Kuphatikiza pa kusankha zinthu zoyenera m'mapaipoli, chophimba pansi, chitsimikizo chowongolera dongosolo komanso chida chake chotsatira malamulo onse ndi malamulo owonjezera omwe amadzaza pansi. Ngati kuphwanya malamulo oyambira, mapulani anu onse ndi ntchito zanu zidzachepetsedwa, kubweretsa zokhumudwitsa zokhazokha. Ngakhale ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi atatu ali pachibwenzi pansi pamoto, mukufunikabe kudziwa maziko oyambira, chifukwa Ndizotheka kuti anthu omwe amadzitcha okha akatswiri akhoza kukhala oterowo. Pozindikira kuti nditathira pansi ndi manja awo, mutha kutsata ogwira ntchitoyo, kuti awonetse luso lanu pankhaniyi, ndipo sadzathanso kusokoneza kapena kuchita bwino. Koma ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za akatswiri azaukadaulo achitatu, timamvetsetsa ukadaulo wa kudzaza zogonana ndi manja anu, palibe chomwe chimavuta.
Kutentha kwamadzi.
Chimayambitsa ndi zida zodzaza pansi
Tekinoloje yodzaza pansi ndi manja awo imapereka chida cholira. Imakhala ngati maziko a pansi. Zili pa iye omwe amapereka gawo lalikulu la katundu wambiri kuchokera pamipando ndi zida zokhazikitsidwa m'chipindacho, komanso katundu wamphamvu kuchokera ku kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi anthu. Kuwala kumakonza mapaipi a madzi ofunda ndipo amapereka malo ofunda, omwe amawona kuchuluka kwa chipindacho komanso mtundu wa kukhazikitsa pansi pa chophimba pansi mwachindunji.
Njira ya neori ya konkriti wa Ceramini pansi pansi pansi pa pansi.
Kutsanulidwa kumachitika pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa kutentha kwa kutentha pansi pamapaipi pansi. Ndikofunikira kuti mapaipi atulutsidwe pamwamba pa mulingo wotsekedwa, i.e. Ayenera kukhala ndi katundu. Pakachitika kuti ma tubular dongosolo lamadzi ofunda amakhazikika kwathunthu, mutha kuyamba kudzaza malo pakati pa mapaipi okhala ndi yankho lapadera.
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Monga lamulo, limadzaza limapangidwa ndi matope wamba a simenti ndi osanja, omwe amalola kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito simenti ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya omalizidwa. Tekinoloje imakupatsani mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga ndi zinyalala ngati ophatikizidwa. Ngati mukuwonjezera yankho kuti mudzaze madzi ofunda, ndiye kuti simenti-Sandy yankho lapezedwa. Mutha kuwonjezera rubbank kwa icho, kenako yankho lokhalitsa lokhazikika lidzapezeka.
Monga lamulo, mchenga wachilendo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa pansi zofunda.
Tekinoloje imapereka kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la simenti ndi michenga 3, komanso madzi. Mchenga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi quartz.
Penoplex amatchuka kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, zomalizidwa zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza pansi pamadzi ofunda. Makhalidwe awo ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a osakaniza wamba simenti. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ngati amenewa ndiosavuta kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito yayikulu. Zigawo zonse za zosakanizira ndizoyenera ndipo sizikufuna kusakanikirana kowonjezereka. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe atchulidwa ndi kusakaniza pang'ono ndi chosakanizira kapena kubowola ndi mphuno yapadera. Kuti yankho likhale pulasitiki yambiri ndipo imatha kulowa m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya milomo imawonjezeredwa.
Osatinso nthawi zambiri, zosakanikirana zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza underfcor. Matendawa amagwira ntchito pa mulingo wopanda ntchito yowonjezera kuchokera kwa munthu ndikumasinthiratu kusinthasintha kotsiriza kwadzaza pansi.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani musanayambe ntchito?
Grid yolimbikitsidwa ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale mapaipi ofunda.
Musanayambe kudzaza, muyenera kuphunzira za zinthu zazikuluzikulu komanso malamulo a ntchitoyi. Kuchita Malangizo Osavuta, ntchito idzadutsa mwachangu, ndipo mtundu wa omalizidwa udzakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakudzaza madzi pansi pamanja osavuta kukhala kuvomerezeka kwa misozi yoletsedwa. M'zipinda m'dera la 10-12 m wa, ma seams awa amapangidwa molingana ndi zida zophimba. Kuti muchite izi, pansi pa khoma, gulu lonyansa limasindikizidwa. M'tsogolomu, zimakupatsani mwayi wolipiritsa kukulitsa kwadzaza ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri.
