Pansi yotentha ndi dongosolo lapadera lomwe limapereka kutentha ndi kutonthoza m'nyumba. Maziko a kachitidwe chotere ndikukhazikitsa masitepe apadera apakatikati kapena mapaipi okhala ndi ozizira, omwe amathiridwa ndi simenti yoyeserera pambuyo poyang'ana magwiridwe antchito.
Chiwembu chothirira pansi magetsi pansi.
Thirani pansi ndi manja anu omwe siabwino, koma ndikofunikira kuti mumveke bwino ndi zinthu zonsezi, sankhani osakaniza apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri yankho wamba simenti itayikidwa, imayikidwa m'magawo awiri - zokonzekera Black ndikumaliza, zomwe zimadzazidwa pambuyo pokhazikitsa dongosolo ndikulumikizana.
Ofunda
Musanatsanulira pansi, muyenera kudziwa zigawo zingati. Zonse zimatengera boma lomwe lili pansi. Nthawi zina amafunikira kuti apereke zokutira. Makulidwe a gawo lotereli ndi mpaka 5 cm, dzinza yokha ndikofunikira kuti agwirizane pamtunda, apangitse kukhala yoyenera kukhazikitsa dongosolo lotentha.
Chithunzi chofunda pansi ndi tayi.
Wosanjidwa wachiwiri wadzaza amatchedwa Chistov. Ndi owala, omwe amathira mwachindunji ku dongosolo lokhazikika la ivent ndipo ndiye maziko a kuyika pansi. Kukula kwa mawonekedwe awa ndi kwakukulu, kumatha kufikira 10 cm, koma chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kusankha kusakaniza ndi momwe kutentha kudzagawidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, opanga ma syplems achikondi amapereka malingaliro pazomera, popeza zowonda kwambiri kapena zokulirapo sizikhala zoyipa ndikutentha. Poyamba, dongosolo limatha kuwonongeka mwangozi.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti mudzaze ndi zosakaniza wamba kapena gwiritsani ntchito pang'ono, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mtundu. Ndiothandiza kwambiri. Madzi amafunikira kuti ikhale yocheperako, ndipo kuthamanga kwa oundana kumatha. Mphamvu yadzaza ndi yokwera.
Osati konkriti ndi wofufuza, komanso Fibrovolok, ma polima, kulola kuti ntchitoyo isakhale yosavuta komanso yachangu, ndi gawo la semi-shore. Njira yakugona siyosiyana ndi nthawi zambiri ndi nthawi zambiri, osakaniza amagawidwa ndendende pamtunda, ogwirizana. Kuwala ndi chizindikirocho kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito, ndipo makoma ozungulira amayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi riboni wong'ung'udza.
Nkhani pamutu: Kukhazikitsa kwa mabatani: Zida, zida, kukonzekera kutseguka ndi kukhazikitsa
Chernovaya kudzaza ndi mawonekedwe ake
Mapulogalamu a screed.Kutsanulira pansi ndi manja anu, muyenera kuchita zomaliza, i. Dzazani woyamba. Izi zimapangitsa pansi kukhala osalala komanso oyenera kukhazikitsa njira yotentha, komanso imaperekanso zofunikira kuti zikuumitsidwe. Musanayambe kulemba, muyenera kuuluka makhoma mozungulira, ikani tepi yapadera.
Kuthira kumachitika ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita 5, koma pansi ayenera kutembenukira bwino. Chifukwa cha ichi, chizindikiro ndi zophimba zowalazi zimayikidwa. Mutha kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo pamatumba apansi pamunsi ndi kuthirira kwake, chilichonse chimatengera mawonekedwe apansi. Kuti mutsanule, mchenga wamba wa simenti umagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mutha kugula othirira apadera a Semi m'masitolo omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri.
Beton yomaliza
Kudzaza pansi pansi kotentha kumachitika pomwe kachitidweko kamatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chifukwa cha pansi, ozizira amafunikiranso. Pamapeto omaliza, mipata yapadera yamatenthedwe imathamangitsidwa, koma pamafunika zipinda zazikulu. Seam siovuta kwambiri, mumangofunika kudula ma groorowo mpaka 3-4 cm . Izi zitha kuchitika ndi disk ya disk. Slot yomwe idachitika ndi chithovu - foalad polyethylene, kenako mbalame yomwe ili pamwambapa imatsekedwa ndi chibwibwi chosindikizidwa cha silicone.
Kudzaza pansi pansi kotentha kumachitika ndi konkriti, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofuna za kachulukidwe konse. Ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu wa konkriti kuntchito molondola, pakadali pano M150-300 ndi yoyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, M150 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona, ndipo m300 - ya mafakitale.
Pansi zokuzira.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zowonjezera pazosakaniza zimathandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu, kusintha zinthu, koma zinthu ngati izi sizimafunikira kudzaza pansi. Popanda iwo, ndizotheka kuchita, zimasunga chida cholunga, koma sichikhudza mtundu. Kuthira kumatha kupangidwa ndi mitengo ya simenti-mchenga, koma njira iyi si yabwino.
