Sikuti aliyense akufuna kumanga makhoma a cellar - izi ndi zazitali, ndipo sizikhala nthawi zonse. Kusungidwa masamba ambiri, mutha kupanga mphete zapansi pa cellar. Dima lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu zomwezi ndi 2 m ndi 2,5 m, apa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zopindika zowongoka cellar
Ngati mungapeze mphete ndi mainchesi a 2.5 m njira yofukiza, ikhale yabwino kwambiri, kenako mita iwiri imatsekedwa pambuyo pa mashelufu omwe amaikidwa. Pali kale cellar okhazikika apulasitiki omwe ali kale, koma mtengo waiwo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wakubadwa uku ndi mphete zolimbikitsira.
Kuyambira mphete za konkriti zimapangitsa china chofanana ndi cellar
Musanakhazikitse mphetezo, ndikofunikira kuchitiridwa zokutira zakumbuyo. Ngakhale madzi apansi atatsika, mumvula kapena pachakudya chosungunuka, konkriti chidzaphikira, chinyezi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba lidzaukitsidwa. Kuti mupewe izi, itha kuthandizidwa ndi mastic mastic mafuta osungunuka ndi phula, kuphatikizika kwa kulowetsedwa kwakuya kwa mtundu wa Pentern kapena kapangidwe kake koyenera malingana ndi katundu.
Bankha
Njira yopangira nyumba yofuula kuchokera ku mphete ya simenti sikofunika: kukumba dzenje la cylindrical kukula koyenera. Mutha kuyamwa konse (uku ndi pafupifupi 2.5 mita), kenako ikani mphete pogwiritsa ntchito wolemera kapena abwenzi, zingwe ndi zipika patatu.
Kukumba dzenje pansi pa chitsime
Njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipangizo cha zitsime ndikuchotsa nthaka mkati, pang'onopang'ono. Mbewu nthawi yomweyo idzatsika. Kwa zitsime, zaikidwa m'manda pa 8-10 mphete, kwa cellast mudzafunikira kwambiri awiri kapena atatu (kutengera kutalika).
Chiwerengero cha mphete - kutengera chikhumbo chanu, koma kutalika ndikwabwino kupeza kotero kuti itha kukhala mkati kuti isayime kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, onjezani osachepera 15-20 masentimita pansi pa pansi, ndi 10 cm kukhala kusiyana kochepa kwambiri pamutu. Kutalika kwa mphete kungakhale kosiyana - ndi 40 cm, 60 masentimita, 80 masentimita ndi 1 m. Mwa izi, kutalika kukufunika.
Mukamagula mphete za gbb za cellar, tiwone kuti ali ndi loko - Mtetezi ndi Kutamira Mapeto. Maloko awa amapanga kapangidwe kake, ndikosavuta kusindikiza.
Mphete zokhazikitsidwa
Musanakhazikitse, malekezero a mphete m'munsi amatsukidwa kuchokera ku dothi (wothira), gwiritsani ntchito wosanjikiza wa simenti-Sandy. Pambuyo pake, ikani mphete yachiwiri. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa zonse, seams ndi mabowo a ukadaulo omwe akusowanso.
Ma seams otayirira okhala ndi simenti-Sandy yankho
Chivindikirocho chitha kugulidwa okonzeka - pali mbale zozungulira zozungulira ndi zozungulira, koma zimatumphukira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta - ndipo zimangokhala zovuta ndi katundu . Chifukwa chake njira iyi si ya zonse.
Ngati mukufuna lalikulu laz, slab torlap (padenga) ya cellar ikhoza kutulutsidwa pawokha. Pachifukwa ichi, chimango chimayatsidwa kuchokera kumakona, chomwe chingakhale chosavuta kuyika ma boardbotiortive. Ngodya 20 * 40 * 4 mm. Fomu idzakhazikika - idzakhala denga la cellar - monga chithunzi. Mu izi, zidutswa za chipboard yokhazikika yokhala ndi makulidwe 21 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito, matabwa okhala ndi makulidwe 35-40 mm ndioyenera.
