Ceranzitobeton ndi imodzi mwamitundu ya konkriti, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yamakono (yodzazidwa ndi zida za monolithic zolimbikitsira, pomanga nyumba, magaleta ndi nyumba zapakhomo). Ndondomeko imaphatikizapo simenti, zinyenyeswazi, mchenga womanga ndi madzi. Izi sizophweka kokha, koma zolimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti kwa Ceramite kwa makoma kumakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa, chifukwa chake kumakhala ndi katundu wofunikira kwambiri. Komanso, popeza kukula kwa Ceranzitobetone ndikofunika kuposa njerwa, ndiye kuti, khoma lochokera ku Ceranzit conkrite limakhala lalikulu.
Ulemu ndi zovuta za zinthu
Zinthu zili ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Mitengo yayikulu. Kupanga kumaphatikizapo mitundu ya simenti yotsika kuposa m-400;
- Kuchuluka kwamimba. Amasunga kutentha kwambiri kuposa konkriti wamba.;
- Mawu omveka. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, konkriti yokonzera Ceramizi ili ndi tanthauzo labwino, losiyana ndi konkire.
- Kukhazikika kwambiri. Ili ndi kukhazikika kodabwitsa monga chotsitsimutsa chilengedwe (chipale chofewa, ndi zina) ndi zinthu za mankhwala (ma sulphate, caustic alkali);
- Mulingo wambiri;
- Amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi chinyezi chomwe mukufuna m'chipindacho;
- Osati mwakali pamapeto. Ntchito isanafike kumaliza isanachitike. Zokongoletsera za simenti ya Ceramizi ndizotheka ndi zinthu zilizonse zomaliza. Sizikufuna kuthira pulasitala ndi kukhazikitsa mfuti zolimbikitsidwa;
- Kukana kutentha madontho ndi chisanu;
- Mu kapangidwe ka zinthu palibe mankhwala omwe amasokoneza mwamphamvu nyumba zachitsulo za nyumbayo;
- Ntchito yomanga makoma imachitika mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti konkriti ya Ceramite ili ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kukhazikitsa kosavuta kudzapangitsa kuti apange munthu womanga ndi wonkriti wa Ceramizi yemwe sanakhalepo ndi zomanga;
- Makoma ochokera mu nkhaniyi amakhala ndi kulemera kochepa;
- Sizitentha, sizimavunda, osati dzimbiri.
Mu konkriti konkrite ya Ceramizi, monganso muzomanga zilizonse, pali zovuta:
- Omwe ali ndi nkhawa momwe amapangidwira, Ceramzitobetone ndiyotsika kwambiri mu mphamvu ndi zisonyezo zamakina zisanachitike.
- Osagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maziko;
- Abuludi amawoneka woipa;
- Kukana zabwino chisanu kumatanthauzanso kuchepa. Madzi omwe anagwera mu pores amazizira pamatenthedwe otsika, ndipo ayeziyo, monga amadziwika, akufalikira. Pambuyo pazinthu zingapo zozizira komanso njira zachinyengo, zolimbana za chisanu zimatha kuchepa.
Zolemba pamutu: mipanda yopangidwa (mipanda) ya nyumba zapadera - sankhani kalembedwe kanu
Kuwerengera kuchuluka
Kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa mabatani kumapangidwa ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi kukula kwa nyumbayo. Pofuna kuwerengera ndalama zomwe muyenera kudziwa kutalika ndi kutalika kwa makhoma, kukula kwa zenera ndi makendo. Ganizirani chitsanzo cha kuwerengera nyumba yokhala, pomwe makoma obamira adzamangidwa kuchokera ku izi.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumanga nyumba ndi magawo awa:
Kukula kwa nyumba yamtsogolo ndi ma 9x15 metres. Kutalika - 3.5 metres, kukula kwa pawindo 1.5X1.8 Meters (mawindo oterewa adzakhala zidutswa 7), makewa - 1.5x2.5 mita (zotseguka zidzakhala zidutswa 4).
Kuwerengera kuyenera kupangidwa kutengera kukula kwa chipikacho, ndi osiyana. Kwa ife, makulidwe a khoma likhala 39 cm.
