene, konkriti kapena konkriti ya Ceramu. Iliyonse ya zinthuzo ili ndi malo abwino komanso oyipa.
Musanayike mafomu okhala pansi pa ngalande, zinthu zodzitchinjiriza kapena zolimbikitsira. Gwirani ntchito pa kapangidwe kamene kamapanga kuchokera pakona, kusunthira mozungulira, kuwayika mu dongosolo la Checker. Ngati pali zolumikiza mabatani, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala pamwamba. Kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa kumayang'aniridwa pa chingwe ndi mulingo.
Khalani oyenera
Musanakhazikitse mzere woyamba wa matepi, ndodo zachitsulo zoyenererana ndi zoyambira ndikumangirira ndi waya. Kukhazikitsa Kubweza Kwakukulu ndi Kulumikizana ndi Kusoka. Pambuyo pa kutalika kwa mapangidwewo kumangidwa, kulimbikitsidwa kumadulidwa.Dzazani konkriti
Kudzaza konkriti ndikwabwino mu nyengo youma komanso yopanda yoyenera kuti mupewe kumasulidwa kapena kusintha chinyezi kuchokera yankho. Kuti akonze yankho konkire, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapamwamba ya simenti yapamwamba m400 kapena m500. Mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda zozizwitsa zam'mtunda ndi dongo, makamaka mtsinje. Madzi ayenera kukhala oyera, osati oletsedwa. Akuluawiri osefedwa amiyala yosweka.
Chiwerengero cha simenti pamchenga - 1: 4, mpaka zinyalala - 1: 2, mpaka madzi - 1: 0.5. Ngati mchenga wonyowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa.
Kutentha kwa matenthedwe kuti muchepetse kuzizira kwa yankho, pulwar imawonjezedwa. Ngati nyumba yaying'ono imamangidwa, ndiye kuti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa sikani konkire konkriti, ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu lodzaza maziko ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomaliza. Ndikofunikira m'malo otere kukhala okwanira kudzaza malo onse nthawi. Konkriti yosefukira imachitika ndi vibrotambovka kuti muchotse zopanda pake komanso kugawa mosasakaniza.
Zolemba pamutu: Momwe mungakhazikitsire chokhoma pamwamba pa khomo lamatabwa
Timamanga makoma
Kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti kwa konkriti monga momwe zinthu zopangira makoma zimakupatsani mwayi woti mukwaniritse zabwino mu mphamvu ndi nyumba yotentha. Mabatani ndi opepuka komanso ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mumange makhoma a nyumbayo ndi gawo la 150-200 m2 miyezi 1-1.5 yokha. Ntchito yomanga ikhoza kugawidwa magawo angapo:- yikani mzere woyamba;
- Ikani mizere iwiri ndi 3;
- Kukonzekera kwa Windows ndi mawindo;
- A Jumles pazenera ndi zenera sill;
- Armapooyas amasulidwa.
Timayika mzere woyamba
Timachotsa zinyalala, fumbi ndi madzi kusefukira kuchokera pamwamba pa maziko. Tidayika mbali yonse yam'manja ndi nkhalango. Kuti mugone bwino ndibwino osati wopanda docile, koma chinsinsi.
Pofuna kuwerengera mzere woyamba, matope a simenti amagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza pamwamba pa maziko samachitika mosalala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kumathandizanso kugwirizanitsa zosagwirizana ndi anthu ambiri, osalala bwino.
Matayala ochepera a simenti ndi 1 cm, motero ndikofunikira kudziwa ngodya kwambiri pamaziko ogwiritsa ntchito mulingo. Kuchokera kwa Iye ndikuyamba kuyika mabulosi a mpweya, kutanthauza kuchitira umboni. Chitani izi pambuyo pa chingwe chilichonse.
Masondi amachitika konsekonse kwa nyumbayo ndi pakhoma mkati mwake, osayiwala kusintha. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mabatani a mpweya ndi kayendedwe ka "kabemba" - ndiosavuta kuyiyika ndikuwasamutsa. Komanso kwa nthawi yokwanira komanso yopulumutsa nthawi ndi mabatani omwe amayikidwa mkati mwa ntchito.