Zolemba pamutu: Momwe mungagwiritsire khothi lolowera ndi manja anu (chithunzi ndi kanema)
Pangani chitoto cha pa nyumba
Ma mesh kuchokera ku bar yachitsulo imakhazikika pa mawonekedwe akomweko. Popeza kukula kwa slab ya konkriti ndi yaying'ono, ngodya ndi kugwedezeka kwabwino, mutha kutenga ndodo 8-10 mm. Kuchokera pamenepo kumangiriza chimango cholimbitsa - Gawo 15 cm.
Sungani chimango cholimbitsa
Kudzera pachikuto cha chitoliro cha mpweya wabwino (pankhaniyi, ndi imodzi, popeza voliyumu ndi yaying'ono), timabweretsa zitsulo zowunikira, zomwe zimachitika mu utoto, womwe umachitika mu dzenje la mawonekedwe. Zovuta zimakhazikika.
Gawo lotsatira ndikupanga mawonekedwe a slab ya cellar yodutsa. Pazinthu, timawonetsa zinthu zosinthika, koma zolimba. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo thupi lonse (makulidwe a 3 mm). Gulu lokhazikitsidwa liyenera kukhala lokhazikika (kumenya zikhomo zomwe zimayendetsa pansi), kuwonjezera pa njerwa. Sungani mzere ndendende - pankhope kumtunda, tisankha yankho. Kuchokera m'matabwa, timapanga mawonekedwe, kusangalala ndi khomo la nyumba, kenako timatsanulira konkriti Marko M 200 (Iyi ndi mtundu wa konkriti, osasokoneza simenti).
Konkriti nthawi zambiri zimadzipanga zokha, izi zimafuna denga labwino ku Port Marn M 400 (500). Pa gawo limodzi mwa simenti, pamafunika magawo atatu a mchenga ndi mbali zisanu za mwala wosweka wa zigawo zapakatikati ndi zigawo zabwino, madzi kudera la sing'anga, koma nthawi zambiri 0.6-0.75 kuchokera ku voliyumu ya simenti.
Pambuyo pa konkriti imatsika 50% ya mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake (kutentha kwa + 20 ° C, payenera kukhala sabata limodzi, ndipo + 17) mungalowe mu gawo lomwe mukufuna.
Pangani njerwa kuti mupange laz
Werengani zambiri za kusefukira kwa chivundikiro cha m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Albs anzeru ndi makoma a Laza ndi masticn. Tsopano mutha kupita ku makonzedwe a cellar mkati. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga pansi. Itha kutsalira dothi - izi ndi ngati dothi lapansi lam'madzi limatsika. Panthaka ikuyenda njerwa yosweka ndi dongo. Zonsezi ndizopendetsedwa bwino. Imakhala pansi yabwino.
Njira yachiwiri ndikupanga pansi konkriti. Kutsanulira ndi kupindika mwala wosweka, pa iyo - wosanjikiza wamchenga, shed, tamper (10 cm), ndiye kuti madziwo salowa mumchenga). Pa filimuyo - gululi yolimbitsa Grid ndi zonse kutsanulira konkriti.
Njira yachitatu - pansi kuti muike mpheteyo ndi pansi. Pali zotere. Pankhaniyi, palibe zovuta ndi kunyowa pansi.
Mphete yokhala ndi pansi - yosavuta ikachitika
Mfundo ina: Ngati madzi apansi panthaka ali pafupi, asanakhazikitse mphete mu pittal, ayenera kuphimbidwa kawiri ndikukulitsa madzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phula. Komanso, ndikofunikira kugawana kusindikiza kwa mafupa. Kenako ndikagula mphete, yang'anani ndi maloko (monga momwe chithunzi pamwambapa). Njira yothetsera pang'ono si ivale yokhotakhota mphete pomwe mphete yapamwamba ikakhala, yankho lopezeka limatsukidwa. Pakupita milungu ingapo, seams imathanso kuphonyetsedwa ndi masticn.
