Kutentha kwa pansi pansi pa tingi kumapangidwa pamwamba pa konkriti kuti tilepheretse kulowa kwina kuchokera ku chipinda chapansi. Komanso zoteteza pansi pa mawuwo zimatha kuteteza pansi ku chinyezi mu chinyezi m'bafa, kukhitchini, mabafa.
Mu msika wamakono Pali ambiri a mitundu yonse ya zinthu zoteteza pazovala zosindikizira. Mwachitsanzo, galasi lakudzimadzi la madzi osambira limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira, timelet chimakomera pansi chimachitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zogubuduzika. Munkhaniyi, taganizirani momwe mungapangire pansi pa nyumbayo: mitundu ya zopereka ndi ukadaulo wa ntchito.
Kufunika Kwa Zipinda Zosindikiza
Khalidwe labwino lidzalola kusungidwa kwamphamvu pakuwonekera kwa madzi ndi mphamvu majekisi
Anthu ambiri amakhala mokwanira kwambiri pa chipangizo cha pansi. Pakadali pano, chitetezo cha pansi kulowera ku chinyontho ndikofunikira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. M'nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, izi zimapangitsa kuteteza pansi pamadzi ndi majereure osiyanasiyana.
Anthu onse okhala m'malo okwera kwambiri amadziwa zomwe zili ndi kusefukira kwa nyumba yotsika ndi amuna ochokera kumwamba. Mwa zinafananso, ngakhale kuti sizinali zonyansa, zimatha kukhala ndi ubale pakati pa oyandikana nawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutulutsa maubwenzi apanja ndi oyandikana nawo
Ndipo za kubwezeredwa ndalama zosemphana ndi ndalama zosefukira - zazitali, kukambirana zopatula, makamaka ngati zinali zopanda chiyembekezo ndi kukonza kwapamwamba kapena mipando yokondedwa yowonongeka. Koma mavuto onsewa amalola kuti pansi panyumba isanakwane.
Pansi pa madzi osungiramo madzi kumalepheretsa chinyezi kulowa m'malo okhala ndi pansi kapena pansi. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati nyumbayo imamangidwa panjira yokhala ndi madzi okhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi kapena osakwanira amatulutsa makhoma apansi.
Pankhaniyi, kulowa kwa nthunzi yonyowa mwina kumatha kuchipinda chammwamba, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuti ziwonjezeke.
Mitundu ya madzi
Kupanda madzi pamaso pa tanga kumatha kukhala mitundu itatu kutengera ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida.Kapangidwe
Kuthetsa pang'ono chidindo
Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi phula lokhala ndi zowonjezera zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi zochulukirapo komanso zochulukirapo: chrumble, ma pulasitala, ma pulasitala, mafilimu, etc. Adalinganiza kuti azitha kusintha momwe akuphatikizira mukamagwira ntchito ndi izi ndikuwonjezera zowoneka bwino pambuyo pake.
Komanso zowonjezera zimapangitsa kuti kuwonjezera chotsatira cha zokutira ndi pansi pa konkriti. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokutidwa ndi galasi lamadzimadzi, phula ndi polymer mastic.
Kuphatikiza pa kuti nyimbo zogulira zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka kwa malo osungirako, zimalepheretsa pansi ndi luso la konkriti, popanga gawo la chiwonetserochi.
Tenga
Kufanana kwa madzi pansi pamanja kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogubuduzika. Kupanga zinthuzo kumatha kuphatikizira kulimbikitsa zokonda za fiberglass ndi ma polima.
Kuti mukhazikitse zosavuta, zida zina zogubuduzika zimapangidwa mu mtundu wotsatsa.
Zida zosefukira za pansi zimalumikizidwa ndi pansi pa konkriti pogwiritsa ntchito moto wapamwamba.
Ophatikizidwa
Kuphatikiza madzi osakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinyezi chambiri
Nkhani pamutu: kuwerengera kwa nsalu yamafuta
Kumadzi konkriti konkriti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa chitetezo chodzaza ndi kuwonongeka. Ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere chilengedwe mu chipinda chapansi kapena kupewa kuyenda m'madzi kudzera m'mabafa ndi khitchini.
Njira yophatikizira imapereka ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito yolumikizira ndi kuwongolera vatiatents, pomwe madzi otchinga amatha kupanga ma 3-4.
Mitundu ya zinthu zothandizira
Zida zosanjikiza pansi zimasiyana mitundu yayikulu. Ali ndi luso losiyanasiyana laukadaulo, choncho asanagule muyenera kuwerengera mosamala malangizowo.Zokutira
Ruberid ndiwotsika mtengo komanso wodalirika
Zida zothetsa zoterezi zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kodziwika bwino, komanso analogues amakono - hydroizol, Philip, Isoplast, etc. Ndi zinthu zokwanira zowonda zokwanira zoperekedwa ngati ma rolls.
Njira yofananira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi matabwa oyenda ndi matabwa. Pakati pa zabwino za zinthu zokulungira ziyenera kutchedwa kuti mtengo wotsika komanso wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Chiwonetsero chambiri sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyambira ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zothandizira (mabafa, mabafa, makhitchini).
