Ntchito yomanga nyumba yadziko limachitika m'magawo angapo. Panthawi inayake, pamene nyumba zotetezera zakunja zimamangidwa, zimabwera pansi. M'tsogolomo, chiwonetsero cha kulumikizana kwa enginer ndi chokongoletsera mkati, denga ndi makoma adzagwera pansi pomaliza.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya chipangizocho chojambulidwa, komanso njira zakukhosi pansi. Muzomwe zimachitika nyengo yozizira m'dziko lathu, pansi zofunda mnyumbamo ndi njira yothandiza yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu yonse ya nyumbayo.
Chipangizo cha Zida Zokonzedwa
Kutengera mtundu wa malo opangira, njira za chida chawo zimadziwika. Maudindo akuluakulu a malo oterowo ndi konkriti ndi matabwa. Musanapange pansi zofunda, ndikofunikira kuti zitheke kubweretsa zakuda.
Mwanjira yosavuta, malo akuda a konkriti munyumba yamadera amapangidwa ndi zokutira za monolithic pamwamba pa pilo lamchenga. Izi zimapangidwa popanda kulimbikitsidwa.
Ngati ndikofunikira kutetezedwa ku madzi okwera pansi, filimu ya polyethylene imakhazikika pakati pa pilo ndi konkriti, yomwe ingasinthe pansi.
Ikani chisumbucho pansi, ndipo pamwamba pake pamalimbikitsidwa pansi pa konkriti yamtsogolo
Mawondo ofunda m'nyumba amatha kuyamba kupanga, kupanga makulidwe a chipangizo cha malo opangira. Pachifukwa ichi, mbale za kupereweraku zimakhazikika pamwamba pa zokutira zosanjikiza za Monolithic, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa pamwamba ndi konkriti zomwe zimapangidwa.
Dothi lokonzekera matabwa ku kanyumba linakonzedwa m'magawo angapo.
- Pa dothi lozungulira limapangidwanso. Amapanga, omwe amatchedwa Subfield. Amapangidwa nthawi zambiri ngati mawonekedwe a njerwa zam'madzi pa yankho la mchenga.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa mitengo yamatabwa pamtengo wokonzedwa. Mwanjira ya lag imayimira matabwa kapena matabwa ambiri.
M'dzikoli, onetsetsani kuti mwachita hydro ndi matenthedwe pansi
- Kupanga muzu. Itha kupangidwa ndi mabodi opapatiza a platics kapena zida zolimba za masamba ngati plywood.
- Chida chopanda madzi ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, zinthu zotchingira matenthedwe zimachitidwa pamizu.
- Kuphimba kwa malo akuda pansi kumatha kuchitidwa, komanso chinzononocho kuchokera kumatabwa opapatiza kapena zolembera.
Nthawi zina m'mitundu ya dziko amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zopitilira muyeso. Ndiwonso mmodzi wa mitundu ya zitsulo zowawa. Pa mbale kuyenera kunenedwa, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chida chachitsulo.
Nthawi zambiri, wosanjikiza wachiwiri wa konkriti kapena matabwa ojambulidwa amachitidwa kuchokera ku zida zomwe sizimafunikira kumaliza kumaliza.
Mwachitsanzo, malo ogulitsira kapena mbewu yopukutira yopanga mafakitale.
Pansi ndi kutentha kosinthika
Madzi ofunda amathira malo ogulitsira ambiri.
Pa chitsimikizo cha chipangizocho chofunda chopumira chimagawidwa kukhala magetsi ndi madzi. Pazinthu zina zotenthetsera, chingwe kapena magetsi owonda kwambiri, komanso mwa ena - zitsulo za pulasitiki zokhala ndi madzi otentha.
Motenthe ndi njira yamadzi ndiyoyenera kutsimikizira chipangizo chapansi. Njira zokhazikitsa zimapangidwa motere. Pamalo ojambula, ngati kuli kotheka, wosanjikiza madzi amakhazikika, osonkhanitsa mapaipi a zitsulo amaikidwa pamwamba.