Pomaliza kudzaza, ndi bwino kuyika konkriti yapadera yojambulira pang'ono, imakhala cholimba kwambiri komanso yolimba, pansi pambuyo pouma sikuti ikuwakana.
Nkhani pamutu: pansi mfundo yotentha pansi ndi manja anu
Kuthira pansi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apadera pokonzekera osakaniza:
- Tsegulani molondola: 1 gawo la simenti pa 6 magawo a madontho ophika.
- Yankho konkriti potengera zinyalala ndi mchenga. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga gawo limodzi mwa simenti, ma 3.5 magawo amchenga, magawo 4 a zinyalala.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zopangidwa ndi kukonzekera zomwe zimagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma, amangowathira mokwanira. Wotchinga nyumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa, ma pulasitiki amaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe kake kuti ithandizire kusangalatsa.
Pansi
Kuthira pansi madzi ofunda.
Pansi pa pansi, kudzazidwa kumachitika motsatira mikhalidwe ina yomwe imakhudzanso. Chifukwa chakumwa chakuda, makulidwe ankhukutira kuyenera kukhala 5 cm. Izi ndizokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuphatikizika pansi, mphamvu yofunika yotentha kwambiri.
Pomaliza kumaliza, makulidwe amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi 5-10 cm. Magawo amatengera cholinga cha chipindacho. Mwachitsanzo.
Mukamachita ntchito ngati imeneyi ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kugawa koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zovala, kudzikundikira, i. Kupulumutsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Wosanjikiza kwambiri ndiwosavuta.
Kupulumutsa pa yankho la konkriti, mutha kungotentha kwambiri, chifukwa kutentha kwa pansi kotereku kukhazikika, dongosololi lidzaphatikizidwanso nthawi zambiri, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zimachuluka.
Sizingatheke kuchita utali wotsatsa, chifukwa idzatenga nthawi yambiri yotenthetsera, ndipo mawonekedwewo adzatentha kwambiri. Akatswiri ogonana ofunda amalangizidwa kuti aziyang'ana mtengo wokwanira wa 5-8 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira pa ntchito yosayiwala za zochitika zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kuyenera kukhala kokha. Palibe chifukwa choti musayambike pamatenthedwe, ngakhale mutakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera ndi zina zowonjezera.
Mukakhala kuti simungathe kuyerekezera?
Senteme pansi yotentha ndi dongosolo la mabatani omangika.
Mukamagwira ntchito pa chipangizo chotentha pansi, muyenera kulondola kuti masitepe onse alemekezedwa mu dongosolo lomwe likufunika. Ndikosatheka kuyamba kuthira pansi pazinthu ngati izi:
- Ngati palibe zolemba pamakoma, malinga ndi momwe makulidwe amasinthira.
- Pakakhala pa tepi yonyowa kapena ngati itaikidwa bwino, kungoyang'ana kumbuyo kwa makoma, kuli ndi zopunthwitsa.
- Simungathe kutsanulira chomaliza chomaliza chisanachitike dongosolo lonse silinayang'anitsidwe, chifukwa sizingatheke kukonza mavutowo. Muyenera kuchotsa zokutira zonse zolumikizira ndikuchitanso zowala.
- Ndikosatheka kudzaza madzi pansi ngati madzi mu chitoliro sichikuyenda, chifukwa kulemera kwa konkriti ndikukayikira.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungapangire mashelufu pa loggia ndi khonde
Matembenuzidwe ambiri pansi
Kuti mumveke bwino pansi, muyenera kuchita malamulo osavuta awa:
Mapulogalamu ofunda pansi.
- Choyamba, ntchito zonse za pulasitala zimafunikira. Pomwe pulasitalayo ndi youma, mutha kuyamba kugwira ntchito yotsanulira.
- Kaboni wonyowa amaphatikizidwa ndi khoma mozungulira mozungulira pansi, zimathandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri a kutentha.
- Ndikosatheka kuyambitsa zeze musanachitidwa ndipo olemba nyali sanayikidwe. Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito iwo, pansi padzakhala yosalala komanso yokongola, yoyenera kukhazikitsa makina otenthetsera okha ndi kukayika zokutira zakunja.
- Ndikofunikira kupanga osakaniza moyenera kudzaza. Ngakhale osakaniza owuma atagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amasudzulidwa ndi madzi, amafunikira kuti agwirizane ndi kuchuluka konse, chifukwa mphamvu, kudalirika kwa kutentha kumatengera izi. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa dzinza. Kugwiritsa ntchito ziweto zofunda sikungakhale kothandiza ngati wosanjikizayo azokha kapena owonda, kumapeto kwake pali chiopsezo chowononga dongosolo.
- Ngati malowo ndi wamkulu, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukonza kutentha kwapadera kumaso.
Pakudzaza pansi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zosiyanasiyana za simenti. Izi zitha kukhala zosakaniza zofiirira zokonzeka, zomwe zimangosudzulidwa ndi madzi, yankho lomwe limaperekedwa palokha kuchokera pa zosakaniza zofunikira (simenti, miyala, pansi). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera zapadera zomwe zimadziwika ndi mtundu wapamwamba. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dzanja, ndikofunikira kutsatira momveka bwino zofunikira zonse ndi magawo, chidwi cha zomwe akuwona.