Kuwerengera kumapangidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Kuwerengetsa kuzungulira kwa masomphenya kunyumba. Tili ndi makhoma awiri a 9 m ndi 15 m. Ndimachulukitsa 2 * 9 m + 2 * 15 m = 48 m;
- Kuchulukana kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo zenera ndi ziweto: 48 m * 3,5 m * 0.39 m * 0.39 m * 1,5,52 M³, 5,52 M³
- Kuwerengetsa kwa malo onse a pawindo: 7 * (1.5 m * 1.8 m * 0.39 m) = 7.371 M);
- Kuwerengera nyumba zonse za khomo: 4 * (1.5 m * 2,5 m * 0.39 m) = 5.85 m3;
- Chifukwa chake, tsopano ndikofunikira kuwerengera kukula kwa zenera ndi khomo kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa makoma: 65.52 m³ - 7.371 m³ - 52.299 m³ - kwathunthu;
- Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zidutswa, muyenera kuwerengera voliyumu imodzi, chifukwa izi tachulukitsa kutalika kwa kutalika kwake komanso kutalika kwake, 0.4 m * 0.2 m = 0.016 m³ - voliyumu imodzi;
- Tsopano mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mitangano yogulidwa: 52.299 m³ / 0,016 m = 3268.6875 ≈ miyala;
- Kuti mudziwe mtengo wa zinthu zonse, ndikofunikira kuchulukitsa mtengo wa chipika chimodzi.
Kodi makulidwe azikhala otani pakhoma
Kukula kwa makoma kuchokera ku ceramzitobetone kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera kapangidwe kake. Kutengera ndi malamulo omanga ndi malamulo (Snip), olimbikitsidwa kukhoma la konkrite ya Ceramite kuti nyumba yokhala ndi 64.
Koma, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti khoma lonyamula katundu limatha kukhala ndi khoma la 39. Kupanga nyumba ya chilimwe kapena nyumba, kuti mupange nyumba zina zachuma, mabatani amakulidwe m'bungwe limodzi.
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Tekinoloje atagona
Choyamba, lingalirani zaukadaulo. Mabatani ndi osiyana ndi kapangidwe ndi kusinthidwa: kusungulumwa komanso nthawi zonse. Nthawi zonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaziko ndi pansi pansi, zomwe zimayembekezeredwa. Kuwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumanga makhoma pomwe katundu wocheperako amakhudzidwa.
Kukonzekera kwa maziko kuyenera kukhala kwachibale mpaka kumapeto. Pakalibe malo oyimirira, mabala a lamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zosadabwitsa kwambiri pamwamba sizikhala zowawa, zimatha kukhala zogwirizana ndi yankho mu njira yolumikizana ndi mzere woyamba wa khoma.
Pakukonzekera maziko, osanjikiza madzi amagawidwanso, wothamanga wamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa miyeso ndi imodzi mwa magawo ofunikira. M'makona a khoma lamtsogolo muyenera kukhazikitsa njanji zapadera zomwe zingakuloleni kuti muchepetse mizere ya mizere yoyamba ndi yotsatira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misika yamatabwa, koposa zonse, chilichonse chomwe ali osalala. Magawo awa amaikidwa molunjika pamtunda wa 10 mm kuchokera kumakona ndi mzere wamtsogolo.
Pa njanji, tikuwona mulingo wa maziko ndikuyika zigawo zogwirizana ndi mfundo zapamwamba za zomangazi, zomwe zimaperekedwa kukula kwa seams (10 - 12 mm). Pa njanji zotambasulira zovala kapena chingwe chachikulu ndikuti adzakhala wolimba. Chingwe chotambalala (chingwe chosankhidwa) ndikofunikira kuwona mtunda pakati pake ndi khoma la 10 mm.
Kukonzekera yankho
Pamalo omanga mabatani a Cerathete-konkrite, komanso kuti azikhala ndi zingwe, yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku simenti ndi mchenga mu 1: 3. Nthawi zina, laimu imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuyika mzere woyamba
Chigawo chilichonse chimayenera kunyowa ndi madzi kuti akwaniritse bwino. Kuti musinthe ntchito, mutha kuthira madzi angapo. Bwino pomwe malo onse a chipika amathiridwa ndi madzi. Madzi amayenera kulowetsedwa pamwamba, osangowanyoza.
