Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka zana zapitazi, nsalu zachilengedwe zokhazo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zovala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu za chomera zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakupita kwazaka mazana angapo, anayesera kuti awapeze m'malo mwake, ndipo kuchita bwino m'derali kunakwaniritsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIX. Patent yoyamba ya chiberekero chopezeka pa cellulose yoperekedwa mu 1884 ndi Frenman de Shardne, ndipo nsalu yoyambirira itapezeka ku England mu 1893.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ulusi wopanga adalandira kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale zida zopangira pokonzekera zimagwirabe ma cellulose, minyewa ya minofu yomwe imapezeka ku zoweta, komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi cholinga chawo chitha kukhala osiyanasiyana.
Risiti ndi mitundu
Pofuna kuthana ndi tanthauzo la ma viscose ndichakuti nsalu zake zimapangidwa pamaziko ake komanso zomwe zingakhale mawonekedwe ake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zinthu zambiri zopangira zopangira. Mosiyana ndi ulusi wachilengedwe, wopezeka mwachindunji ku nyama kapena zolengedwa, kapena zopangidwa ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma viruse, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi kapena filimu ( celkumane).
Dzinalo limachitika kuchokera ku liwu la Chilatini "chomata", izi zidalandiridwa chifukwa cha mafayilo a chinthucho, zomwe ulusi wake umapangidwa. Njira yofala kwambiri ndi yofatsa yosimba za matabwa osweka mitengo kapena katundu wa thonje, chifukwa cha omwe amatha kupezeka kuti ndi ulusi wonyezimira wonyezimira wowoneka ngati wasayansi komanso fluffy. Mosasamala kanthu za njira yopezera yankho la cellulosic, kupanga kwa ma viscose kumachitika motere:
- kuyeretsa, kupera ndi kukonza zopangira;
- kusungunula ndikuchotsa madzi owonjezera;
- Cholinga cha ma viscose owerengeka kudzera m'mafayilo ndi mapangidwe a ulusi;
- Kutsatira kwawo pambuyo pake (kuyanika, kukanikiza, kutaya, kupaka utoto, etc.).
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Zingwe zomwe zimachitika zimatha kukhala ndi nsaukulu, yaukadaulo kapena szople.
- Kuchokera ku woonda komanso wopanda ulusi wosakhalitsa, nsalu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma vinicwoar a visose amapangidwa, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowonjezera za ulusi wina popanga zosakanikirana.
- Zingwe zazikulu komanso zolimba zaukadaulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida.
- Gulu lapadera ndifombi lomwe limakhala ndi kutalika pang'ono. Nsapato zomata, ubweya wa ubweya, zomwe sizikhala zosoka zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzimenezo.
- Kufuna komaliza kwagwiritsa ntchito ma viscose kuti muchepetse, komwe kumadziwika ndi zofewa zapadera komanso zosavuta.
Kugawika kwa nsalu zopangira kumatha kuchitidwa molingana ndi zomwe akukonzekera, njira zosinthira ulusi, komanso kapangidwe ka ziweto. Mwa mitundu yambiri ya zida zopangira zimatha kugawidwa monga:
- Silika (triacetate) silika, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi glitter, Flitter yaying'ono ndipo siyikhala yosakhazikika;
- Chovala - ulusi wosungunuka, wokhala ndi kapangidwe ka nkhosa yool, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yake;
- Dumper ndi nsalu yosankhika chifukwa cha ulusi wamkuwa wa mkuwa, zomwe zimayandikira silika yachilengedwe;
- ModAl - ma viscose okhazikika potengera Eucalyptus, paini kapena beech, amatanthauza zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe;
- The Analsel (Lio-cell) - buluzi wa Eucalyptic Cellulose, yokonzedwa ndi matelonononomine aluso, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ndi katundu wa antiseptic;
- Satel - ma viscose okhazikika potengera nkhuni zodzikongoletsera;
- Zipangizo za Polinky - zida za ma visse omwe ali ndi ulusi wakuda, umadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutukuka;
- A Bamboo - zida zochokera pa cellulose, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri m'malo ake oyandikana ndi ma cellusic pamtundu wa ma cellusic torsing ndi mantha a bamboo.