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Pakachitika kuti malo a chipindacho amaposa 10-12 m, ma seam owonjezera adapangidwa. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yolipidwa, tepi yonyowa imapereka zotupa zamatenthedwe kuchokera kumakoma, chifukwa Ili ndi zojambula zojambula zojambula zamafuta.
Magawo akulu a kukhazikitsa adzafotokozedwa pansipa. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa njira zazikulu zomwe muyenera kudziwa ndi othandiza, koma osafunikira pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kutsanulira pansi, onetsetsani kuti mwawona kachulukidwe ka Hydraulic ndi kugwirira ntchito kolondola kwa dongosolo. Ngati mungakwaniritse osawerengera zolakwika zomwe zilipo, panthawiyo pambuyo pake, zimawonekera, ndipo muyenera kuchotsa mudzaze ndi kuchita zonse zokwanira.
Pansi pa matope ndikofunikira kuyika zinthu zowonetsera kutentha zomwe zingachepetse kuchepa kutentha m'chipindacho ndi pansi.
Malangizo ophunzirira ndi kutsanulira pansi pamadzi ofunda
Njira zotentha pansi.
Kutsanulira ukadaulo umapereka ntchito zotsatirazi:
- mulingo womanga;
- Kubowola ndi chosakanizika;
- Spathela;
- Wogwira ntchito;
- malamulo ochita opaka;
- Zidebe kapena akasinja ena oyenera pokonzekera yankho.
Musanadzaze, tengani madzi kapena gawo losavuta ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukusindikiza. Omanga akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyamba ku gawo lotsatira pokhapokha zivomerezo zazikuluzikulu zimakonzedwa, ndipo dontho la kutalika sidzapitilira 4-6 mm 2 m.
Mutha kuyatsa pansi nthawi iliyonse.
Pakudziwa zophophonya zazikulu (ming'alu, osagwirizana, ndi zina), ndikofunikira kutsatira mazikowo mothandizidwa ndi yankho lapadera. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake. Ndikotheka kusamukira kumagawo ena ogwira ntchito pokhapokha atangogwiritsa ntchitoyo. Tsatirani matekinoloje omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga osakaniza kapena zikalata zomwezo.
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Kulakwitsa konse kumachotsedwa, ndikofunikira kutsatira wosanjikiza wa hydro, kenako ndikutchingira. Gridi yapaderayo imayikidwa komwe mapaipi adzalumikizidwa. Kenako, tepi yamvula yaikidwa, mabwalo otenthetsera amalumikizidwa ndipo kukhulupirika kwawo kumayesedwa.
Molunjika chingayambike pambuyo pa makina otenthetsa amatsimikiziridwa ndikuyesedwa malinga ndi ukadaulo wapadera. Potsanulira, mayankho a gulu lina lamphamvu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze ndi nyimbo zam'matanda kapena kusakanikirana komwe machitidwe awo sangakhale otsika kuposa mawonekedwe ofanana a M300 Brandrete (kalasi B22,5).
Sangalalani mwapadera kwa makulidwe adzaza mapaipi pansi. Sizingatheke kuti zikhale zosachepera 3 cm. Makulidwe abwino kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 4 cm. Yang'anirani mwapadera kuti mugwiritse ntchito zida zomangira (simenti, konkriti) muyenera kudikirira pafupifupi 28 -30 masiku mpaka atadzaza kwathunthu. Ndipo gawo lokha la izi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwamphamvu.
Dzazani osakaniza, kutsatira ndipo mupirira. Kuti muume zovala zokulira, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zoposa miyezi 1.5. Ndikosatheka kuyimitsa chophimba pansi mpaka kudzaza kwathunthu. Nyumba zambiri mu dongosolo lino ndizosavuta kwenikweni chifukwa choyanika kwachangu.
Tsopano mukudziwa kutsanulira chitoliro chamadzi inu nokha. Palibe china chovuta mu izi. Ndikofunikira kuti munthu amene ali ndi udindo komanso mosamala amapeza mosamala zinthu zodzaza. Makamaka, izi zimagwiranso ntchito simenti. Ziyenera kugulidwa musanayambe ntchito, chifukwa Mukamagula pasadakhale, itha kuyambiranso. Ntchito yabwino!