Wotolera ndi dongosolo lomwe madzi amazungulira. Kenako imalumikizidwa ndi kutentha kwa owombera ndi dongosolo laupandu. Pambuyo pa cheke choyeserera, zipika zachitsulo zimatsanulidwa ndi yankho la monolithic.
Ndikofunikira kupanga ndi dongosolo logwira ntchito lomwe kuwonjezeka kwa matenthedwe sikukhudzanso mphamvu ya monolitic.
Thermomats ndioyenera matope oyenda.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magwiridwe amagetsi pafupi ndi zokutira zamatabwa. Musanapange pansi panyumba patokha, zinthu zamtundu wamoto zimakhazikika pansi patatabwa. Imakhala ngati chotchinga chamagetsi, komanso chowoneka bwino m'mwamba, chomwe chiwonjezera mphamvu bwino mphamvu.
Izi, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito isolon, imayika chotenthetsera chamagetsi. Pansi yotentha yokhala ndi magwiridwe amagetsi sayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi zovuta. Chifukwa chake, mukakhazikitsa, mutha kudumpha malo okhazikitsa mipando yolemera, kuwadziwa pasadakhale.
Zingwe zonse ndi mawaya za thermomats ziyenera kukhala zamizidwa mosamala
Maume onse ndi ma tercerals amadzipatula mosamala. Kulumikizana koyesedwa kumachitika. Kenako kusanjikiza kofewa kumayikidwa, pamwamba pomwe pansi imakonzedwa ndi pepala, mwachitsanzo, plywood. Zovala zilizonse zimatha kuyikidwa papepala.
Ngati mungachite zofunda m'dziko lomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chamagetsi, ndiye, monga chida chamadzi, owala monolithic ndibwinobwino ngati zokutira.
Ndikofunikira musanakhazikitse zokutira kumtunda, zomwe zimayika zinthu zomaliza, kupanga cheke zingapo za dongosolo.
Ndikofunikiranso kuchitira kudzipatula modzipatula kuti malo omangidwawo atetezedwa ku zotsatira za zinthu zamkati ndi kunja.
Kusankha malo omaliza
Lamiete imatha kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo pamwamba pa malo otentha; yokutidwa ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
Kuti munthu akhale ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma othandiza sankhani zinthu zomaliza, kutengera ndi mikhalidwe yake, komanso kuganizira mtundu wa chimbudzi ndi cholinga cha chipindacho.
Kwa mabwalo ndi chipinda chokhala ndi chilema, monga mtundu wokutidwa ndi wokongola komanso wothandiza. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zomaliza, ndizotheka kupatula pansi pobisalira plywood ndipo nthawi yomweyo imasunganso ndalama zopumira.
M'malo oterowo, ngati mabafa kapena kukhitchini, kugwiritsa ntchito matailosi kumayenera kulungamitsidwa. Mtundu wamtunduwu umaphatikizidwa bwino ndi wonyezimira, motero iyenera kukhala yoyenera pansi yofunda yokhala ndi chipangizo chothirira komanso chingwe chamagetsi. Kutentha kwamtundu wanji ndikwabwino kusankha, onani kanemayu:
Katapeti wogona amakhala wolungamitsidwa mu zogona ndi zipinda za ana. Mtundu wamtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha.
Zinthu za Linoleum ndizotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo, komanso, komanso kapeti, zimakhala zofewa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, mutakonza pamwamba kugona.
Mukamapanga mapangidwe a zipinda paphiri la kumaliza zinthu zomalizira, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe omwe ayenera kuyikidwa kapena atayikidwa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kuti zibweretse zokutira ndi chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe amodzi.
Kudziyimira pawokha
Sankhani bolodi yapamwamba kwambiri
Mutha kupanga pansi mdzikolo ndi manja anu osalumikizana ndi akatswiri. Zovala pansi ndi mitundu ya zokutira zimafotokozedwanso intaneti. Pezani zida zofunikira kwa aliyense.
