Kuti dongosolo lotentha silina kukana kwakanthawi kotanganidwa kwambiri, nthawi yotentha idutsa mavuto, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zina za zidazo, kuti mudziwe zinthu zonse zovalidwa. Kuyendera koteroko kumatchedwa "kukanikiza dongosolo la kutentha", kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo ena.
Kodi makina otenthetsera ndi ofunda ndi otani?
Kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndi madongosolo awiri okhala ndi zida zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Monga momwe amadziwira, magwiridwe antchito amtundu uliwonse amatsimikizika ndi chinthu chofooka kwambiri - chikatha, chimayima kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Kuulula zofooka zonse ndi kuwombera matenthedwe ndi kuwombera. Ngati timalankhulanso chilankhulo chophweka, kukakamizidwa kumakulirakulira kwambiri kuposa wogwira ntchito, kupompa madzi. Chitani izi ndi zida zapadera, kuwongolera kukakamizidwa ndi zovuta. Dzina lachiwiri la mankhwala ndi mayeso a hydraulic. Mwina onani chifukwa chake.
Kukakamiza kupuma kumachitika pambuyo pokonzanso kapena asanatenthe
Makina otenthetsedwa akapanikizika, kukakamizidwa kumaleredwa ndi 25-80% kutengera mtundu wa mapaipi, ma radiators, zida zina. Zikuonekeratu kuti kuyesedwa kotereku kumazindikiritsa mfundo zonse zofooka - chilichonse chomwe chilibe mphamvu, zopuma, mu mapaipi ovala bwino komanso ma dial osafunikira amawoneka kutayikira. Mwa kuthetsa mavuto onse omwe azindikiritsidwa, onetsetsani kuti mwakutentha kwanu kapena madzi am'madzi kwakanthawi.
Ngati tikulankhula za kutentha kwapakati, kenako kulumbira kumachitika nthawi yomweyo nyengoyo. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala nthawi yoyenera nthawi yokonza. Koma si choncho pokhapokha zomwe zinachitika. Kukanikizabe kumadutsa pambuyo pokonza, m'malo mwake. Mwakutero, izi ndizomveka - ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zida zatsopano komanso zolumikizana. Mwachitsanzo, munayenda kuchokera ku mapaipi a Polypropylene akutenthetsa. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe mapangidwe apamwamba amayendera. Izi zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zomangira.
Ngati timalankhula za mapulogalamu aukhondo m'nyumba kapena nyumba, ndiye kuti madzi atsopano kapena okonzedwa nthawi zambiri amayang'aniridwa ndikungoyambitsa madzi, ngakhale sikuti amasokoneza mayeso. Koma kutentha ndikofunikira kudziwa "kwathunthu", ndipo musanatumize, ndipo mutakonza. Kumbukirani kuti mapaipi amenewo omwe akubisala kumakoma a pansi kapena pansi pa denga loyimitsidwa amayenera kuyesedwa mpaka atatseka. Kupanda kutero, ngati pakuyesa kuti pali kutaya komweko, muyenera kusokoneza / kusweka ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zovuta. Ndi ochepa amenewa apanga.
Zida zoyesera ndi pafupipafupi
Kukakamiza makina apakati kumachitika ndi ogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito antchito, chifukwa chake sizoyenera kukambirana izi. Koma zomwe zikukumana ndi chipata cha patonde ndi madzi, mwina aliyense amadziwa. Awa ndi mapampu apadera. Pali mitundu iwiri - buku lamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (chokha). Makina oyang'anira mapampu, kukakamizidwa kumaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lever, kuwongolera kukakamizidwa pazinthu zophatikizika. Mapampu oterewa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makina ang'onoang'ono - ndizovuta kutsitsa.
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Makina ochita zachiwerewere
Mapapu yamagetsi yamagetsi yolumikiza - zida zowopsa komanso zodula. Nthawi zambiri amapereka mwayi wopanga kukakamiza ena. Amakhazikitsidwa ndi wothandizira, ndipo "agwira" zokha. Zida zoterezi zikugula makampani omwe adalumikizana ndi zowonera.
Malinga ndi Snop, kuyesa kwa hydraulic kwamitundu yothira zinthu zonse, isanayambe kutentha. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa nyumba za anthu, nawonso, koma ochepa amatero. Chongani nthawi zonse zaka 5-7. Ngati simuyesa kuyesa kutentha kwanu chaka chilichonse, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chogula mankhwala a Epiaratus. Buku lotsika mtengo kwambiri lili pafupifupi $ 150, koma zabwino - kuyambira $ 250. Mwakutero, ndikotheka kuti mutenge ganyu (nthawi zambiri pamakhala makampani ogulitsa zinthu zotenthetsera kapena malo ogwirira ntchito. Ndalamazi zidzamasulidwa zazing'ono - mumafunikira chida kwa maola angapo. Ndiye izi ndi zotulutsa zabwino.
