Posunga zokolola, cellar ndi pansi panthaka ndiyoyenera kwambiri. Koma mobisa sizingachitike m'nyumba iliyonse, koma kupanga chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kumatha kukhala pa chiwembu chamadzi kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi motani.
Cellar pa chiwembucho itha kukhala chinthu chokongoletsera
Sankhani mpando pansi pa cellar
Malo oyenera omwe ali m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi pazachilengedwe kapena pamanja. Ngati palibe madontho patsamba, ndikofunikira kupeza gawo louma "lowuma" ndi malo otsika pamadzi. Mutha kusankha pazomera - komwe kuli kotsika kwambiri, pali madzi pamenepo.
Zoyenera ngati muli ndi kafukufuku wa genetiological ya tsambalo (adalamulidwa mukamakonzekera kunyumba). Pali kulondola kokwanira kwa chimbudzi. Ngati palibe kafukufuku wotere, pamlingo wapansi panthaka umatha kudziwa tanthauzo la zitsime ndi galasi lamadzi.
Malo abwino kwambiri komwe mungapangire cellar - pamalo achilengedwe
Njira ina - m'malo ofatsa kuti mubowole mamita 2.5. Ngati kulibe madzi mmenemo, mutha kupanga chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, chosatha ndi 2 metres kapena zochulukirapo. Ndikofunikira kuti muwombere kapena mu kasupe, chipale chofewa chikasungidwa, kapena kugwa mvula ikagwa. Pakadali pano, zodabwitsa kwambiri pamadzi apansi pamadzi ndi zodabwitsa ngati madzi osefukira simudzachita mantha.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro zimatsimikizika ndi mtundu wa cellar:
- Ngati dothi lapansi lam'madzi lili pansi pa mita 1.5 kuchokera pamwamba, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe otupa.
- Ngati madzi ali pamlingo wa 80 masentimita akhoza kupangidwa theka la mtundu.
- Mtunda wa cellar ndi malo ogulitsira masamba. Pamafunika ntchito yambiri ndipo simakhala pazachuma.
Pali mtundu wina wa cellar - pansi panyumba yomwe imakonzedwa pansi pa nyumba ngati pali maziko apamwamba (1.5 mita pamwambapa). Kenako kukumba kagawo kakang'ono kotchire penapake 2 * mamita awiri, akumakulitsanso mita. Pansi, ndikuyandikira ku khoma la dzenje, kuyika madzi osadzi, miyala yamiyala yothira (10-15 cm), kuyala pansi. Ngati madzi ali pafupi kale, ndibwino kuthira konkriti slab malinga ndi ukadaulo weniweni.
Khalani chete pansi, mutha kupanga pansi mobisa kuti mutetezedwe ndi masamba
Makoma akuyika njerwa kapena kupanga nyumba kuchokera ku matabwa olima, osavomerezeka kunja. Chophimba chapansi pa nyumba pansi pa nyumbayo chimapangidwa pansi pamlingo, nawonso amasangalala. Pansi pake amaiteza chivundikiro chochepa. Izi zimamalizidwa pantchitoyi. Mtundu uwu wa cellar umamveka kokha m'nyumba yokhalamo - nthawi zonse imakhala yotentha. M'nyumba za nthawi yaukali osatentha nthawi yozizira zidzauzidwa, chifukwa sizikhala ndi tanthauzo lowononga cellar.
Zipangizo
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu cellar kumatengera kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi panthaka. M'malo owuma, mutha kupanga kuchokera pazomwe mukufuna - chinthu chilichonse choyenera pazinthu izi: nkhuni zophatikizira, njerwa, konkriti, zomangira.