Musanapange pansi mdziko muno, muyenera kupanga dongosolo la ntchito, kuti mudziwe mtundu wa zokutira ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika.
Akufunika kuti apange cholembera kuti chikhale chophimba pagawo lililonse la chipangizocho chokwanira mu ndege yopingasa. Momwe mungapangire pansi munyumba ya bar, onani vidiyoyi:
Mukamagwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kuyesetsa kupanga maziko olimba, omwe angazindikire katundu kuchokera pamipando ndi anthu omwe ali mchipinda.
Pansi pa pansi loyamba lidzapereka katundu wodziwa kukhazikitsidwa pamaziko panjira yamkati ndipo pabungwe. Kuphulika pansi yachiwiri kudzakonzedwa pakugundana.
Kuyenereradi, kuchita chida pansi chachiwiri kumafunikira kuti apange kuchuluka kwambiri.
Posankha zida za chimato cham'matabwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera. Zimawonetsa magawo a mitengo yamatabwa, yomwe idzaonetsetsa kudalirika kwa ntchito ndi kugwira ntchito. Kuwerengera magawo patebulo kumapangidwa kuti katundu wa 400 makilogalamu. Pa 1 m2 pansi.
| Kutalika kwa kugona (kutalika kwake) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gawo Lokhazikitsa | 2.0 m. | 2.5 m. | 3.0 m. | 4.0 m. | 4.5 m. | 5.0 m. | 6.0 m. |
| 0.6 m. | 75 mm. H. 100 mm. | 75 mm. H. 150 mm. | 75 mm. H. 200 mm. | 100 mm. H. 200 mm. | 100 mm. H. 200 mm. | 125 mm. H. 200 mm. | 150 mm. H. 225 mm. |
| 1.0 m. | 75 mm. H. 150 mm. | 100 mm. H. 150 mm. | 100 mm. H. 175 mm. | 125 mm. H. 200 mm. | 150 mm. H. 200 mm. | 150 mm. H. 225 mm. | 175 mm. H. 250 mm. |
Kusankha zinthu pansi, onani zolemetsa zomwe zingapirire mbale yanu yokongola
Ngati kupita patsogolo kwa mbale kumatuluka ngati kuwonongeka kwa pansi chachiwiri, kusankha kwa chinthu choyenera kuyenera kupangidwa, kutengera katundu wazinthu zomwe zadziwika ndi mtundu wa zinthuzi. Pachilichonse chilichonse, chizindikiritso ichi chidzakhala chanu.
Pomwe pansi ili pa mbale, monga pamalo oyamba, odzaza ndi odzaza ndi owuma, omwe amatulutsa pansi komanso chofunda pansi.
Nthawi ina kapena zochitika zina sizilola kuti ntchito yonse ikhale yokhayokha, ndiye kuti mutha kukopa omanga kapena bungwe. Njira imodzi kapena ina, kuphunzira njira ndikofunikira kuwongolera mtundu wa ntchito yomwe yachitika.
Mpaka payekha, nthawi yachisanu sinafikebe, ndipo chilimwe chadutsa kale, pansi chofunda chidzathandiza banja lonse. M'nyengo yozizira, zofunda sizingasinthidwe ngati pali ana ang'onoang'ono m'banjamo. Chitonthozo cholandiridwa kuchokera ku chophimba chapamwamba kwambiri chimalipira ndalama zonse zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa kwake. Za zobisika zogona pansi pa ziphuphu-slabs, onani vidiyoyi:
Kupanga kugonana kwafunda kumapangitsa kuti zisangalatse chipindacho pogwa ndi masika osagwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha. Izi zikuthandiza kukonza bwino mphamvu ya nyumbayo.
Chitonthozo chimadutsamo nthawi zonse nyumba ndi nyumba zamakono. Ndikofunikira kupitilizabe kukhala ndi mwayi komanso mtengo wake. Chida chotentha chofunda ndi chodalirika nthawi ndi njira.
Nkhani pamutu: pansi pamunsi pa nyumba: malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito