Pamene chipangizocho, mtanda wambiri uyenera kukhala wofunika kwambiri zofunikira zonse kuti chinthu chothandizira chitha kukwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa. Mafamu ndi zinthu zina zofananira ziyenera kukwezedwa kuti kapangidwe kamene kamatha kupirira mphepo ndi matalala a chipale chofewa. Nthawi zonsezi zimapangidwanso pakuwerengera njira. Pofuna, kukhazikitsa kwa rabter ku intracy kumatha kuchitidwa, kusunga ndalama pa antchito ankhondo achitatu.
Mitengo yonyamula ziweto.
Zambiri Zoyambira Za Rafate
Manthuwa ndi chipinda pansi pa denga, limapezeka pagombe la nyumbayo. Kuvomerezeka koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi wokonzekera bwino madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mtengo waukulu. Pa chapamwamba kuti zitheka kukhala zoyipa kuposa chipinda china chilichonse. Koma chifukwa cha izi imafunikira kukhala okonzeka bwino komanso, makamaka, kukhazikitsa ma rafters padenga.
Slinge system ya padenga la chipinda.
Musanakhazikitse ziweto zam'munsi, muyenera kusankha mtundu wa kapangidwe kameneka. Zomangira ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Zovala zam'madzi za padenga zimayikidwa bwino mu nyumba zokhala ndi ngolo yonyamula pakati. Kukhazikitsa khwangwala wa ma rafter a padenga la chipinda chapamwamba, ndikofunikira kuti makoma awiri aja ali kutali kwambiri kuposa 7 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Ngati palibe khoma lamkati, njira yokhayo yothetsera khwangwala padenga la chipinda chapamwamba. Mapangidwe oyambira amaphatikiza ma rafters ndi lamba wotsika - wolimba. Maurlat amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo. Waya ndi mabatani amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga rafter. Kukhazikitsa kumachitika ndi kungoganizira kuchuluka kwa katundu woyenera.
Mawonekedwe a kukwera kwa stafter
Kukhazikitsa kwa dongosolo la padenga.
Musanayambe kukhazikitsa rafquer padenga la chipinda chapamwamba, konzekerani zonse zomwe mukufuna pa ntchitoyi:
- Bolodi lokhalapo.
- Mipiringidzo yamatabwa.
- Kutentha zinthu.
- Misomali.
- Waya wowoneka ndi mainchesi 3-4 mm.
- Twine.
- M'lifupi 15 cm mulifupi ndi 4-5 cm.
- Chinyezi chotupa.
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Pali mitundu ingapo ya manzanga otera, ndiye:
- Trainelar.
- Asymmetric.
- Symmetric.
- Wosweka.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake kake kake kake kadenga wa padenga. Mukamachita izi, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti:
- Nyengo yachigawo.
- Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndikumaliza.
- Zokonda zanu za nyumbayo.
Kuyika mabondo a kasudzo.
Chokulirapo mbali ya denga la padenga la padenga, laling'ono padzakhala malo aufulu m'chipinda champhamvu. Komabe, ngati ngodya ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, dongosolo loyera limakhala likuvuta kuyeretsa ndi kuipitsa. Pakapita kanthawi, izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kudalirika kwa kachitidwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe zinthu zoyenerera zoyenerera zodulira.
Kukhazikitsa kwa khwangwala padenga la chipinda cha chipindacho kumatsimikizira mphamvu ndi kukhazikika padenga. Mukamachita ntchitoyi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo. Choyamba, kapangidwe kake kumapangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo yamatabwa yokhala ndi gawo la mitanda ya 100x100 mm kapena 150x150 mm. Kachiwiri, dongosololi limayandikana mosamala. Nthawi zambiri ma robeleds kapena amagwiritsa ntchito ngati madzi.
Kapangidwe kake kamayikidwa pansi kuchokera ku konkriti wolimbikitsidwa. Waya ndi zitsulo zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza mawonekedwe onyamula. Nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito spiked. Ndikofunikira kuti nkhuni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziweto sizinapitirire chinyezi cha 15%. Ngati ndi kotheka, kusankha kuyenera kuperekedwa m'malo osonyeza miyala yotsimikizira.
Onetsetsani kuti mwapanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Banja lidakhalabe loletsedwa. Chifukwa cha iwo, dongosolo lonse losinthira limangowonongeka. Chifukwa chake, musanagwiritse ntchito, mipiringidzo iyenera kuwuma. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo umaphatikizidwa ndi antiseptic ndi anti-mapazi.