Itanani zapadera kapena mudzichite nokha
Ngati mukufunikira pazinthu zina zomwe zimachitika kuti muwombetse kutentha kapena madzi otentha, muli ndi njira imodzi yokhayo - kuyitanitsa ntchitoyi mu bungwe lapadera. Mtengo wothira kutentha kumatha kumera payekhapayekha. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa dongosololo, kapangidwe kake, kupezeka kwa zotsekerera ndi mawonekedwe awo. Mwambiri, mtengo umawonedwa kuti ndi wolipidwa kwa ola limodzi la ntchito, ndipo limasinthasintha kwa ma ruble a 1000 pa ola mpaka 2500 Rubles / Ola. Tiyenera kuyitanitsa mabungwe osiyanasiyana komanso kupirira nawo.
Makampani omwe amakhudzidwa ndi macheke a hydralialic a machitidwe, zida zambiri
Ngati mungakweze kutentha kwanyumba yanu kapena kupezeka kwa nyumba yanu, ndipo mukudziwa ndendende zomwe mapaipi ndi zida zili bwino, mulibe mchere mwa iwo, mutha kuchita zachipongwe. Palibe amene amafuna kuti aziyesa mayeso a hydraulic. Ngakhale mutawona kuti mapaipi ndi ma radiators ali otsekeka, mutha kutsuka chilichonse, pambuyo pake amayesedwanso. Ngati simukufuna kuchita izi, mutha kuyitanitsa akatswiri. Iwo nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga makinawo ndipo azigwira kalume wake, ndipo adzakupatsani zochita.
Machitidwe a hydrostatic makina (ojambula)
Magwiridwe ntchito
Mphepo yamtunduwu yothira nyumbayi imayamba ndi kupukutira kwa makina otenthetsera a Boiler, mpweya wokha wa mpweya wabwino ndi kutukuka. Ngati pali zotsekemera zotsekera pazidazi, ndizotheka kutseka, koma ngati ma cranes ndi olakwika, thanki yowonjezera idzalephera, ndipo boiler - kutengera nkhawa yomwe imapereka. Chifukwa chake, thanki yowonjezerayo ndiyabwino kuchotsa, makamaka popeza ndikosavuta kuchita izi, koma pankhani ya boiler ifunika kuyembekeza thanzi la nkhanu. Ngati pali a thermastators pa radiators, ndi zofunikanso kuchotsa - sakupangidwira kwambiri.
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Nthawi zina kutenthetsa konse kumayesedwa, koma gawo lina. Ngati ndi kotheka, imadulidwa mothandizidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa kukhazikika kapena kuyika osakhalitsa - Zizindikiro.
Pali malo awiri ofunikira: Kukanikiza kumatha kuchitika kutentha kwa mpweya osati kotsika kuposa + 5 ° C, kachitidweko kamadzaza ndi madzi ndi kutentha osakwera kuposa + 45 ° C.
Kenako, njirayi ndi iyi:
- Dongosolo likagwira ntchito, ndimatha kubereka.
- Crusher amalumikizidwa ndi kachitidwe. Kuchokera kwa Iye, pali payipi womaliza ndi mtedza wa Cape. Chinsinsi ichi chimalumikizidwa ndi kachitidwe kulikonse koyenera, osachepera pamalo a thanki yochotsa kapena m'malo mwa kuyika kwa crane.
- Madzi amathiridwa mu mphamvu ya pampu ya mankhwala, mothandizidwa ndi pampu imalumikizidwa mu kachitidwe.
Chipangizocho chimalumikizana ndi kulowetsedwa kulikonse - paulendo kapena wobwereketsa mapaipi - zilibe kanthu
- Musanakweze kupsinjika, muyenera kuchotsa mpweya wonse kuchokera ku kachitidwe. Kuti muchite izi, ndizotheka kupopera dongosolo pang'ono ndi crane yotseguka kapena kukoka ndege pa radiators (maevsky).
- Dongosololi limalumikizidwa ku zomangamanga, ndizothandiza osachepera mphindi 10. Munthawi imeneyi, mpweya wonse wotsala ukutsika.
- Kupanikizika kumatha kutsimikizika, ndikofunikira kwa nthawi ina (kulamulidwa ndi miyezo yaunduna kwa mphamvu). Pa mayeso, zida zonse ndi kulumikizana zimayesedwa. Amayesedwa, mawonekedwe a kutayikira. Ndipo ngakhale gawo lonyowa pang'ono limawonedwa kuti ndi pang'ono (zotulukapo zimafunikiranso kuchotsedwa).
- Nthawi yolumikiza, kupanikizika kumayendetsedwa. Ngati pakuyesako, kugwa kwake sikupitilira chizolowezi (cholembedwa ku Steva), kachitidweko kamawoneka ngati zabwino. Ngati kukakamizidwa kutsika pang'ono kuposa chizolowezi chochepa, muyenera kuyang'ana kutayikira, chotsani, kenako yambaninso.