Nkhani pamutu: chimbuli chimalizira ndi mapanelo apulasitiki: zithunzi zamkati
Kwa magawo okhala ndi madzi ambiri pansi
Simungathe kuika matebulo cellar kwa 2.5 metres ndipo osakumana ndi madzi. M'madera ena, madzi ali kale ndi 60-80 cm. Zoterezi, mutha kupanga chipinda chophimba m'chipinda cha sinkriti mu mtundu wabwino. Kuwotcha pakuzama uku, komwe kulibe madzi, ndipo gawo linadutsa m'nthaka kuti iyike zinthu zotentha (epps yabwino kwambiri) ndikugona ndi dothi (kupanga dothi).
Chipangizo cha cellar kuchokera mphete zamimba pamtunda wapansi panthaka
Kuti mutenge madzi molondola kuchokera ku cellar, mozungulira mutha kupanga malaya kuchokera ku zinyalala - kuti muwaza ma cmmita 40. Kuchokera kumtunda mpaka pansi, komwe musanabwezeretse nthaka, muyenera kubwezeretsanso bwino kudula.
Pachipangizo chotere, funso limabuka: Momwe mungapangire chivindikiro kuti madzi asamachite bwino kudzera mwa iwo, kuzizira sikunayende, ndikuti sikukusowa. Kutuluka - pangani chivindikiro kawiri. Kuti muchite izi, pakhomo la khomo likugona kuchokera ku njerwa (njira yomwe ili pamwambapa) kapena konkriti yolondola (chithunzi pansipa). Nthawi yomweyo, pali zokutira ziwiri - kuwala kamodzi (matabwa, kutsekedwa ndi epps, polystyrene chithovu), yachiwiri ndi yachitsulo yokhala ndi maloko.
Kuyika kwa khomo la cellar ya corolithic konkriti
Njira ina ndikupanga nyumba yaying'ono pamwamba pa khomo, ngati barn kapena shala. Osanena kuti sizingachitike, makamaka pamwamba pa phirilo, koma idzatseka khomo la mpweya.
Osati kwenikweni, koma mumamvetsetsa lingaliro
Eni enizi amapangira dide la maluwa pampando, kutsanzira kwa magazi, kumapangitsa madziwo, kenako kukonza mbewuzo kulowera pakhomo kungaonekere.
Chilichonse sichoyipa, koma njira iyi ili ndi minose yambiri: ndizosavuta kukwera m'chipinda chapansi chotere kuchokera mphete za simeri, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi lalikulu. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuganizira njira zotsatirazi - odekha. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kuli chimodzimodzi, ndipo kutonthoza kuli kochuluka.
Kuzungulira (kulibe)
Pali nyumba ina ya cellar ya mphete za konkriti - mtundu wa chopingasa. Ichi ndi mtundu wawung'ono kapena pamwamba cellar. Kapangidwe kameneka kuli koyenera ngati madzi apansi apansi. Kumbani dzenje losaya (osachepera 50 cm, koma akhoza kukhala akuya - momwe zinthu zimalolera).
Momwe Mungapangire Cellar ya Ronte Mphete
Mu dzenje amapanga maziko-slab (10 cm wandiweyani ndi kukula ndi 20-30 cm kuposa kukula kwa chipinda cham'tsogolo). 10-15 masentimita othira madzi ophatikizika. Pulap mu zigawo, 5 cm nthawi, mawonekedwe aliwonse osanjikiza. Ndiye kuthira ndi kuwononga mchenga 10 cm. Kanemayo amafalikira pa iyo, mawonekedwe ake amakhazikitsidwa, ndiye chimango cholimbitsa (lamba umodzi kuchokera kukhazikika 10 mm mu 20 cm. Center imasiya "malo okwera" pansi pa mphete zokhazikitsidwa mbali (pangani mawonekedwe a m'munsi kuchokera ku plywood ndi matabwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe ake). Pamene konkriti imagwidwa, mutha kutsuka mphete.