Pangani mizere iwiri ndi 3
Musanaike mzere watsopano wamagalasi a mpweya, pamwamba pa woyambayo ayenera kupukutidwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha gululi pakati pa zigawenga, monga momwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito mu 0,5-0.7 cm.
Mzere wachiwiri umayikidwa kuchokera ku ngodya ndi kusuntha kwa theka la block (osachepera 8 cm) kuti mmasa wochokera ku mipata yagonani sichimagwirizana ndi magulu am'mbuyomu. Guluu limayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chonyamula kapena chidebe chapadera ndi nsalu. Mabatani a mpweya amaikidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake, ngati kuli kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito nyundo ya mphira. Ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu momwe mungathere, monga guluu limagwirira pambuyo pa mphindi 15. Pa kutentha kwa minus mpaka -15 ° C gwiritsani ntchito guluu ndi zowonjezera zapadera.
Komanso ikani mizere yachitatu ndi yotsatira. Ndikofunikira kuwunika nthawi zonse kuti samalani ndi mpweya wa mafuta. Kupanga Konkriti Yoyeserera Kumalo Opanda Zitseko kapena Windows, sizotheka kuziyika kuti asalankhule nawo peregi. Ndi vutoli, ndikosavuta kuthana ndi thandizo la hacksaw wamba ndi mano atali. Kugona kosavuta, ngodya yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukonzekera kwa makoma pansi pawindo ndi mawindo
Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumafunikira mzere umodzi pansi pa windows. Ndikofunikira kulimbitsa makoma pomwe zenera lidzakhala. Pachifukwa ichi, pali zolimbitsa 2 zazitali m'mbali mwa khoma. Mizere iyenera kukhala yayikulu mbali iliyonse ndi 30 cm m'lifupi. Kulimbikitsidwa kumakhazikika ndikuthiridwa ndi matope a simenti. Kukhazikitsanso kwa mabatani a konkriti kumachitika pa guluu, mu dongosolo lolondola, potengera zenera ndi mawewa.Kupanga jumpers mazenera ndi zitseko
Pa chitseko ndi zenera njira ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa aves kuti khoma likhala likuchitika. Mutha kuchita izi m'njira zingapo:
- Njira yosavuta ndikugula.
- Mabatani owoneka bwino a U-Ader Cowrete angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pa chitseko kapena kutsegulira zenera kumapangidwa kuchokera ku bolodi yobwerera. Chiwerengero chofunikira cha U-wowoneka bwino ukuluma ndikuyika malo omwe akufunika. Mkati mwa mabatani amayikidwa pa kulimbikitsidwa ndikuthira ndi matope a simenti.
- Mafuta osavuta opangira mafuta ndi stroke 3 mizere yayitali mkati mwake. Ikani zolimbikitsira ndikuthira osakaniza ndi simenti. Amapereka kupumula pafupifupi maola 24. Amayika mabwalo otere pampatuko silika kuposa 1 mita ndikulimbikitsidwa pansi.
Mipata pakati pa khoma ndi odumpha amaikidwa ndi maboti a mafuta azomwe mungafune.
Kutsatsa kwa Armapoyas
Armapopos ndi konkire konkriti yolimbikitsira, yodzaza pakati pa midadada. Ndife zofunika kupereka mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndi kukhazikitsa kwa Mawierlat.
Nkhani pamutu: Makatani mchipinda chogona: Mtundu, kapangidwe, mitundu, nsalu, masitaelo 90
M'mphepete mwa mpanda wakunja, mabatani a mpweya amayika, 10 cm mulifupi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe. Chifukwa cha malo omwe ali pakati pa miyala yoyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndikutsanulira ndi yankho.
Pofuna kukwera Maurolat mu Armopoyas mokhazikika ndi ndodo zolimbitsa thupi ndi ulusi womwe umawasaka. Ma Studi amakhazikika mtunda wa 1-1.5 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Denga
Pa malinga a Arpopoyas, zinthu zosagwedezeka zimakhetsedwa komanso mapeerlat (othandizira matabwa) amakhazikika. Amalumikizidwa ndi mabokosi okhala ndi mtedza. M'makona a kapangidwe kake, zothandizira zimakhazikika ndi zitsulo zamateli. Kupendekeka kwachitika, ndiko kuti, m'lifupi mwa kapangidwe kake kamakhala kumabweretsa mipiringidzo. Kutalika kwa nyumbayo, mizere iwiri ya Bruusyev (lezhenny) amakonzedwa kuti ali kutali kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso kuchokera m'mphepete. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulifupi wa nyumbayo ndi 10 m, ndiye mtunda ukukhala 3.3 m.