Katundu wazinthu zopangira
Zovala za Viscose zimatha kufanana ndi zinthu zilizonse zachilengedwe kuchokera ku ubweya, kupatula, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, sizimapangitsa kusintha kwapakhungu, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya spenthetics . Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu yonse ya ma viscose ndi awa:- Zofewa komanso zomverera mosamala;
- Hygrosophicity;
- Kukhazikika kwa mpweya;
- "Kutentha" katundu;
- kulimba;
- Zojambula zosiyanasiyana;
- Kuperewera kwa Kupanga Macromication;
- mtengo wotsika (kwa mitundu yambiri);
- Osavuta kubwezeretsanso.
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Komabe, nkhaniyi ili ndi zovuta zambiri. Choyamba, sikhazikika kwambiri ndipo simasiyana mumphamvu yonyowa, amataya msanga mukamawonekera ndi ultraviolet. Zipangizo zonse zopangira zimakhala zolimba komanso zosiyanitsidwa ndi ma nggins apamwamba. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti katundu wabwino nthawi zambiri amatembenuka komanso zovuta: Chifukwa chake, hygrosopicity yabwino imatsogolera ku chinyezi chosafunikira, komanso mitundu ina ya miyoyo, monga nsuzi, monga nsudzi. Kufatsa kwambiri kumabweretsa kuti malonda awa samasungidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo popanda kukonza mwapadera sangathe kupanga zikwangwani ndi misonkhano ikuluikulu.
Ku funsoli, ngakhale ma viscose amakhala pansi, yankho lolakwika kuti lizivuta. Zovala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe zimatha kupereka mwamphamvu. Zipangizo zokonzedweratu zimapezeka ndi kukonza mwapadera, zomwe zimalepheretsa shrinka ndi kupangitsa kuti canvas ipangidwe. Komanso ndizovuta kumvetsera, ma viscose amatambalala kapena ayi. Wokokedwa, ma viscose azungu ndi zotanuka kwambiri, ndipo kuti katunduyo agulitse nsalu zowoneka, ayenera kuwonjezera Elastane. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa zinthu zosafunikira, muyenera kupenda mosamala kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe a ma viscose sadutsa 30%, pakadali pano zinthu zomwe sizikufunidwa sizowonekera.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusamalira
Ogula ambiri sadziwa kuti zinthu zojambulajambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati phukusi, popanga zikopa zowoneka bwino komanso zikopa zaukadaulo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zovala zoyera za ma viscose, ndi ma viscose zikuchitika pakadali pano kuposa zaka zana zapitazo. Kwenikweni, zinthu zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazophatikizika ku India ku India, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe, zazotsika mtengo. Izi sizikukhudza zida zamakono ngati bamboo, modal, Menal, etch. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito posoka zovala zosiyanasiyana, nsalu, bedi. Mayamwidwe a Viscose amatha kupanga matawulo otchuka kwambiri, zowonjezera zosamba, kuyeretsa zida.
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Kugula malonda kuchokera ku ulusi wochita kupanga, muyenera kuti mudzidziwe bwino malamulo a kunyamuka komwe kukuwonetsedwa pa zilembo. Ngati palibe malongosoledwe oterewa, ndiye kuti malamulo aposachedwa, momwe angatsutsire ma viscose, chotere:
- Kuchapa - zamalonda kapena modekha modetsa kutentha kwa madigiri 30;
- osalowerera ndale popanda bulichi;
- Spin imapangidwa pamiyeso yaying'ono, yosambitsa pang'ono pamakina osakanikirapo popanda kupotoza kapena kulowa mu thaulo;
- Zogulitsa, makamaka vicosemider, zouma pamalo oyimirira kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha;
- Kugwedeza kumapangidwa mu "silika", wopanda popewa komanso wopanda kuwawa ndi madzi.