Nkhani pamutu: Kusintha Refiriji O-Gum
Mphete yakumbuyo ikhoza kukhala ndi pansi - kenako kumbuyo kwa msana sikofunikira. Ngati mphete yopanda pansi, khoma limakhala ndi njerwa (mu theka la njerwa), osayiwala kubweretsa chitoliro chotheratu. Kenako dzenje lomwe limaperekedwa limapangidwa kukhoma pafupi ndi chitseko.
Mwa kulumikiza zidutswa ndi thandizo la ma braketi omanga ndikusintha njira yolumikizira, yomaliza ya cellar yomwe ili pafupi imapezeka. Mphete zosakanikirana zimagona ndi dothi, ndikupanga phiri.
Pakupita kwa Cellar Cellar kuchokera ku mphete za konkriti
Tsopano chilichonse chatsala ndikukhazikitsa zitseko ndikuyika mipata yotsalira. Amayika ngodya zachitsulo kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito modekha (onse) mitengo yamatabwa yomwe zitseko zimakhazikika. Mapati otsalawo ndi abwino kwambiri kuti agone njerwa kapena chindapusa (mwala wachilengedwe pa yankho). Khoma lakutsogolo kapena liyenera kuyikika kuchokera mkati, kapena ndikofunikira kuti ikhale yolimba - iyi ndiye khoma lotuluka.
Kutsegulira mphepo
Pofuna kupereka katundu wosungidwa bwino, mpweya wabwino uyenera kupangidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Ndi gulu logwira mpweya, chinyezi mkati mwake chimasinthidwa mwachilengedwe. Pali njira ziwiri zokonzera mpweya pa cellar:
- Ndi mapaipi awiri omwe ali pamalo osiyanasiyana - kupezeka ndi kuwonongeka.
- Ndi chitoliro chimodzi - zomwe zimathandizira.
Njira zopumira cellar
Pofuna kuti mpweya wabwino uzigwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana, mapaipi awiri amafunikira - zowonjezera ndi zotupa. Amagawidwa kumbali yolumikizana m'chipindacho, ndikukhala ndi vuto. Mbewu yofikira imayamba patali ndi 40-50 masentimita kuchokera pansi pa nyumba. Itha kuchotsedwa kudzera pakhoma kapena m'mwamba, mpaka padenga (chivindikiro). Chitoliro chopopera chimayenera kufufutulira kwambiri momwe mungathere, chifukwa chake zimayamba pafupifupi padenga - pofika 10-15 masentimita pansipa. Imawonetsedwa mosamala, osachepera mita yotambalala padenga (chivindikiro). Kotero masamba amenewo samagwera mu mapaipi, amalimbikitsidwa ndi chida cha umbudzi, pachimake chopopera kuti chiziwongolera chitoliro chomwe mungayike.
Kodi mpweya wabwino umayenda bwanji? Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha, kukakamizidwa komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphepo. Mu cellar ya yophukira-yozizira, yotentha kuposa mumsewu. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chitoliro chopopera chimakwezedwa pamwamba pa denga, kuponderezedwa kumapangidwa. Zifukwa izi zimakakamiza mpweya wabwino kuchokera pansi pa denga kuti ayesetse, mwachindunji. Mpweya wabwino umabwera pamalopo kudera lakutali kwa mpweya pa chubu chobisalira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Izi zimathamanga kwambiri. Nthawi zina nyengo yozizira imakhala yogwira kwambiri, muyenera kuchepetsa gawo la mtanda wa mpweya wabwino. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyika chingwe chazithunzithunzi cha zida za giya kapena mawonekedwe a ntchentche, koma nthawi zambiri limakhala losavuta - limatsekedwa ndi chitoliro chochokera pamwambapa, mtundu wina wa mbale, wowombera.
Mu zigawo zazing'onoting'ono za masamba a cellar omwe ali paphiri, mutha kuchita ndi chitoliro chimodzi. Pankhaniyi, mpweya umatulutsidwa, umabwera.