Kugona nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi ngodya ya khoma. Pa maziko omwe timayika yankho la mzere woyamba, makulidwe ake sayenera kupitirira 22 mm.
Wosanjikiza wa yankho kuyenera kukhala masentimita angapo padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene chipikacho chabzala, yankho limatulutsa pansi pake. Timagwiritsa ntchito yankho nthawi 4 - 5, osamvekanso, chifukwa limasuntha mpaka miyala yoyamba itakhazikika. Chotchingira bwino kwambiri pa yankho, mothandizidwa ndi chogwiritsira ntchito choyambitsa kapena nyundo ya mphira chikuumitsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse izi pansi pa malo omwe adalembedwako pa njanji ndi pansi pa chingwe. Msodzi usapatuke zopitilira 10 mm, zotsalira za yankho la kuyankhula zimachotsedwa ndi malo ogulitsira (ndizothandiza pamzere wotsatira). Ndikofunikanso kudzaza njira zofananira ndi yankho pakati pa mabatani.
Nkhani pamutu: Kodi makatani ayenera kukhala otchinga kuti: kuwerengetsa koyenera
Kuyika mzere wachiwiri ndi wotsatira
RAPORTE CIGANIZANI KUSINTHA. Mchenga wachiwiri ndi onse wotsatira amapangidwa kuchokera pakona. Njira yothetsera yankho imagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhope yapamwamba kwambiri yokhazikika, komanso gwiritsani ntchito yankho ku mzere wotsika wa block. Timayika ndikuzungulira.
Pambuyo pake, timachititsa manyazi chogwirizira, kuti tikwaniritse pansi pa mfundo zomwe mukufuna komanso chingwe. Timachotsa yankho lowonjezera ndikudzaza nkhope zamkati pakati pa midadada. Mu njira yogona pogwiritsa ntchito gawo loletsa kuyimilira. Komanso, palibe chifukwa choiwala za chizindikirocho pa njanji ndi chingwe.
Kuyika kwa makoma kuchokera ku cerathet konkriti konkriti kuyenera kukhala chingwe. Kusanjikiza kulikonse komwe kumayikidwa ndi kusuntha pakati. Izi zikutsimikizira kulimba kwa khoma ndi makalata a seams a kutalika kwa block.
Nthawi zambiri, makoma a monolitic ochokera ku konkriti wa Ceramizi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba zosungidwa zambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yomanga nyumbayo, ndikusowa kwa seams.
Njira zogwirira ntchito zimatengera m'lifupi mwake konkriti ya Ceramite.
- Pomanga chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito (garaja, nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya khoma siyingakhale yopitilira 20 cm. Khoma likuwoneka kuchokera mkati, kuyikako kunja kwa ubweya wa mchere kapena umagwiritsidwa ntchito chithovu cha polystyrene.
- Masamba komanso ofanana, nyumba zing'onozing'ono, kutalika kwa khoma kumatha kufanana ndi kukula kwa unit, osati 20 cm. Pankhaniyi, bandeji yatengedwa kale. Kutchinga kwamafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga mlandu woyamba, koma wosanjikiza uyenera kukhala osachepera 50 mm.
- Kuti mupange nyumba ya dziko kapena kanyumba, m'lifupi mwake m'phiri liyenera kukhala osachepera 600 mm. Khomalo limabwera ndikulangiza kwa midadada ndi malo apadera pakati pawo omwe akufunika kuti asiyidwe atagona. Kuchulukitsa komwe muyenera kuyika. Kuchokera mkati mwa khomalo amayikidwa.
- Kupanga nyumba m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Khoma lakunja litachitika, magawo awiri amapangidwa ofanana wina ndi mnzake. Amalumikizidwa ndi zoyenerera. Pakati pawo, kuperewera kumene kumachitika ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri zayala. Njirayi ndiyovuta kwambiri, koma imaperekanso bwino m'chipindacho.
Kanema "Momwe Mungapangire Khoma Lapansi kuchokera ku Concramic Clack"
Kanema pa njira ya khomani yomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo a Cerathate ndi zinthu zambiri. Chiwonetsero cha maso omanga ndi ndemanga.