Mutha kupanga cellar kuchokera ku konkriti panthaka iliyonse
Ngati madzi ali pafupi ndi pamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti zinthuzo sizimawopa chinyezi, chokhala ndi hygroscopicity (makamaka pafupi ndi zero) kapena ndizotheka kuti muchepetse kwambiri. Koma izi ndizodalirika, nthawi zambiri, ndi zitsulo zokha. Konkriti ndiyofunika - sizowona kuti ma ret, sikuti madzi amatenga madzi ambiri, ngakhale zipolopolo zimatha kuzichititsa. Konkriti ndiyabwino chifukwa pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopangitsira kuti zikhale zopanda mphamvu m'madzi mu mawonekedwe ake:
- Zowonjezera - zowonjezera zomwe zimapereka konkriti. Kuphatikiza pali zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sizikuchititsa kuti sizimayamwa madzi.
- Kuchepetsa hygroscopicity imatha kusakanikirana ndi konkriti mukagona (pali ma rimerator apadera a konkriti). Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kophimba, kachulukidwe chake kumakhala chachikulu kwambiri, hygroscopicity kumachepa.
- Kukonza Kulembetsa Kumalo. Kwa konkriti, simenti yochokera kwa simenti imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe ma poitymers amaphatikizidwa. Ma polima amaletsa ma capillaries omwe amawakonda. Kupanga kawiri kumathandiza kuti ma sherts 6-8 achepetse kuchuluka kwa kokerani kwa sing'anga.
- Utoto wa mphira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadziwe, koma mopambanitsa zimatha kuthandiza chinyontho m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.
Nkhani pamutu: Kuthamanga kwa cornice kwa nsalu yaku Roma: Malangizo Okhazikika
Ndalama zonsezi pazovuta kapena ziwiri kapena ziwiri kuti musankhe, zingakuthandizeni kupanga malo owuma m'chipindacho ngakhale zigawo zokhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi.
Amanganso cellar mu madzi okwera pansi amatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo. Kanikizani bokosi lazomwe mukufuna, mpaka pansi ndi makhoma limatsitsa mabowo. Bokosi lachitsulo ili limathandizidwa kunja kwa kapangidwe ka anti-Corlus (kangapo) ndi kuyika pansi. Ngati seams imapangidwa moyenerera, madziwo sadzachokapo, koma pali vuto lina - ndi madzi ambiri, bokosi ili limatha kukonzedwa pansi. Kuti izi sizikuchitika, ndikuwolola zingwe, koma zimangothandiza kupanikizika kwina kopangidwa ndi madzi. Zitha kuchitika kuti m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba itha.
Zitsulo za Cellar sizitha kutayikira, koma zitha "kutuluka"
Panthawi yomanga chipinda chapansi pangozi pamadzi apansi, njerwa ya ceramic imagwiritsidwabe ntchito. Koma popita nthawi, amasungunuka, ngakhale kuti nkotheka kuchepetsa mphamvu zake nthawi zina - kukonza kangapo kuphatikizira kofananako. Ndipo komabe njerwa m'madzi kwambiri ndi njira yokha.
Momwe mungapangire cellar ya konkriti ndi mafoni am'manja
Tekinoloji yomanga ya Cellarite ya Cellariry imafotokoza nthawi zambiri. Sizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mumafunikira zinthu zambiri pa chipangizo cha Fomu, ndipo kukumba kwa dzenje sikusangalatsa - kuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zidalipo, kotero kuti ndizotheka kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe awa. Pali ukadaulo womveka bwino - wokhala ndi mpeni wa konkriti ndikudzaza makoma. Malingaliro oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsime, koma mutha kulembetsa pazida za cellar.
Adapanga mpeni wansalu
Dzazani mpeni
Zonse zimayamba ndi kudzaza mpeni. Mbiri yake yafotokozedwa pachithunzichi. Mu chithunzi, imakokedwa mozungulira - pansi pa chitsime, koma m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndibwino kuchita makona akona. Mpeni yonkriti iyi imathiridwa m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake, gulu la dzenje laling'ono lozungulira la cellar cellar. M'gawolo, liyenera kukhala laling'ono pamtanda, ndipo amalankhula, lolunjika mkati mwa kuzungulira (monga momwe chithunzi pamwambapa).