Zipangizo zokulungira nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi guluu kapena ndi otenthera
Chowonadi ndichakuti chimakhazikitsidwa pa bolodi yanthawi zonse yolembedwa ndi phula, kotero nthawi yake yochita chinyezi nthawi zonse ndi chinyezi cha 2 mpaka 3.
Kwa malo oterowo, zomwe zida zokutira zamakono ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pama polymer zigawo.
Kudzipatula kutseguka pansi kumatha kuphatikizidwa m'njira zingapo:
- Mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo zomata - phula ndi polymer mastic;
- kuwomba pansi ndi moto wotseguka;
Zida zokhazikika
Amakhala ndi zikopa zopangidwa ndi ma polima, nthawi zambiri - chitsulo chachitsulo.
Kudzipatula kumeneku kumayikidwa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito angu kapena misomali.
Kuchokera kumwamba, zishango zimakutidwa ndi mastic, mafupa pakati pawo ndizoyenera makamaka.
Malinga ndi ukadaulo wa kugona kumtundu womwewo wa kudzipatula ndikugudubuza Masamu a Bentonite.
Pa zipinda zokhala ndi nyumba, ukadaulo wotere umagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ndi malo opanga ndi malonda a kuchuluka kwakukulu.
Kutalikirana Kwambiri
Kusunga kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a granules
Malingaliro ochulukirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa mangani pansi, kapena mwachindunji pansi pa mtengo. Kuti muchite izi, mawonekedwe onyamula amakwezedwa pansi, momwe ma incuring adakutidwa ndi chipinda.
Ndi granular kapena zopangidwa ndi mchenga zomwe zimaletsa kulowa chinyezi.
Maphunziro apamwamba a ukadaulo wotere - kapangidwe kake kumatha 'kudyedwa "kutalika kwa nyumbayo, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, makulidwe amafunika kuyambira 20 mpaka 40 cm.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochulukirapo kuyenera kudziwiratu pamalo okonzekera.
Kupaka Kusoka
Zipangizozi zidapezeka chifukwa cha njira yogwiritsira ntchito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri - kuzizira komanso kutentha. Poyamba, kapangidwe ka epoxy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi burashi wamba, komanso m'malo akulu - odzigudubuza. Momwe munganyengere bafa yosatha, onani kanemayu:
Glag yamadzi
Magalasi otchinga amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu mawonekedwe ozizira, ndipo chisanu chimachitika pansi pa zomwe olimbana nawo amawonjezeredwa.
Nkhani pamutu: Ndi chithunzi chiti chosankha chipinda chopapatiza, maupangiri ndi malingaliro
Mwaukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito, nyimbozo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaziko a phula, zomwe zimatenthetsa musanagwiritse ntchito kuti ziperekedwe. Gome likuwonetsa zizindikiro zaukadaulo wa nyimbo za hungun zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pokutidwa pansi.
Imakonzedwa ndikukukutira osati kokhazikika kwa konkriti, komanso kumaloko am'mphepete mwa makoma ozungulira a chipinda cha 20 - 30 cm. .
Zipangizo Zambiri
Kuthetsa kwachuma kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupange malo owonda kwathunthu
Ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokutidwa. Ali ndi kusasintha kwamadzimadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito pansi kumachitika ndi njira yodzaza makoma ndi okutira.
Zotsatira zake, kudzipatula kwa monolithic kumapezeka, komwe kumalepheretsa kulowetsedwa kwa chinyezi kudzera mu kugunda.
Magalasi amadzimadzi onyowa amathanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pansi polemba ukadaulo wambiri. Malingaliro okhawo omwe ali ndi zida zoterezi ndi mtengo waukulu, nthawi zina kupitirira njira yofananira yomwe ili.
Ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi ntchito
Iliyonse ya matekinoloje pamwambayo imafunikira njira yake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Musanayambe ndi ntchitoyo, maziko ayenera kukonzedwa.Kukonzekera
Choyamba, cholembera cha konkriti chimayenera kukhala champhamvu kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya kuipitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kapena kuphatikiza ming'alu yonse yopezeka ndi ming'alu m'malo ovala konkriti kapena m'malo a makoma a makoma ndi pansi. Izi zimapewa kulowerera kwa ma ngulu kuchokera ku malo otsatirawa kwa osanjikiza madzi.
Pamaso pa chipangizo chamadzimadzi chisanachitike, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muteteze tepi yapadera yotsika pansi pakhoma. Icho chimapangidwa kuti lilipire zakukula ndikuchepetsa zinthu zosafunikira pomwe kutentha kumadontha.
Musaiwale za priseptic primer
Chotsatira chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi poyambiranso. Ikuwonjezera zisonyezo zotsatsa (hitch) ya zomatira kapena zokutira ndi pansi.
Ndikofunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizika kwapadera paonyamula, komwe sikulola kuti nkhungu ndi nkhungu ili ndi makulidwe. Nthawi yomweyo musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mastic, muyenera kuchotsa fumbi ndi zinyalala zazing'ono zochokera pansi pamunsi.