Kuchita zolemba zothandizira, werengani gawo la kukhazikitsa kuti zipinda zonse zaikidwa molunjika mundege yomweyo. Chongani chomaliza cha kuyikaku kukuthandizani ndi mnzanu womanga nyumba aliyense wotchedwa Plumb.
Kukonza magawo kukhala odalirika kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito zopindika kapena kutambasula. Mitsempha yokhazikika mpaka zinthu zoyenera. Nthawi zambiri chophimba mbali ziwiri ndi plywood ndi chouma. Pakati pa mapepala olemba ayenera kuyikanso kwambiri.
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Malangizo osindikizidwa ndi okwera
Kulimbikitsa ziwembu zophatikizidwa ndi subgroof yowonjezera.
Njira yokweza dongosolo la padenga la nyumbayo imayamba ndi kuyika kwa malo apamwamba. Kuti muteteze, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misomali, zomangira ndi mabatani azitsulo. Bruce amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo la mtanda wa 150x150 kapena 100x100 mm.
Pambuyo pake, kukhazikitsa kwa Mauerlat kumachitika. Ndikofunikira, choyambirira, kuti denga lisasunthike kwambiri. Ma auerlat ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikuyika m'njira yoti apirire katundu amene abwera padenga la nyumbayo ndi makoma ake. Mwachindunji Mauerlat amaperekedwa kuchokera ku Brusev. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mabasi 100x150 mm. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa okhala ndi makulidwe a 50 mm.
Zinthu zosankhidwa ziyenera kuyika molunjika, atatha kuwerenga kukula kwa mpanda. Pansi pa bar iliyonse kapena bolodi, zinthu zosafunikira zimakwezedwa, zomwe zimateteza zinthu za Maurolat chifukwa cha chinyontho.
Pamapeto, miyendo yoweta imayikidwa. Zinthu zopanga izi zitha kugulidwa pamalo omalizidwa kapena muchite nokha. Choyamba, gawo lamiyendo limawerengeredwa, kenako chizindikirocho chimayikidwa ku Mawierlat. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulembera nkhosa yamphongo ndi solalat. Akatswiri akulimbikitsidwa kuti akweze ma rafters mu gawo la 1-1.2 m. Ikani zingwe zopitilira kutsogolo. Ndikofunikira kuti mzere wa kutsogolo ndi pamwamba pa miyendo udalipo chimodzimodzi.
Zomangira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mipiringidzo kapena matabwa. Ndikofunika kuti matabwawo ndiwowongoka.
Kuyambira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo ndi bwino kukana, kuchuluka kovomerezeka - zidutswa zitatu pa mita.
Mitundu ya mapangidwe a rafter.
Kenako, muyenera kutenga twine ndikukoka pakati pa othamanga kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, imagwira ntchito yomwe imagwira ntchito kuti ikhazikitsidwe. Pomaliza, muyenera kulumikiza mbali zapamwamba za zopangidwa ndi wina ndi mnzake ndikuyika skate. Zidzafunika ngati denga limakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 7, ndipo chimango cha kulemera kwambiri.
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Ngati denga lili ndi laling'ono laling'ono, lidzakhala lokwanira kulumikiza miyendo ndikutambasula. Nthawi yomweyo kutambasulani mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo ngati malo okhala ndi denga langa. Ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi chipale chofewa, zinthu izi zimatenga gawo linalake.
Pomaliza, nyali yaikidwa, chinyontho chimayikidwapo ndipo matenthedwe amayikidwa, padenga lakhuta, makoma ndi denga la chipinda chapamwamba amakhazikika.
Ngati pali mawindo mu denga la chipinda chavala, ntchitoyi imapangidwa m'njira imodzi, koma pa sitepe yokhazikitsa, tsegulani zenera, pomwe mafelemu azikhazikitsidwa. Musaiwale kuti buluyo liyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwa 3x2. m. Kupatula apo, kukhala m'chipinda chotere sichingakhale chosasangalatsa.
Denga lavala, lomwe limapangidwa molingana ndi malamulo onse, zidzakhala zokongoletsera zabwino za nyumba iliyonse ndipo zizikhala zaka khumi ndi chimodzi. Limbikitsani chidwi pa chipangizo cha rafter ndikubwera ku ntchito iyi ndi udindo wonse. Simudzangopulumutsa ndalama zokha, koma mudzawongolera gawo lililonse la ntchito, lomwe limakulolani kuti mudzilimbikitse. Zabwino zonse!