Pafupifupi za m'tsogolo m'mphepete mwa nyumba, kukumba dzenje, komwe munthawi yake ali ndi mawonekedwe a Triangar
Fomu yomweyo imalumikizana ndi zolimbitsa. Pankhaniyi, zolimbitsa thupi za fibergla zidagwiritsidwa ntchito - ndizotsika mtengo, ndizosavuta kupulumutsa. Pofuna kufalikira ndi jenda kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito chitsulo.
Mpeni
Kupanga chimango, timangokhalira kulimbikitsidwa kumatulutsa 1520 cm nthawi yayitali, ndikutsogolera m'mwamba kwa iwo kudzalumikizidwa ndi lamba wotsatira. Chimangocho chimayikidwa mu dzenje lomalizidwa, lokutidwa ndi filimu. Ndikofunikira kuti makhoma a mpeni ndi osalala ndipo nthaka idapita bwino.
Thamangitsani ndi kanema
Konkriti imachitika mu chosakanizira konkriti - mavoliyumu ochepa omwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse dongosolo pafakitale. Konkriti pangani Marko m 250 (pa gawo limodzi la simenti m 500 imafunikira michere 1.1) ndi magawo 3.1 a zinyalala, madzi - 0.75). Kuti awonjezere mphamvu, fibernipylene fiber imawonjezeredwa, ndipo pettron-admin (owonjezera mphamvu yayikulu) imasungunuka m'madzi.
Konkriti idathiridwa
Konkriti imayikidwa, chifukwa idzakonzedwa ndi fibrator. Ndidzaza maphwandowo m'magawo, nthawi yomweyo kumiza kumiza.
Sgat shafe
Kupanga makoma
Kenako, konkriti idakutidwa ndi kanema, yothira nthawi. Pomwe adagwira, osonkhanitsidwa. Board Break 40 * 150 * 6000 mm adadutsa ndege, adagogoda mabizinesi a mabodi anayi. Kutalika, anatulukira pafupifupi 80 cm. Mukasonkhanitsa bolodi, adalumikizidwa mwamphamvu kuti yankho lake lichepetse zochepa.
Onetsani zishango
Yembekezani mpaka konkriti zojambulazo zopanga mphamvu (zoposa mwezi umodzi wadutsa kuchokera pomwe zidadzaza). Kupanga chipinda chapansi pa nyumba iyi, mpeni uyenera kukhala wolimba. Kwa iwo omwe atsalira kale, kutulutsidwa kwa zolimbikitsidwa kunamangidwa chimango cha mzere wotsatira. Nthawi yomweyo, timasiyanso magazi pafupifupi 15 mpaka 20 masentimita "womangirira wa lamba wotsatira.
Anamangiriza nyama
Kuti muwonjezere chivundikiro cha mtembo, malirowo amalimbikitsidwa kuti ndi mawonekedwe a kalata "r" ndi chingwe cha zitsulo (kutalika kwa mbali ndi 40 cm).
Patsani ma nyini a chitsulo
Timaika zikopa. Kotero kuti sadzipatula pothira konkriti, mkati ndi kunja kwamangiriridwa ndi ngodya. Mkati mwake, ngodya zinayi zimaperekedwa (pa screwking screws), kunja - ndi 2. Mtunda pakati pa zikopa ziwirizi zimakhazikika ndikuthandizira ma studis (pa chithunzi pansipa.
Nkhani pamutu: Kusinthanitsa pawindo kumazichita nokha
Kulimbikitsa ngodya za mawonekedwe
Kuti nyumba za m'chipinda zina zinali yosalala ndipo madzi kuyambira konkriti sanachoke, mawonekedwe amkati mwa mawonekedwe anali okongola polyethylene. Pamwamba pa konkriti yoyamba yoyimirira iyenera kutsukidwa (fumbi lomwe lapeza. Timachita izi mothandizidwa ndi kusambitsidwa kwambiri (pali zachuma). Kenako, ikani fomuyi, tsanulirani konkriti, sinthani vibrator.
Beton yodzazidwa ndi mawonekedwe
Chophimba cha konkriti ndi polyethylene, madzi. Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, mutha kuchotsa mafomuwo. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake mutha kuyambitsa makhoma. Pamayendedwe apakati, timatuluka nthaka. Magadiwo motero kuti makoma adakhala pansi osawonongeka.
Kukwanira kuchotsedwa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba makhoma adafunsa pafupifupi 60 cm. Uku ndi kutalika kwa makhoma a khoma (pafupifupi 20 cm kumangokulitsa dzanja lakale.
Mzere wotsatira wolimbikitsa
Kupitilira apo, malinga ndi ukadaulo "wogudubuzidwa" - timabweretsa kulimbikitsidwa, ngodya zikulimbikitsani, ikani fomu. Nthawi ino kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyika zishango, mkati, m'munsimu m'mphepete mwa 15 cm, zophika mabodi. Amapuma m'chikopa chamkati.
Mkati mwa zidutswa za bolodi (pamwamba pamphepete zawo zimasungidwa
Kenako zishango zakunja zaikidwa. Amapachika "pa studio yapansi, yomwe imatulutsa zikopa zonse ziwiri. Maphunziro apamwamba amakonzanso m'lifupi mwake. Zikopa zimakokedwa m'makona a zitsulo.
Studs "chishango"
Kenako - Dzazani, kugwedezeka, coop, dikirani. Pakatha sabata-Avenol, mutha kupitilizabe kukulitsa. Chifukwa chake timatero, mpaka khomalo ndi kutalika kwa ntchito. Pankhaniyi, zidatenga 4 kuthira 60 cm iliyonse. Kutalika kwathunthu kunatembenuza 2.4 m. Ndidaikidwa m'manda kotero kuti kudula kwapamwamba kunali kochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe dothi limakhalira.
Makoma a cellar adagwera pakuzama
Mabotolo amenewo omwe amayikapo zolimbitsa thupi amafunikira kuti filimuyo yophimba sikothamangira. Lingaliro linali lothandiza kwambiri.
Padziko lapansi panali Geotextile. Idzalipira katundu wosagwirizana. Amatumikiranso ngati "rug - ntchito inanso pamaondo ake.
Imani
Kotero kuti makoma sakufunafuna, mpeni uyenera kukhala "suti." Kuti muchite izi, cholimba kuchokera ku mphamvu, zofanana ndi zomwe zidachitidwa mpeni.
Chingwe chofananira "lemeke" mpeni
Pokhazikitsa mpeni, mabowo omwe amayendetsa ndodo zolimbikitsira. Amamangidwa ndi chimango chomangidwa, kusiya kumasulidwa kwamphamvu kulumikizana ndi kulimbikitsidwa.
Kumwa zidutswa za zoyenerera
Timaika fomu, Dzazani "Stop" konkriti.
Mpeni wakale udasandulika nangula
Paulo mu cellar cellar
Nditandigwira konkriti, mafomuwo amasungunuka, nthawi yakwana. Choyamba kupanga maziko. Mchenga womwe udathira pa geotextile (pafupifupi 10 cm), adaphwanya fosholo, ndiye mbiya, ndiye rink. Zidebe ziwiri za simenti zidabalalika pamwamba lonselo, zolimbikitsidwa ndi mbiya ndi mchenga wapamwamba, ndikusindikiza rink. Kukhetsa kuthirira madzi ndi osungunuka osungunuka a Penter a Alex, kuphedwa kwa Bomper. Pambuyo poyang'ana, mchenga sukuyenerera pansi pa mapazi ake.
Woyamba pansi wosanjikiza
Opaleshoniyi idabwerezedwanso kawiri. Chotsitsa chapamwamba chimatembenuza muluwo ndi m'mphepete mwa chotseka. Adakhazikitsa pansi pa chitofu kuti awume. Pambuyo kuyanika, kutumphuka kumakhala kokhazikika kwambiri.
Maziko adatsukidwa, owuma. Anatsekera ma waya 6 mm mu 10 mm zowonjezera. Gululi lidamangidwa ndi mpeni. Anaikidwa pa zidutswa za mabodi, zomwe monga zimayeretsedwa.
Paul pa cellar okonzeka kudzaza
A twine awiriwo, atatambasulidwa pakona pakona, adapanga ma beacon kuti mudzaze ndi konkriti - kutalika kwathunthu kwa mbale ndi 10 cm.
Konkriti Yokonzeka Cellar
Kuthamanga ndi mpweya wabwino
Timasokoneza chikopa chimodzi cha mawonekedwe, kudyetsa madontho, ndikubwerera kuchokera m'mphepete mwa khoma 40 mm - iyi ndi makulidwe a matabwa. Pakona mmodzi, timakhazikitsa chitoliro, chimawakhomera ndi zolimba limodzi, molingana ndi zomwe tidakumana nazo zikuluzikulu zitatu.
Mumadyetsa matabwa mozungulira
Kukhazikitsa mapaipi Olabadira
Zitchi zanyengo zitatu zimakhazikitsidwa bwino pamabodi ophatikizidwa. Kupumira, kudula mpaka pano kuti mulowe pakhomo. Mitengo pakati pa matabwa imaphatikizidwa ndi chithovu chomata, pambuyo polymerization wa zochulukirapo zimadulidwa mu floss ndi ma board.
Timapanga mawonekedwe odzaza slab torlap
Kuchokera pansi, kuchokera pachipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mitsinje yaikidwa. Pamwambapa, amakhazikika ndi ngodya, pansi pansi pamabodi ali atayikika, kuti asagulitsidwe kumapeto kwa konkriti ya Ridden.
Mapula a Slab Slab Keke
Pansipa adayika chingwe
Nkhani pamutu: Nyumba zapadziko lonse: lingaliro lalikulu la nyumba yamunda
Pamwamba pa bolodi ndi khoma kutsukidwa ndi kumiza kwa kupanikizika kwambiri, kuyamwa. Ili ndi wosanjikiza wa khwangwala, yomwe idalumikizidwa ndi matabwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bulaketi ku statele yomanga. Kulowera kwa cellar kumasankhidwa mu kukula 1 * 1 mita, m'mphepete mwake muli ochepa mabodi opanga mafoloko.
Mapangidwe odula
Kenako, mafomuwo amaikidwa mozungulira mozungulira. Ma board amakhazikika, amalimbikitsidwa m'makonawo ndi misomali yayitali. Kenako thimitsani, kukhazikitsa zomangira zomwe zimapuma pamtengo woyendetsedwa. Ma chingwe amafunikira mphamvu - kulemera kumawononga chinthu chokwanira.
Konzani mapangidwe
Timachitanso zolimbikitsa zitatu - ndodo ziwiri zotsika 16 mm, ma mm 14 mm, olumikizidwa ndi ndodo ina ya 8 mm. Mafuta awiri adamangidwa, adalembedwa pamalopo, amawamangirira ndi kutulutsa kolimbitsa thupi. Wachitatu adasonkhanitsa pomwepo - nthambi zake zimadutsa m'mito yokambidwa.
Wokonzeka wopanga
Pambuyo pakulimbikitsidwa, 12 mm King Grid mu gawo 20 cm. Zingwe zimamangidwa kuti zituluke kukhoma. Mavuto ena achitika pomwe amazungulira mapaipi a mpweya. Ndinafunika kubisala. Ndodo zomwe zidatha pafupi ndi khomo, zokhumudwa ndi 15-20 masentimita. Chizindikiro cholimbikitsidwa chidzamangidwa kwa iwo.
Kudutsa chitoliro cha mpweya wabwino
Pofuna kunyamula magetsi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mabowo awiri amawuma, mawaya omwe ali mumphepete mwa iwo. Kenako, inathira konkire yonse.
Magazi osefukira
Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, pamene adagwira, mawonekedwe adayikidwa pamwamba pakhomo. Choyamba, bokosi lamkati, ndiye maziko a kulimbikitsidwa, ndiye wakunja. Komanso anabuka konkriti.