Monga tafotokozera kale, kupsinjika kwa mipata kumadalira mtundu wa mayeso a zida ndi dongosolo (kuwotcha kapena madzi otentha). Malangizo mu Unduna wa Mphamvu ya Mphamvu, yopezeka mu "malamulo a ukadaulo wa mafuta opangira mafuta" (p. 9.13) Posavuta kugwiritsa ntchito patebulo.
| Mtundu wa Kuyesedwa kwa Zida | Kupsinjika | Kuyeza | Kuloledwa kukakamiza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Madzi okwera, oweta madzi | 1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | 5 mphindi | 0.02 MPA (0,2 KGF / CM2) |
| Adaponya ma radiators | 0.6 MPA (6 kgf / cm2) | 5 mphindi | 0.02 MPA (0,2 KGF / CM2) |
| Makina okhala ndi gulu ndi ma radiators | 1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | 15 mphindi | 0.01 MPA (0.1 kgf / cm2) |
| Makina otentha amadzi otentha amapangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo | Kuchita Chipwirikiti + 0.5 MPA (5 KGF / CM2), koma Osapitilira 1 MPA (10 KGF / CGF / CM2) | 10 Mphindi | 0.05 MPA (0,5 kgf / cm2) |
| Madzi otentha amagetsi pamapaipi apulasitiki | Kuchita Chipwirikiti + 0.5 MPA (5 KGF / CM2), koma Osapitilira 1 MPA (10 KGF / CGF / CM2) | 30 mphindi | 0.06 MPA (0.6 kgf / cm2), ndikuyesanso kwa maola awiri ndi dontho lalikulu la 0.02 MPA (0,2 KGF / CGF / CGF / CM2) |
Chonde dziwani kuti poyesa kutentha ndi mapaipi amadzi kuchokera pamapaipi apulasitiki, kukakamizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mphindi 30. Ngati panthawiyi palibe zopatuka zomwe zapezeka, dongosololi limawonedwa kuti likugwirizana ndi zilonda zam'mbuyomu. Koma mayesowo akupitiliza kwa maola ena awiri. Ndipo munthawi imeneyi, dontho mchitidwe mu kachitidwe siyenera kupitirira chizolowezi - 0.02 MPA (0.2 KGF / CGF / CM2).
Gome la Kupikisana Magulu Osiyanasiyana
Kumbali inayo, ku Step 3.05.01-85 (P 4.6) Pali malingaliro ena:
- Mayeso a kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa madzi ndi 1.5 kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito, koma osatsika kuposa 0,2 MPA (2 kgf / cgf2).
- Dongosolo limaganiziridwa moyenera ngati pakatha mphindi 5 kugwetsa 0,02 MPA (0,2 kgf / cm).
Ndi njira ziti zogwiritsira ntchito ndi funso losangalatsa. Zomwe zikalata komanso zotsimikizika palibe chitsimikizo, ndiye kuti ndizoyenera zonse. Ndikofunikira kuyandikira mlandu uliwonse payekhapayekha, kupatsidwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe zinthu zake zimawerengedwa. Chifukwa chake kukakamizidwa ndi ma radiator osakwana 6 sikupitilira 6 ATM, motsatana, kukakamiza koyeserera kumakhala 9-10 ATM. Ndikofunikanso kutsimikiziridwa ndi zigawo zina zonse.
Kukanikiza mpweya
Osakhala paliponse ndipo nthawi zonse sikhala ndi mwayi wobwereketsa munthu wamsonga, momwe angagulire. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuyesa kutentha pa kanyumba. Zipangizozo ndi zachindunji komanso mwayi womwe umadziwika kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, makina omenyera ufulu amachitidwa ndi mpweya. Kwa jakisoni wake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito compressor aliyense, ngakhale okhawokha. Potengera kukakamizidwa, Gaige yolumikizidwa yolumikizidwa imatsatiridwa.
Mlanduwo ndiwosavuta ndipo osati wolondola kwathunthu. Kutentha ndi kuperekera madzi kumawerengeredwa pa mayendedwe amamwa, ndipo ndi omwazikulu. Pomwe madzi sadzamva, mpweya udzamasulidwa. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi chidaliro kwambiri, titha kunena kuti kutaya kwa mpweya udzakhala - kwinakwake, padzakhala kulumikizana. Komanso, kudziwa malo opukusira kuti kuyesedwa koteroko ndikovuta. Ntchito pa yankho la sopo, lomwe likusowa mafupa onse ndi malumikizidwe, malo onse omwe mpweya ungatuluke. Magulu amawonekera pamalo otayira. Nthawi zina kuyang'ana kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndiye chifukwa chake kugonjera kutentha kwa kutentha sikotchuka kwambiri.
Kuphimba pansi pansi kuli ndi mawonekedwe ake - muyenera kuyang'ana kaye ndi zipesa ndi zida zonse zokhazikika pa iyo. Kuti muchite izi, tsekani malupu onse amadzakudya ndi malupu, ndikudzaza kutentha kwa kutentha, yang'anani. Popeza ndaponya bwinobwino, ndipo lembani kuzungulira kwa pansi, ndipo pokhapokha kugonjetsedwa kumapangidwa. Njirayi imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu vidiyoyi.
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