Ngati mukufuna kukonza zogawana pokonza, kenako kuwanyalanyaza kuyenera kuchotsedwa musanagwiritse ntchito chitoliro chamadzi chopereka. Kupanda kutero, sipadzakhudzidwa ndi kusokonekera kwa malowo.
Kukhazikitsa kwa zikuluzikulu za Hydro
Lingalirani magawo akuluakulu a kuyikako zakukhosi kwa madzi. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomatira zomatira, ndikofunikira kutsatira bwino maziko a pansi. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kuyika zinthu zamadzimadzi, zomwe zimatchedwa "pansi" zochulukirapo ". Kuti mumve zambiri za njirayi, onani vidiyoyi:
Pambuyo pokonzekera maziko, omwe amaphatikizanso shp angathe komanso woyamba, kudziko lapansi lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zomatira - phula emulsion kapena polymer mastic. Ikani zomata zomatira konse sizikhala ngati zolimba. Ndikokwanira kuphonya pansi pa lingaliro la mizere ya diapoonal.
Kutenthetsa, yokulungira mumbali yomwe mukufuna
Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi burner ya gasi kapena chowuma chomangira, kuwotcha m'mphepete mwa mpukutu wa pulasitiki ndikugubuduza limodzi la makoma.
Madoko otumphuka ayenera kukhala ophatikizidwa ndi khoma ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa masentimita 100. Timapanga zomata za mizere yotsatira ndi khomalo komanso pepala loyandikana ndi ma cm.
Zolemba pamutu: Kukongoletsa mkatikati: Ndondomeko ya Nyengo ya Udzu (38 Zithunzi)
Malumikizidwe awo amalembedwa bwino ndi mastic. Mapepala osokoneza bongo omwe ali pachimake amayenera kumasula mosamala kuti asapangidwe mabungwe amlengalenga pansi pawo.
Ngati mukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsatsa zodzitchinjiriza, ndiye mutasinthiratu pepalalo limasungidwa ndi torch kapena yomanga mphamvu kwambiri kuposa kufewetsa pansi potsatsa ndi pansi.
Popeza kukulunga ngalande nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa pamaziko a photon, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsa moto wotseguka, chitetezero chamoto chimayenera kuonedwa.
Mwachangu bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azigonana ndi zida zokulungira madzi mu zigawo 2-3, chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chofalitsidwa ndi chapitacho.
Kutsatira zokutira
Musanagwiritse ntchito mastic, yeretsani pansi chifukwa cha zinyalala
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mapangidwe amadzimadzi ndi osavuta - pa izi tidzangodzigudubuza kapena burashi. Musanagwiritse ntchito madzi osautsa, pansi pa pansi ndi makhoma ayenera kutsukidwa kwa fumbi ndi zinyalala zazing'ono, pambuyo pake zomwe zakonzedwa.
Yambitsani kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimachokera kumakoma. Limbani ndi burashi kapena makoma ozungulira mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm kuchokera pansi pamtunda wa chipindacho. Pambuyo pake, timapita ku utoto wapansi. Mtundu wa pansi m'chipindacho ndikofunikira kuti mupange phwando limodzi, apo ayi kuti pakhale kusamalira zopumira pakati pa mastic a mastic.
Mapu a polymer amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito - atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsegulira chidebe. Ndi za mitundu yotere yagalasi yopanda madzi ndi zina zodzilimbitsa.
Phula - maziko a zida zopanda madzi
Nyimbo zopanda pake musanagwiritse ntchito ziyenera kutenthetsedwa kuti ziwapatse pulasitiki ndi madzi. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali yomanga kapena nyali yogulitsa. Asanatemberedwe, phula la phula liyenera kuyikidwa mu thanki yachitsulo kuti musacheze mwachindunji ndi lawi lotseguka.
Amayikidwa "ozizira" komanso "otentha" m'magawo angapo, aliyense atayanika kwathunthu kwa osanjikiza apitawa.
Kudzitchinjiriza kwa pansi zofunda
Makina ofunda pansi amakhazikitsidwa kwambiri m'malo okhala. Musanakhazikitse pansi zofunda, pansi pake kumachitika koyenera. Idzapulumutsa olumikizana ndi magetsi ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo zochokera ku chimbudzi ndi kutsekedwa. Zambiri za njirayi zikuyang'ana mu kanemayu:
Tikatunduwu, opangidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Pansi pa pansi, wosanjikiza wamadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kuwala konkriti kumathiridwa pamasana.
- Dongosolo lalikulu limayikidwa.
- Pamwamba pa pansi pansanga, sekondi ya konkriti yonkriti imakhutitsidwa, kapena chophimba pansi chimakhazikika.
Osagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamitengo tating'onoting'ono
Mukagwiritsa ntchito pansi zofunda, osalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zotayira zamadzi zongocheza ndi madzi. Mukamatenthe mawaya magetsi otenthetsera, kapena mapaipi achitsulo, kuchiritsa ndi phula. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zosagwedezeka sizingangotaya zinthu zake, koma ndizothekanso kumasula zinthu zoyipa mlengalenga.
Kufunafuna pansi pachivundikiro, amatha kukhala ndi mawu enieni moyo mwa anthu omwe ali pa nyumbayo.