Njira yokhazikitsa mawonekedwe a khomo
Konkreti atapeza mphamvu yolimba (masiku 28 kuchokera pakutsanulira), Khomalo ndi theka la mita pansi ndipo slab ya dengali idakonzedwa ndi eyps (zotulutsa za polystyrene). "Chisuli" yake pamavuto - nthawi yomweyo komanso madzi.
Kulira kokhazikika kwa cellar
Ma badps mkati amasiyidwa kwa miyezi iwiri. Ndiye pafupifupi onse adachotsedwa, ndikusiya banja, ngati. Zokolola zoyambirira zidawoneka m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.
Mpaka zingwe ziwiri zidatsala
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungapangire cellar kuchokera ku konkriti ndi kudzaza makhoma. Nthawi yasiya kwambiri, koma mtengo wake udakhala utatambasulidwa munthawi.
Momwe mungapangire cellar kuchokera mphete za sinkre. Onani apa.
Cellar ku nyumba ya njerwa (pansi pa hozblock)
Pomanga njerwa ya njerwa, dziko lathu ndi loyenera kwa onse 100% - madzi apansi pa mita 3, dothi ndi lopanda kanthu, motero amakumba mamita 2.5. Kukula kwa cellar 2.2 * 3,5 m, mabatani, motero, zochulukirapo. Khomo lolowera m'chipinda chapansi pa cellar lidzachokera ku dzenje lokopa, ndipo chidebe chachitsulo (chidebe chachitsulo) chidzakhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa "zovuta" zonse. Kupulumutsa njerwa zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pansipa analangiza kuti: mwala wokalamba ndi miyala yosweka ndi njerwa zidatsanulidwa pansi pa zigawo, zonsezi zotetezedwa ndi zotchinga. Kulinganiza pansi, kuthira mchenga, kunalinso kwa Ramid, kusanachitike. Kenako anayamba kuyika makhoma mu ullippich. Nthaka siyopanda kanthu, kotero sikofunikira kuda nkhawa za makoma.
Kuyika makoma a njerwa
Ena onse pakati pa njerwa ndi khoma la kusiyanaku limakutidwa ndi dongo, lomwe limayendera bwino kwambiri - kuteteza okhwima, omwe angafufuze komwe angatulutsire.
Makomawo anakankhidwiratu pang'ono kuposa mulingo wa nthaka, wokwera ndegeyo anaikidwa pa iwo. Hellts mwamphamvu - ikhale njira yolumikizira yodutsa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Kuchokera pansi pa bolodi adabwezeretsedwanso ku mabatani, kanemayo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba - kotero kuti konkriti sachita bwino mu mipata yomwe ilipo. Ndege zowulula kuchokera m'matabwa, kuchepetsa tsogolo. Mabotolo m'makona amabweretsa ngodya.
M'tsogolo mukupitilira, m'mphepete mwa nyumbayo, mapaipi awiri apulasitiki amaikidwa. Ichi ndi dongosolo la mpweya. Chitofu chidzakhazikitsidwa - 5 cm eppps (zotupa za polystyrene) zidayikidwa.
Mafomu, kutchinjiriza, kulimbikitsidwa kwa clab yoyandama cellar
Pamwamba pa kusokonekera kuchokera kukulungizidwa ndi mainchesi 10 mm, gululi limagwirizanitsidwa ndi gawo 20 cm. Gululi limadalira magawo a njerwa za njerwa. Imakwezedwa pamwamba pa epps ndi 4 cm, makulidwe athunthu a mbaleyo ndi pafupifupi 10 cm.
Konkrete wolamulidwa pafakitale - pali khomo ladzikolo. Kutsanulidwa kuli bwino.
Kudzaza konkriti kwayamba
Kotero madzi osefukira a cellar amawoneka ngati
Pomwe konkriti "imacha", itayika makhoma a dzenje lokopa ndi njira yake.
Yama yakonzeka, amagwera m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba
Pambuyo pochotsa mawonekedwewo, zidzakhala zotheka kuyika zitsulo za hezblock kuchokera kumwamba.