Pa zigawo mothandizidwa ndi mabatani, ngodya kapena misomali zimayikidwa miyala yamtengo wapatali pamtunda wa 2-2.5 m. Iwo amaikidwa moyang'anizana ndi wina ndi mnzake. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, pamwamba pa rails m'lifupi mwake padenga limalimbikitsidwa. Kenako atakhazikika pamtanda kuchokera mbali zonse limodzi modutsa ma dando a mitengo yayitali - thamanga. Amafunikira chithandizo cha ma rafters.
Kukhazikitsa kwa rafter kumayamba kuchokera m'mphepete mwa denga la padenga, ndikupanga mtunda wofanana pakati pawo. Gawo lamunsi la iwo limakonzedwa ku Mauerlat, ndipo pamwambayo amaphatikizidwa kuti aimirire moyang'anizana ndi Bruus mwachangu. Kuti mphamvu zonse zomanga ziweto zonsezi, zimangirira ndi mipiringidzo.
Musanaike zinthu zofowoka, chinyontho chimapangidwa. Imakhazikika pa iyo, ndikupangitsa kuti kumanzere ndi pansi-mmwamba. Mwa mtundu uliwonse wazinthu zimafuna zomangira zawo.
Kumaliza ntchito
Makoma oponyera mafuta akusiya kumbali kapena sangweji. Akayika, ndikofunikira kusiya kusiyana pakati pa mabatani a mpweya ndi zida zotsiriza. Zimafunikira kuchotsa chinyezi chomwe chitha kudutsa osiyanasiyana.Kukongoletsa mkatikati mwa makoma kuchokera kwa konkriti kokhazikika kumachitika pa kutentha osatsika kuposa + 10 ° C. Ngati pali tchipisi, kuwombera m'mphepete, mabowo pamwamba pa midadada, amadzaza ndi zosakaniza zotsekemera. Magawo okwera pamakoma amathiridwa ndi wophika wopera.
Mkati mwake, makhoma okhazikika amalekanitsidwa ndi pulasitala kapena pulasitala. Pambuyo pake, amatha kupakidwa utoto, woyipa kapena wokhala ndi zinthu zina.
Kugwedeza makhoma ndi osakaniza wapadera wa magesi-magesi, omwe amaphatikizidwa molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga.
Kuyerekezera koyenera
Ntchito yomanga nyumbayo imayamba ndikupanga ntchito ndi ntchito kuti mudziwe momwe nthaka ilili. Mtengo umatengera kuchuluka kwa mabungwe.
Dziwaninso mtengo wopanga maziko. Nyumba ya 10 × 10 m kukula:
- Monolithic Base (chitofu) - 500-700,000;
- Riboni - 300-500 ma ruble.
Ngati mupanga maziko nokha, mtengo udzakhala wocheperako.
Pa mtengo wa mabatani mu ma ruble 3,000. Chifukwa ma ruble zikwi 210 akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga makhoma onse. Zomangamanga, pafupifupi matumba a 125 adzafunikiranso. Mtengo Wambiri wa Imodzi ndi 250 p. Ndalama zonse - 250 × 105 = 26255 rubles. Garmawa wawonjezedwa pano. Zidzafunika ndi masheya pafupifupi 1 km, ndipo imawononga ma ruble 15,000. Armapopois imawononga ma ruble 75.
Mtengo wa zolefuka zimatengera mtundu wa zinthu. Zimayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 50,000. Mtengo wa padenga umasinthanso chifukwa chodzaza. Makonzedwe a dongosololi amawononga pafupifupi 100,000, ovala ovala ovala zikwi 70, kukumbutsani ubweya wamchere - 20-50,000,000. Nyumba ya konkriti yokhala ndi konkriti yopanda zokongoletsera, malo a 100 m2, omangidwa ndi manja awo, amawononga ma ruble 1 miliyoni 200 miliyoni.